№ 9 (2025) Modern Science and Research

Статьи

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  IRAN’S FOREIGN POLICY EVOLUTION: IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS The article analyzes the transformation of Iran’s foreign policy strategy from the Islamic Revolution of 1979 to the early decades of the twenty-first century. Particular focus is placed on how domestic reforms, constitutional changes, and shifting geopolitical conditions shaped Tehran’s external orientation. The study highlights the central role of the Supreme Leader, whose broad constitutional powers allow him to define national priorities, supervise their implementation, and intervene directly in political institutions. It further examines the contributions of the President, the Parliament (Majles), the Foreign Ministry, and constitutional councils to policy formulation. The paper traces key stages of Iranian diplomacy under Rafsanjani’s pragmatic reconstruction, Khatami’s “Dialogue Among Civilizations,” Ahmadinejad’s confrontational justice-centered approach, and Rouhani’s moderate, economically oriented strategy culminating in the JCPOA. Overall, the research demonstrates how Iran’s foreign policy continuously balances ideology and pragmatism to strengthen national interests and ensure regional leadership.

  Ulmas Kalandarov

  395-399

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  REVMATOID ARTRITNING ERTA DIAGNOSTIKASIDA ASSP NING KLINIK AHAMIYATI Revmatoid artrit - hozirgi vaqtda bu kasallik nafaqat sog'liqni saqlash tizimining, balki jahon hamjamiyatining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy muammolaridan biriligicha qolmoqda. Misol uchun dunyo bo'ylab 18 million inson revmatoid artrit bilan kasallangan. Birgina Buyuk Britaniyada har yili Revmatoid artritning 24 500 dan ortiq yangi holatlari aniqlanadi. 2029 - yilga borib yangi tashxis qo'yilgan holatlar 25 400 dan ortishi kutilmoqda. 2000-2019 yillar oralig‘ida kasallanish soni 100 000 kishiga 58.4 dan 94,0 gacha ko‘tarilgan.

  Muhammadqodir Soliyev, Kodirxon Inomov, Babir To’raxo’jayev

  357-360

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  O‘ZBEK MILLIY MUSIQASINING ZAMONAVIY TALQINI Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek milliy musiqasining shakllanish jarayoni, uning tarixiy ildizlari va bugungi kunda zamonaviy san’at talablari asosida qayta talqin qilinishi masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Global madaniy jarayonlar ta’sirida milliy musiqaning o‘zgarish xususiyatlari, an’anaviy kuy-qo‘shiqlarning estrada, simfonik va elektron musiqaga uyg‘unlashtirilishi o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, milliy musiqaning yosh avlod ongida tarbiyaviy ahamiyati va uning madaniy identitetni shakllantirishdagi o‘rni ilmiy nuqtai nazardan yoritiladi.

  Dildora G‘afforova

  400-401

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  THE "UZBEKISTAN - 2030" STRATEGY: THE CULMINATION OF THE "NEW UZBEKISTAN" DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM This article examines the strategic trajectory of Uzbekistan's development since its independence, culminating in the "Uzbekistan - 2030" vision. It posits that the nation's evolution can be understood in two distinct phases: the foundational period, which established a unique "Uzbek Model" of gradual transition, and the contemporary era, defined by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev's "New Uzbekistan" concept. The article provides a critical analysis of this concept's core principles—prioritizing human dignity, justice, and economic liberalization—and its operationalization through two sequential strategic roadmaps: the "Strategy of Actions" (2017-2021) and the "Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan" (2022-2026). By evaluating the tangible outcomes of the first strategy and the ambitious, goal-oriented framework of the second, this paper argues that Uzbekistan has adopted a sophisticated, phased model of reform. This model effectively builds upon historical foundations while aggressively addressing contemporary challenges, aiming to position the country as a developed, just, and influential state within the international community by the end of the decade.

  Y. Jumayev

  152-155

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  THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF TEACHER PROFILES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN EFL SETTINGS The importance of a quality teacher profile towards improving English language teaching in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context is tackled by this article. It contends that a professional profile of a teacher, including his or her pedagogical belief system, cultural awareness, and language skills, is not just a credential but an operative instrument in effective teaching. The article analyzes how identification and development of such teacher profiles can contribute to more active and effective learning environments, linking pedagogical methods to the particular needs of EFL students.

  Oybek Rabbimov

  156-158

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  UNDERSTANDING THE LEARNER: THE CENTRALITY OF STUDENT PROFILES IN TEACHING ENGLISH IN UZBEKISTAN'S EFL CONTEXT The paper deals with the key function of creating and applying student profiles in enhancing effective English language instruction, specifically with regard to the Uzbekistan context. It argues that gaining an accurate insight into learners' backgrounds like their linguistic history, cultural context, learning motivations, and learning styles is essential in the development of pedagogical practices that lead to enhanced academic performance. The article discusses how a good student profile can inform curriculum planning, material selection, and classroom management, making teaching more pertinent and engaging to students in an EFL setting.

  Oybek Rabbimov

  159-161

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  O‘ZBEK ADABIYOTIDA PSIXOLOGIZMNING BADIIY TALQINI (“DAXSHAT” HIKOYASI MISOLIDA) Ushbu maqolada Abdulla Qahhorning “Daxshat” hikoyasi psixologizm nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qilingan. Asarda inson ruhiyatidagi qo‘rquv, xavotir va jamiyat bilan bog‘liq iztiroblarning badiiy talqini ko‘rsatib beriladi. Qahhorning psixologik tahlil uslubi, ramziy ma’nolar va ijtimoiy-psixologik muammolar uyg‘unligi hikoyaning o‘ziga xos badiiy qiymatini belgilaydi.

  Munisa Jabborova

  162-163

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• BO‘LAJAK BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QITUVCHILARINING IJODIY FAOLLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING TAVSIFIY IFODASI ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarining ijodiy faolligini rivojlantirishga doir tavsiflar, komponentlar, ijodkorlik, uning tavsifiy mazmuni, ijodiy fikrlash, ijodiy yondashish, o‘zini o‘zi rivojlantirish bo‘yicha ilmiy qarashlar keltirilib , ularga subyektiv munosabat bildirilgan.

  Shermo‘min Yarmatov

  164-166

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  COMPOUND VERBS IN KARAKALPAK, ENGLISH AND GERMAN LANGUAGES This article studies the compound verbs in three different languages: Karakalpak, English and German. In the article main features of compound verbs are identified, analyzed and compared from morphological and structural point of view.

  Tumaris Aytmuratova

  167-171

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  THЕ SIGNIFICАNT POINTS OF TEACHING METHODS IN PRIVATE EFL CLASSES The article contains general information about English language methodology, its types, significance, organizational history, and coherence.

  Nargiza Xudoyberdiyeva

  172-173

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  SEL XAVFINI OLDINI OLISH VA ULARDAN HIMOYALANISH TADBIRLARI Bu maqolada sel xavfini oldini olish va ulardan himoyalanish tadbirlari haqida sóz etilgan.

  A.A. Mamatqulov

  174-175

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  TEZIS MAVZUSI: REVMATIK ISITMA RIVOJLANISH MEXANIZMI Revmatik isitma tana to'qimalariga zarar etkazishi mumkin, bu ularning shishishiga olib keladi, lekin uning eng katta xavfi yurakka etkazilishi mumkin bo'lgan zarardadir. Vaqtning yarmidan ko'pi revmatik isitma yurak klapanlarining chandiqlanishiga olib keladi. Bu chandiq klapanni toraytirishi va klapanning to'g'ri ochilishi yoki yopilishini qiyinlashtirishi mumkin. Bu sizning yuragingizni tanangizning qolgan qismiga qon quyish uchun qattiqroq ishlashiga olib keladi. Ushbu qopqoqning shikastlanishi revmatik yurak kasalligi deb ataladigan holatga olib kelishi mumkin, bu esa vaqt o'tishi bilan konjestif yurak etishmovchiligiga olib keladi.

  Quvonch Tursunov, Shahlo Jo’rayeva

  176-178

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  DEMOCRATIZATION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES AND PUBLIC CONTROL: THE NEW REALITY OF UZBEKISTAN This article examines the process of democratizing relations between local representative bodies (Kengashes of People's Deputies) and mechanisms of public control in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The research focuses on the transformational changes that have occurred in the system of public administration following the constitutional reform of 2023, which marked a transition from a centralized model to a system based on the principles of "social state" and "people's power." The article analyzes the legal foundations of public control, its institutional forms, and the practical mechanisms of interaction between deputies and civil society institutions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of new democratic institutions that ensure transparency and accountability of local authorities, such as public councils, civic hearings, and participatory budgeting. The author comes to the conclusion that modern reforms have created a constitutional basis for the development of effective public control, while its practical implementation requires further improvement of legislation and development of civil society institutions.

  Y. Jumayev

  129-131

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  MULOQOT VA SHAXSLARARO MUNOSABATLAR PSIXOLOGIYASI Muloqot va munosabat to‘g‘risida tushuncha. Muloqotning kommunikativ sohasi. Muloqotning perseptiv tomoni. Muloqatning interaktiv tomoni. Muloqot turlari. Muloqatda mohiyatni ahamiyati.

  Gulzar Smetova

  132-133

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  TALABALARINIŃ KOGNITIV KOMPETENCIYASIN QÁLIPLESTIRIWDIŃ PSIXOLOGIYALIQ-PEDAGOGIKALIQ PRINCIPLERI Zamanagóy didaktika hám ámeliyattıń talaba shaxsına qayta baǵdarlanıwı olardıń biliw iskerligin jetilistiriw mashqalasın eń áhmiyetli mashqalalar qatarına qoydı. Búgingi kúnde joqarı bilimlendiriw mákemeleri talabaları tálim procesiniń baqlawshısı hám passiv tıńlawshısı emes, al onıń belsendi qatnasıwshısına aylanıp atırǵan bilimlendiriw subyekti sıpatında qabıl etilmekte. Oqıtıwshınıń bul baǵdardaǵı wazıypası belsendilik, erkinlik, dóretiwshilik sıpatların qáliplestiriwden ibarat. Aktiv bilim alıw óz mánisi boyınsha kognitiv kompetenciyanı rawajlandırıw sheńberindegi bilim alıw bolıp tabıladı. Solay etip, til úyreniwde talabalarınıń kognitiv kompetenciyasın qáliplestiriw oqıw procesin shólkemlestiriwdiń psixologiyalıq-pedagogikalıq principlerine tiykarlanadı hám tómendegiler menen xarakterlenedi:

  Gulayim Djumanova

  134-136

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  BAYRAM KONSEPTI: INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILLARI KONTEKSTIDA CHOG‘ISHTIRMA TADQIQI . Ushbu tadqiqot ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida bayram konseptining chog’ishtirma tahlilini taqdim etadi. Maqola bayramlarning tarixi, diniy va sekulyar bayramlar, shuningdek, ularning jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy roli va madaniy ahamiyatini o‘rganadi. Ingliz tilida bayramlar ko‘pincha diniy va sekulyar turdagi bayramlarga bo‘linib, ularning mazmuni va ifodalanishi ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy omillarga bog’liq. O‘zbek tilida esa bayramlar asosan diniy va milliy bayramlarga, shu jumladan, Navro‘z, Ramazon hayiti, va Qurbon hayiti kabi bayramlarga asoslanadi. Maqolada, har ikki tildagi bayramlarning mazmuni va ular orasidagi madaniy farqlar, ularning ijtimoiy birlik va birdamlikni mustahkamlashdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, bayramlarning jamiyatdagi ahamiyati, ular orqali jamiyatdagi qadriyatlar, an’analar va urf-odatlarni saqlash va yosh avlodga yetkazishdagi roli muhokama qilinadi. Tadqiqot, ingliz va o‘zbek tilida bayramlar konsepti orasidagi o‘zgarishlarni taqqoslaydi va ularning har bir millat uchun qanday ahamiyatga ega ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.

  Farog’at Normurodova

  137-140

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  ONA TILIDA NUTQ MADANIYATINI SHAKLLANTIRISHDA ZAMONAVIY RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNING IMKONIYATLARI VA PEDAGOGIK MUAMMOLAR Ushbu maqolada ona tilida nutq madaniyatini shakllantirishda zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalarning ta’lim jarayonidagi o‘rni, imkoniyatlari va yuzaga kelayotgan pedagogik muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli vositalarning nutq madaniyati rivojiga ta’siri, o‘qituvchilarning raqamli savodxonlik darajasi, texnik infratuzilma muammolari hamda ijtimoiy-psixologik jihatlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola raqamli va an’anaviy ta’lim usullarining uyg‘unligini ta’kidlab, pedagogik yondashuvlarni takomillashtirish zaruratini ko‘rsatadi.

  Jasmina Norkulova

  402-404

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  GIYOHVANTLIKDA BEMOR PSIXOLOGIYASI Mazkur maqolada giyohvandlikka chalingan shaxslarning psixologik hamda emotsional holati, kognitiv funksiyalari va ijtimoiy xulq-atvoridagi o‘zgarishlar psixologik va klinik nuqtai nazardan tahlil etilgan.

  Mahliyo Ro’zimova

  405-407

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  HISSIYOT VA STRESSNING INSON HAYOTIDA AHAMIYATI Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy psixologiyada muhim ahamiyat kasb etuvchi hissiyot va stress hodisalari oʻzaro uzviy bogʻliqligini tahlil qilamiz. Hissiyotlar inson ongining noaniq, ammo kuchli harakatlantiruvchi omillari sifatida qaralib, stress esa organizmning adaptiv javobi sifatida qaraladi.

  Mahliyo Ro’zimova

  408-411

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  BOSH SOHASINING TOPOGRAFIK ANATOMIYASI VA OPERATIV XIRURGIYASI Ushbu fan bosh sohasining murakkab anatomik tuzilishi, topografik munosabatlari hamda operativ jarrohlik tamoyillarini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Fan doirasida boshning yumshoq to‘qimalari, suyak tuzilmalari, qon va limfa tomir tizimi, asab tolalari va funksional ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan tuzilmalar batafsil tahlil qilinadi.Topografik anatomiya bosh sohasining turli qismlarida joylashgan tuzilmalarning o‘zaro munosabatlarini, patologik jarayonlarning tarqalish yo‘nalishlarini hamda jarrohlik amaliyoti uchun zarur bo‘lgan aniq anatomik yo‘nalishlarni belgilashga yordam beradi.Operativ xirurgiya esa bosh sohasida amalga oshiriladigan turli jarrohlik muolajalarini, ularning bajarilish texnikasini, minimal invaziv usullar va zamonaviy jarrohlik yondashuvlarini o‘rganadi. Shu bilan birga, operativ aralashuvlar vaqtida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan asoratlar va ularni oldini olish usullari ham ko‘rib chiqiladi.Fan tibbiyotning neyroxirurgiya, plastik va rekonstruktiv jarrohlik, travmatologiya va stomatologiya kabi yo‘nalishlari bilan uzviy bog‘liq bo‘lib, talabalarga, shifokorlarga va tadqiqotchilarga amaliyotda muhim bo‘lgan chuqur bilimlar beradi.

  Ravshan Sultonov, Shahlo Jo’rayeva

  412-415

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  STATUSNI ANGLATUVCHI MUROJAAT BIRLIKLARI Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida statusni anglatuvchi murojaat birliklarining nutqiy vaziyatda tasniflanishini ko’rishingiz mumkin.

  Nargiza Xudoyberdiyeva

  416-419

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  TIJORAT BANKLARI KREDITLARINING AHOLI BANDLIGIGA VA IQTISODIY O‘SISHGA TA’SIRI Mazkur ilmiy maqolada tijorat banklari kreditlarining aholi bandligiga va mamlakat iqtisodiy o‘sishiga ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Kreditlash jarayonida ishlab chiqarish korxonalarini moliyalashtirish, kichik va o‘rta biznesni qo‘llab-quvvatlash hamda uy xo‘jaliklari uchun yaratilgan moliyaviy imkoniyatlarning mehnat bozoriga va yalpi ichki mahsulotning o‘sishiga qo‘shgan hissasi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, bank kreditlarining investitsiya faolligini oshirishdagi, yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratishdagi va soliq tushumlarini ko‘paytirishdagi multiplikativ effekti nazariy va amaliy jihatdan asoslab berilgan. Xalqaro tajribalar bilan bir qatorda O‘zbekiston tajribasi ham tahlil etilib, iqtisodiyotning turli tarmoqlarida kreditlarning samaradorligini oshirish bo‘yicha xulosalar keltirilgan.

  Salohidin Ibragimov

  420-427

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  SOVET DAVRIDA QASHQADARYO VOHASI AHOLISINING TARIXSHUNOSLIGI Sosoialistik davlat doirasida jamiyatining ijtimoiy tuzilish borasidagi o‘zgarishi ustivor maqsadini siyosiy rahbariyat jamiyatni ijtimoiy jihatidan bir xillashuvidan iborat deb biladi. Ijtimoiy tavofutlarga barham berilishi kishilar ijtimoiy tengligiga erishining zarur sharti deb qaraladi. Ijtimoiy bo‘linishning butun xilma-xilligi eng oddiy negizidan: ikkita “sotsialistik” ishchilar va kolxozchi dehqonlar sinflari, shuningdek ijtimoiy qatlam bo‘lgan “sotsialistik” ziyolilarga ajragan holda qat’iy qilib qo‘yildi.

  Sherzod Iskandarov

  428-437

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  VOHA AHOLISINING AN’ANAVIY TURAR JOYLAR Vohada o‘ziga xos lokal xususiyatli o‘zgarish jarayoni yangi texnologiyalarining kirib kelishi asosida turar joylarda ham o‘zgarishlar yuz bergan. Uylarning qurilishi bilan bog‘liq urf-odat va an’analarda ham marosimlar mavjud bo‘lib, unda mol so‘yib qon chiqarishgan. Aholining 90% i o‘timishi va bugungi kunga kelib mehmonxonalar qo‘ra boshladilar. Bu kabi an’ananing kengroq tarqalishi mahalliy aholi o‘rtasida o‘ziga xos yangi o‘zgarishlarga olib kelmoqda.

  Sherzod Iskandarov

  438-446

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  MUSTAQILLIK YILLARDA VOHA AHOLISINING TARIXSHUNOSLIGI O‘zbek xalqining hayotini tadqiq qilgan, bir qator o‘zbek olimlari ilmiy ishlarini olib borgan. Bu olimlarimiz tomonida o‘zbek xalqining urf-odatlar, an’analar hamda turmush-tarzidagi marosimlariga doir bir qator asarlar Akademik K Shoniyozov, I. Jabborov, O. Bo‘riev, T. Xo‘jamberdieva Z. Orifxonova, Q. Nasriddinov, A. Ashirov, F. Rahmonov, S. Davlatova, G. Tosheva kabi bir qator o‘zbek olimlarning ishlarida etnik o‘zlikning anglashga doir ma’lumotlar o‘z aksini topgan.

  Sherzod Iskandarov

  447-455

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