No. 1 (2025)

Articles

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  Non-native english-speaking teachers: challenges Non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) often confront an array of linguistic challenges that can significantly impact their professional confidence, classroom effectiveness, and career progression. These challenges arise from the intricate nature of language proficiency, encompassing various dimensions beyond basic grammatical competence, including phonological accuracy, vocabulary breadth, pragmatic appropriateness, and sociocultural knowledge.

  Asilbek Kenjebaev, A Sadullaeva

  73-75

  18   6

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  Qaraqalpaq xalíq dástanlarínda tús motiviniń qollanílíw ózgeshelikleri Tús haqqında kóp pikirler aytılǵan, jazılǵan, mine usı pikirlerdi bir jerge jıynap jámlew kóp waqıt hám úlken imkaniyattı talap etedi. Biraq tús arnawlı túrde az úyrenilgen. Sonıń ushın bul temadaǵı ilimiy ádebiyatlar barmaq penen sanap kórsetetuǵın sıyaqlı. Sonday bolsa da, ol barlıq dáwirlerde filosoflarda, tariyxshılarda, ádebiyatshılarda júdá úlken qızıǵıwshılıq oyatıp kelgen. Dáwirdiń rawajlanıwınıń barlıq basqıshlarında túske áhmiyet berilmegen jaǵdaydı kóre almaymız. Erte dáwirlerden-aq ata-babalarımız túske júdá úlken itibar menen qaraǵan, olardaǵı ramziy belgilerdiń sırı hám mánisin ańlawǵa háreket qılǵan. Mine usınıń nátiyjesi retinde, tústiń hártúrli jorılıwı kelip shıqqan. Qaraqalpaq xalıq dástanları xalıq awızeki dóretiwshiliginiń áhmiyetli janrlarınan biri bolıp, onda xalıqtıń tariyxı, mádeniyatı, dúnyaqarası hám isenimi sáwlelengen. Qaraqalpaq xalıq awızeki dóretiwshiligi, ásirese, dástanshılıq dástúri, xalıqtıń mádeniy miyrası, estetikalıq dúnya qarası hám ruwxıy qádiriyatlarınıń ayqın kórinisi ekenligi belgili. Bul dástanlarda tús motivi oraylıq orınlardan birin iyeleydi hám xalıqtıń arzıw-úmitleri, jeke insanıy isenimleri hám áyyemgi isenimleri menen tıǵız baylanıslı. Túsler arqalı waqıyalardıń rawajlanıwı, qaharmanlardıń ishki dúnyasınıń ashılıwı, sondayaq, joqarı ádep-ikramlılıq ideyalarınıń jámlengeni baqlanadı. Batırdıń tuwılıwı tuwralı xabar kóbinese onıń ata-anasınıń tús kóriwi, sol túste pirleriniń ayan beriwi arqalı ámelge asadı. Bul aytılǵan tús kóriw motivi biziń kórkem ádebiyatımızda jaqın arada payda bolǵan termin emes. Onıń túp-tamırı júdá tereńde, xalıq bolıp qáliplesip, awızeki ádebiyatı payda bolǵan waqıtlarda-aq jırawlar tárepinen onı dástanlarǵa ásirese qaharmanlıq hám ashıqlıq dástanlarǵa kórkemlew usıl retinde qosıp, ózleriniń aytar oyların ótkirlestiriw maqsetinde paydalanǵan. Folklorlıq qaharmannıń tús kóriwi burınnan kiyatırǵan motiv bolıp qaharmannıń batırlıǵın, aqıllılıǵın hám bolajaq islerdiń aldınnan boljanatuǵın kórsetetuǵın bolǵan.

  Aysholpan Kulımbetova

  75-77

  14   4

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  Sháryar dramasí hám dástaní ortasíndaǵí ózgeshelikler Qaraqalpaq xalqı uzaq waqıtlar dawamında turmıstıń hár qıylı tarawınan iri dástanlardı dóretken. Solardıń biri sociallıq turmıs máselelerin sóz etetuǵın dástanlar bolıp esaplanadı. Álbette, sociallıq turmıs temasına arnalǵan dástanlarda da qaharmanlıq hám liroepikalıq waqıyalar jiyi ushırasıp otıradı. Degen menen sociallıq turmıs sharayatlarınıń basım súwretleniwi menen qaharmanlıq yamasa liroepikalıq dástanlardan parq penen ayırılıp otıradı. Mısalı, «Sháryar» dástanı «Ǵárip ashıq» dástanınan qalay ayırılsa, al «Sháryar» dástanı óziniń ózgeshelikleri menen joqarıdaǵı eki dástannan da bólinip turadı. Sonlıqtan «Sháryar» tipindegi «Shiyrin Sheker», «Qanshayım», «Meńliqal», «Zarlıq-Muńlıq» qusaǵan dástanlardı sociallıq turmıs máselelerin sóz etetuǵın dástanlar dep júritemiz. Bul toparǵa kiretuǵın dástanlar haqqında geypara pikirler de jarıqqa shıqtı. Bulardıń ishinde «Sháryar» dástanı ayrıqsha qızıǵıwshılıq tuwdıradı. Dástan syujet qurılısı, til qurılısı jaǵınan qaraqalpaq dástanlarınıń ishindegi eń sulıwlarınıń birewi «Sháryar»dıń atqarılıwınıń eń jaqsı úlgilerin bergen Nurabılla jıraw mektebine kiretuǵın, Nurabıllanıń shákirti Qulamet jıraw, Nurabıllanıń balası Esemurat jıraw, Óteniyaz jırawlar ekenin aytıw kerek. Óteniyaz jıraw «Sháryar» dı Erpolat jırawdan úyrengen. Erpolat jıraw, Ábdirasúwli jıraw Nurabıllanı eń birinshi shákirtlerinen esaplanǵan. Solay etip «Sháryar» dástanınıń qolda bar variantlarınıń Nurabılla jıraw úlgisi tiykarında kelip jetken.

  Nargiza Kádirniyazova, Malika Palimbetova

  106-108

  18   4

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  Ájiniyaz shiǵarmalari túrk tilinde Ájiniyaz Qosıbay ulı – XIX ásirde ómir súrgen ullı qaraqalpaq shayırı, aǵartıwshısı, tereń oy iyesi. Ol xalqımızdıń arın arlaǵan muńın jırlaǵan, sóz qúdireti arqalı ádalat penen azatlıqtı ańsaǵan ullı tulǵa. Ájiniyaz shıǵarmalarında milliy ruwx, watansúyiwshilik penen adamgershilik ideyaları óz kórinisin tabadı.

  Altıngul Kaypanova

  109-111

  12   13

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  “Áyyemgi Qaraqalpaqlar” romaníníń ideya-tematikalíq ózgesheligi Ǵárezsizlik dáwiri qaraqalpaq prozası burın qol urılmaǵan temalarǵa, ideyalarǵa qálem terbetiwde, el tariyxında úlken ornı bar real shaxslardıń kórkem obrazın jaratıwda, qaharman xarakterin jasaw jolında burınǵı qatıp qalǵan kestelerden, stereotiplerden qutılıwda, jańasha janrlıq, stillik shoqqılardı iyelewde belgili tabıslarǵa eristi. Usınday jańa ideya-tematika hám janrlıq, stillik izlenisler menen sátli qálem terbetken jazıwshılardıń biri A.Ábdiev boldı.

  Azada Kaypbergenova

  111-113

  11   2

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  X. Dáwletnazarov poeziyasínda lirikalíq qaharman obrazí Házirgi kúnde qaraqalpaq ádebiyatında obrazlar sisteması, lirikalıq qaharman obrazları keń túrde úyrenilmekte. Lirikalıq qaharman obyektiv hám subyekiv elementtiń birliginen ibarat bolıp, shayırdıń ruwxıy dúnyasınıń baylıǵı, ózgesheligi bir-birinen ajıralmas túrde jámlengen boladı [1:14]. Demek, biz lirikada lirikalıq qaharman arqalı shayırdıń ruwxıy dúnyasın kóre alamız. Hárbir shayır óz qosıqlarınıń mazmunın, áhmiyetin, tásirsheńligin ashıp beriwde lirikalıq qaharman obrazınan paydalanadı. Haqıyqatshıl shayır dep atalǵan X.Dáwletnazarov qosıqlarıda tereń lirizim menen suwǵarılǵan bolıp, onda ótkir poetikalıq qatarlar, mazmunnıń tereńligi lirikalıq qaharman obrazları arqalı anıq jetkerilip berilgen.

  Bekziya Kosbergenova

  113-115

  13   2

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  Metaphor and metonymy in cognitive linguistics This article explores the pivotal role of metaphor and metonymy in cognitive linguistics, emphasizing their function not merely as stylistic devices but as fundamental mechanisms of human thought. Drawing on the foundational work of scholars such as Lakoff and Johnson, the study highlights how conceptual metaphors shape our understanding of abstract concepts through more concrete experiences. Similarly, metonymy is examined as a cognitive tool that enables mental associations within a conceptual domain. By analyzing real-life language examples, the article demonstrates how these cognitive processes influence language structure, meaning, and usage. The paper concludes that metaphor and metonymy are central to meaning-making and are deeply embedded in our everyday linguistic and cognitive practices. These processes not only reflect how we perceive the world but also actively construct our worldview. Understanding them enhances our insight into the intricate relationship between language, mind, and culture.

  Muxlisa Rixsitillayeva, Z Umirova

  116-118

  26   17

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  Interlinguistic correspondence of multilevel means of expressing the meaning of modality in english and russian Belonging to one group of world languages (Indo-European), English and Russian have analogues in the system of means of expressing modality - as a lexical-grammatical category expressing the relation of an action to reality, established by the speaker.ln English and Russian modality is expressed by both grammatical and lexical means. However, for the typological characteristics of language, grammatical means of expressing the meaning of modality are of great importance. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct an analysis of interlingual correspondence of different-level means of expressing modality in English and Russian, in terms of comparing the grammatical means of its expression. «Язык,как важнейшее и удивительно совершенное средство человечес-кого общения,средство обмена мыслями,может выполнять эти разнообразные и сложные функции потому,что он представляет собой весьма гибкую и в то же время отлично организованную систему» [ 1 ;5].

  D Seytova, N Kadirbaeva

  119-120

  18   4

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  O’zbek tilshunosligining nazariy masalalari Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek tilshunosligining nazariy masalalari, tarixiy taraqqiyoti va dolzarb muammolari yoritilgan. Tilshunoslik fanining asosiy yo'nalishlari, xususan morfologiya, fonetika, sintaksis, leksikologiya kabi bo'limlari misolida nazariy tadqiqotlarning shakllanishi va taraqqiyoti haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Mahmud Qashg'ariy, Alisher Navoiy kabi tarixiy shaxslar bilan bir qatorda, zamonaviy olimlar - R. Sayfullayeva, O. Yusupova, N. Mahkamov va boshqalar ilmiy izlanishlari asosida tilshunoslikda olib borilayotgan tadqiqotlar tahlil qilinadi.

  Jorabek Sunatov, Farangiz Zikrillaeva, Mokhinur Saydulloeva, Nigina Normamatova

  121-123

  24   15

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  Typological categories in linguistics The typological category in linguistics is intercategory. This feature contrasts it with the traditional grammatical category, which is characterized as a monocategory category.

  D Seytova, A Sarsenbaeva, M Sabirbaeva

  120-121

  12   9

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  Jаhon аdаbiyotshunosligi rivoji Ushbu maqolada XX asr 20-yillarida O'zbckiston matbuotida jahon adabiyoti masalalarining yoritilishi, adabiy tanqid va tahlilning rivojlanishi, shuningdek, jahon adabiyotining buyuk vakillari - Robindranat Tagor, Uilyam Shekspir va boshqalar ijodining o'zbek adabiyotshunosligida aks etishi tahlil qilingan. Maqolada Cho'lpon, Izzat Sulton, Rafiali kabi adiblar va tadqiqotchilar tomonidan jahon adabiyotining o‘zbek matbuotida qanday talqin etilganiga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.

  Jo’rabek Sunatov, Farangiz Zikrillaeva, Gulrukhsor Alisherova, Mushtariy Dustmurodova

  124-126

  15   4

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  Amaliy tilshunoslik masalalari Ushbu maqolada amaliy tilshunoslikning shakllanishi, rivojlanishi va zamonaviy muammolari keng qamrovda tahlil qilingan. Tilshunoslik nazariyasining real hayotdagi qo’llanilishi, xususan, til o’qitish, tarjima, til siyosati va madaniyatlararo muloqot kabi sohalarda amaliy yondashuvlarning qanday ahamiyat kasb etishi yoritilgan. Mualliflar texnologiya, globallashuv, inklyuzivlik va madaniy xilma-xillikning tilga ta’siri, fanlararo integratsiyaning zarurligi va istiqbollari haqida fikr yuritgan. Shuningdek, psixologiya, sotsiologiya, kognitiv fanlar bilan uzviy bog’liq holda til muammolarini hal qilishda fanlararo yondashuvning roli ham asoslab berilgan.

  Jorabek Sunatov, Farangiz Zikrillaeva, Ramziddin Shermatov, Makhmadiyor Rozimurodov

  126-128

  27   4

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  Аналитическая форма глаголов в английском и каракалпакском языках Аналитическая форма глагола - закономерное явление в развитии языка, занимающее особое место в его грамматическом строе и выполняющее в нем сложную функцию. На основе всестороннего исследования грамматического строя формируется теория грамматики. В связи с этим исследование аналитической формы глагола, характеризующая сложную структуру грамматики, имеет особую важность. Английская аналитическая форма на протяжении всей истории развития английского языка отличалась параллельным развитием двух сторон сложного раздельнооформленного идиоматического образования. Развитие аналитической формы не было однонаправленным, то есть таким, когда эти формы никак не осложнялись и развивались прямолинейно, в одном единственном направлении: от большого полновесного значения модального глагола к так называемому вспомогательному глаголу, всё более “убывающему” как по форме, так и по содержанию.

  N Satullaeva, Rakhima Jumabaeva

  128-129

  16   2

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  The comparative analysis of modal verbs in english and uzbek Modal verbs play a significant role in expressing modality, such as ability, permission, obligation, and possibility, across languages. This article provides a comparative analysis of modal verbs in English and Uzbek, identifying both similarities and differences. While English relies on a fixed set of auxiliary modal verbs, Uzbek employs a more flexible combination of lexical items, auxiliary verbs, and grammatical constructions to express modality. The study reveals that although both languages cover similar semantic fields, their structural and syntactic realizations differ substantially. Understanding these distinctions enhances cross-linguistic competence and supports more effective translation, language teaching, and linguistic research.

  Bekpolat Sarsenbaev, Nazira Naimova

  130-131

  10   6

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  Сопоставительный анализ залоговых значений глаголов каракалпакского и английского языков Грамматическая категория залога, в основе которой лежат отношения между действием, его агенсом и объектом действия, относится к числу наиболее ранних языковых категорий и имеет статус языковой универсалии, поскольку лежащие в ее основе отношения имеют большое значение в жизнедеятельности человека и характере взаимоотношений человека с окружающим миром. Залоговые отношения находят свое выражение в той или иной форме, грамматической или неграмматическои, во всех языках мира, и изучению этих отношении уделяется большое внимание на протяжении всей истории развития лингвистики. На значимость залоговых отношений в языке указывает и тот факт, что как в русском, так и в английском языке залоговые значения имеют множественные способы языковой репрезентации и включают не только морфологические, но и лексические и словообразовательные средства, вся совокупность которых образует функциональносемантическое поле залоговости. [Бондарко, 1972; Медведева, 1983].

  N Satullaeva, A Esbergenova

  131-134

  16   4

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  Tradition and innovation in modern kazakh-karakalpak poetry For national poetry, reflecting on past history is a sacred pursuit, equivalent to searching for lost roots. This theme has never ceased to exist in Kazakh-Karakalpak poetry. Even during the oppressive eras of Tsarist Russia and the Soviet regime, our poets and writers did not shy away from portraying the contours and figures of historical memory in their works. This is because the issue is closely tied to a nation's self-identity and its understanding of its own place and stature. In today's poetry, this tradition has found new life. Contemporary poems and epics revisit the once-silenced pages of history and the figures who fell victim to past political repression, offering fresh poetic interpretations and restoring them to their rightful place. Folk legends and other cultural legacies are now being celebrated within the broader framework of global civilization and spiritual values. The past is being reevaluated with new perspectives and insights. When poets turn to historical themes, the melodies of poems and laments naturally echo in their minds and hearts. To capture the true essence and reality of past eras, no tune is more fitting than that of the era itself. In Kazakh-Karakalpak poetry, the poetic tradition of the zhyrau (bards) continues to shine as a vivid example of artistic expression, carrying its spirit from century to century.

  Shirin Smamutova, Asel Sisenbayeva

  136-138

  20   4

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  O‘zbek tilining xorijdа o‘qitilishi Ushbu maqolada o'zbek tilining xorijda o'qitilishining dolzarb jihatlari, amaliy yo'nalishlari va metodik asoslari tahlil etilgan. O'zbckistonning xalqaro miqyosdagi faolligi ortib borishi bilan o'zbek tiliga bo'lgan qiziqish ham kengaymoqda. AQSh, Rossiya, Janubiy Koreya, Xitoy, Turkiya kabi mamlakatlarda o'zbek tilini o'rgatish bo'yicha faoliyat olib borayotgan markazlar, universitetlar va ta’lim platformalari haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

  Jorabek Sunatov, Madina Xusenova, Makhliyo Sanaeva, Farangiz Zikrillaeva

  139-141

  10   2

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  Grammatical errors in digital communication: causes, impact, and solutions The rapid expansion of Internet technologies and social media platforms has fundamentally altered modes of human communication. While offering unprecedented ease and speed, these digital platforms have simultaneously contributed to a discernible deterioration of grammatical standards. This article examines the distinct features of online language, identifies the principal causes behind grammatical errors in digital communication, assesses their impact on education and society, and proposes strategic interventions to mitigate these linguistic challenges. The findings underscore the necessity for enhancing digital literacy and reinforcing formal language education in the digital age.

  Bakhitli Serdalieva, Samira Sharibaeva

  134-135

  13   15

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  Mаdаniyаtlаrаro muloqotning аhаmiyаti Mazkur maqolada madaniyatlararo muloqot tushunchasi, uning zamonaviy globallashuv davridagi dolzarbligi hamda ijtimoiy, madaniy va iqtisodiy hayotdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Turli madaniyatlarga mansub insonlar o‘rtasidagi muloqotning murakkabligi, madaniy kompetensiya, ramziy tushunchalar farqi, og‘zaki va og'zaki bo'lmagan muloqot shakllari haqida atroflicha so‘z yuritilgan. Madaniyatlararo tafovutlar insonlar orasida noto‘g‘ri tushunish, ishonch yo'qolishi va muomala muvaffaqiyatsizligiga olib kelishi mumkinligi misoliar bilan asoslab berilgan.

  Jurabek Sunatov, Sevara Toshmurodova, Ezozabonu Anvarova, Farangiz Zikrillaeva

  141-143

  14   6

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  An exceptional legacy of Ibrayim Yusupov – lifelong lessons for every reader Ibrayim Yusupov’s poetry masterfully embodies the Karakalpak cultural heritage, its national identity vividly portrayed through uniquely and intensely descriptive verses that reveal his undeniable talent in every meticulously crafted line. The unique style and captivating descriptions in his poems offer a powerful window into the real life of the Karakalpak people, revealing a poetic talent evident in every word.

  Dilbar Tursinbaeva, Alfiya Sadullaeva

  144-146

  14   15

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  O‘zbek va ingliz tillarida to‘y bilan bog‘liq leksik birliklar tadqiqi: tilshunoslikda to‘y bilan bo‘gliq leksik birliklarning o‘rganilishi Ushbu maqolada o'zbek va ingliz tillarida to‘y bilan bo‘gliq leksik birliklarning o'rganilishi umumiy tasnifi berilgan. Shuningdek, tilshunoslikda to‘y bilan bo'gliq leksik birliklarning o'rganilishi hamda o'zbek va ingliz to'y so'zining semantik va lingvokulturologik tahlil va muhokama qilingan. Shuningdek, to’y bilan bog’liq leksik birliklarning ishlatilishlarining o’xshash va qarama qarshiliklari ko’rib chiqilgan. Tilshunoslikda to'y bilan bo'gliq leksik birliklarning o'rganilishi, to'y bilan boq'liq urf-odat udumlarini onomosiologik tadqiqi, to'y leksemasini ma'no va etimologiyasi haqida tarixiy yozma manbalarda anchagina qiziqarli fikrlar mavjud. Muallif o'zbek nikoh to'yining barcha jarayonlariga: sovchilik, fotiha, bevosita nikoh to'yi urf-odatlariga va to'ydan keyin o'tkaziladigan udumlarga alohida e'tibor qaratadi. Etnografiyaning nazariy muammolari sirasiga kiruvchi ma'naviy madaniyatning muhim qismi bo'lgan oila-nikoh tnasalalariga bag'ishlangan tadqiqot qarashlari keltirlgan. Maqola, lingvokulturologiya fenomeniga qiziqish ortib borayotgani, til, madaniyat, antropologiya, etnolingvistika va ko'p tilli shaxsni rivojlantirish asoslari, madaniyatlararo muloqot sharoitida nutq xatti-harakatlarining sotsial-madaniy normalari kabi muammolarni muqarrar ravishda dolzarb qiladi. Shuningdek, har qanday xalqning to‘y bilan bog‘liq til madaniyati, urf-odatlari, marosimlari nuqtayi nazaridangina tushunishga yordam beradi.

  Lola Uzakova, Abdulboriy Makhamadibrokhimov

  146-149

  11   12

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  Leksik kompetensiyani shakllantirishda kompetensiyaviy yondashuvning o’rni va ahamiyati Maqolaning nazariy-metodologik asosi sifatida kompetensiyaviy yondashuv xizmat qiladi.Leksik kompetensiya - bu muloqot ishtirokchisining muayyan nutqiy vaziyatda so'zning kontekstual ma’nosini aniqlash, uning ikki tildagi ma’no hajmini taqqoslash, so‘z ma’nosining tuzilishini tushunish va undan nutqiy hamda lingvokulturologik vaziyatga muvofiq foydalanish qobiliyati bo'lib, u leksik bilimlar, ko'nikmalar, malakalar, shuningdek, shaxsiy til va nutq tajribasiga asoslanadi.

  Guljakhan Khabibullaeva

  149-151

  6   12

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  How to become an english teacher: a step-by-step guide This article provides a clear and practical guide for individuals aspiring to become English teachers. It covers the essential steps, including understanding the responsibilities of an English teacher, completing the necessary education, obtaining teaching certifications like TEFL or TESOL, gaining hands-on teaching experience, and applying for teaching positions. The article also emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and professional development for long-term success in the field. Aimed at a general audience, it offers accessible advice for those interested in pursuing a career in English language education, whether locally or internationally.

  Guljanay Xojabaeva, R Seilkhanova

  152-153

  12   5

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  Enhancing english language learning through social media platforms This research paper is dedicated to the analysis of the role of social media in improving English language learning and what methods or teaching approaches can be applied during English classes while using social media. It also sheds some light on how social media is effectively used by teachers. Research findings show that YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Telegram can help most students to improve their English language acquisition. This can be supported by modern pedogogical methods, including Flipped Learning, Task-Based Learning, Collaborative Projects and Gamification. When used thoughtfully, social media can offer numerous benefits, such as boosting student motivation and participation, real-life language exposure, digital literacy and peer learning.

  Diorbek Ashirov, F Atashova

  158-160

  14   13

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  The Aral Sea and its shrinkage Once the fourth-largest inland lake in the world, the Aral Sea has suffered dramatic shrinkage since the mid-20th century. This article delves into the causes and consequences of the sea’s decline, focusing on water mismanagement during the Soviet era and ongoing environmental impacts. It also explores current and proposed efforts to mitigate the disaster and restore the regional ecosystem.

  G Baxtibaeva, G Keulimjaeva

  160-162

  14   5

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