№ 11 (2025) Models and methods in modern science

Ushbu maqolada kompyuter terminologiyasi tizimi kognitiv yondashuv asosida o‘rganiladi. Kognitiv tilshunoslik nazariyasi asosida axborotni idrok etish, qayta ishlash va tushunish jarayonlari tilshunoslik obyektlari – terminlar orqali tahlil qilinadi. Kompyuter sohasida shakllangan atamalar inson tafakkuri va tushunchasining mahsuli sifatida ko‘rilib, ularning konseptual mazmuni, semantik tuzilishi hamda madaniy-mantiqiy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada, shuningdek, kognitiv yondashuvning lingvistik terminologiyani tizimlashtirish va tahlil qilishdagi afzalliklari ko‘rsatiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari kompyuter terminologiyasini chuqurroq anglash va uni tilshunoslik, tarjimashunoslik, informatika fanlari bilan bog‘liq holda tahlil etishga imkon beradi.

This article highlights the causes of the environmental crisis related to the Aral Sea, its negative consequences, and the measures being taken to mitigate them. Once the fourth largest inland sea in the world, the Aral Sea played a vital role in the climate, agriculture, fishing industry, and livelihoods of the people in Central Asia. However, from the second half of the 20th century, water from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers was diverted inefficiently for cotton irrigation through wasteful irrigation systems. This led to the drying up of the Aral Sea and the emergence of a major ecological disaster. A new desert named Aralkum has formed on the former seabed, spreading millions of tons of salty dust annually. This has increased respiratory, cardiovascular, blood, and skin diseases, particularly leukemia and developmental disorders among children. The climate has drastically changed: the air is drier, summers hotter, and winters colder. Shortages of drinking water and poor sanitation have led to the spread of infectious diseases. However, positive measures are being taken to mitigate the problem. Kazakhstan has restored the Small Aral Sea, and in Uzbekistan, saxaul trees are being planted in the Aralkum desert. Effective water resource management, environmental education, improved healthcare services, and international cooperation are proposed as key solutions to stabilize life in the Aral Sea region.

This article scientifically reveals the socio-pedagogical significance of recreational tourism, its role in the upbringing of the younger generation and the tasks it performs in the socialization of society. The issues of ensuring the physical, mental and spiritual development of young people through the use of the pedagogical potential of recreational tourism are analyzed. Also, the pedagogical conditions necessary for the implementation of recreational activities, the mechanisms of their effective organization and methodological aspects are considered in detail. During the study, the possibilities of recreational tourism in developing the social competencies of young people were highlighted, and scientific and methodological recommendations were developed on the existing problems in this area and their solutions.

Mazkur maqolada yashil qurilish tushunchasi, uning asosiy tamoyillari, afzalliklari va joriy etilishining zarurati haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Ekologik barqarorlik, energiya samaradorligi va resurslardan oqilona foydalanish kabi tamoyillar asosida qurilish sohasi modernizatsiya qilinmoqda. Yashil qurilishga o‘tish bugungi kunning ekologik va iqtisodiy muammolarini bartaraf etishda muhim vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

В данной работе обсуждаются вопросы, связанные со свойствами дифференцируемости логарифмический потенциалов, и изучается аналог теоремы Киши для логарифмический потенциала. Также доказывается, что при некоторых достаточных условиях, наложенных на Лебегов меру , логарифмической потенциал  принадлежит классу .

В статье рассматриваются взаимоотношения романтизма и реализма в русской литературе XIX века. Отмечается, что эти направления не только противостояли друг другу, но и активно взаимодействовали, взаимно обогащая художественную традицию. Особое внимание уделено влиянию романтизма на психологизм реалистических произведений и постепенному переходу писателей от романтического стиля к реалистическому. Делается вывод о значимости этого диалога для формирования классической русской литературы.

The significance of a successful collaboration between state and civil society institutions in guaranteeing a prosperous life in Uzbekistan is examined in this article. Civil society institutions are defined as organizations that represent the interests of citizens, exercise public control, and maintain social stability, whereas state institutions are seen as the primary structures in charge of carrying out legal, political, and social functions. The article emphasizes the key tenets, legal underpinnings, and pragmatic importance of these institutions’ social partnership.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations, current status, existing opportunities, and challenges to be addressed for tourism development in Andijan region. Additionally, in the context of global trends in modern tourism, strategic measures necessary to transform Andijan into a competitive tourist zone are proposed. At the end of the article, the author offers specific suggestions and recommendations.

Ушбу мақолада Иккинчи жаҳон уруши даврида маҳаллий ва юртимизга кўчиб келган олимлар билан биргаликда олиб борилган тарихий тадқиқотлар, уларнинг натижалари, топиб ўрганилган археологик ёдгорликлар ҳақида маълумотлар берилади.

Ushbu maqolada matnshunoslik haqida ma'lumot, matn bilan ishlash uslubiyati, bibliografiya sohasi, O‘zbekiston hududida matnshunoslik sohasining rivojlanishi to‘g‘risida ma'lumotlar keltirilgan.

В статье рассматриваются психологические и педагогические аспекты формирования эмоционального интеллекта (ЭИ) у младших школьников. Описаны ключевые компоненты ЭИ, возрастные особенности эмоционального развития детей 6–10 лет и основные методики воспитания эмоциональной компетентности в школе. Приведены практические рекомендации для педагогов и родителей, включая моделирование эмоциональных ситуаций, развитие эмпатии и регуляции эмоций. Обоснована значимость эмоционального интеллекта для успешной адаптации и учебной мотивации младших школьников.

"Art plays a fundamental role in shaping the aesthetic culture of individuals. In the context of higher education, the use of traditional artistic tools in teaching can foster critical thinking, creativity, and cultural identity among students. The rich cultural heritage of Khorezm provides a unique set of artistic tools that can be utilized to enhance students' aesthetic culture and their understanding of the world." Art plays a central role in shaping the aesthetic culture of individuals, influencing not only their perception of beauty but also their worldview, creativity, and cognitive development. Aesthetic culture is a critical component of a well-rounded education, especially in the context of higher learning, where it contributes to the formation of moral values, cultural identity, and intellectual curiosity. In this regard, the integration of regional art forms into educational curricula offers unique opportunities for cultivating a deeper understanding of cultural heritage, artistic expression, and creativity.

Ushbu maqolada pul-kredit siyosatining iqtisodiy mohiyati, uning asosiy vositalari va maqsadlari, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi misolida ushbu siyosatning iqtisodiy jarayonlarga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Pul-kredit siyosati orqali inflyatsiya darajasi, pul massasi, foiz stavkalari va valyuta kurslari kabi ko‘rsatkichlar boshqarilib, iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantirish maqsad qilingan.

Ushbu maqolada, innovatsion ko‘rsatkichlar, qurulishlarni atrof- muhitga ta’siri, foyda rentabelligi.

Maqolada qoraqalpoq sur qorako‘l qo‘ylarini mahsuldorligining namoyon bo‘lishi, ularning mahsuldorlik xususiyatlarini oshirishda olimlarning olib borgan tadqiqot ishlari, rangbarangliklari, olib borilgan naslchilik ishlari natijasida yaratilgan zavod tiplari to‘g‘risidagi ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Mazkur maqolada buxgalteriya hisobining vujudga kelish tarixi, uning dastlabki shakllari, rivojlanish bosqichlari va zamonaviy buxgalteriya tizimining shakllanishi yoritib beriladi. Tarixiy jihatdan buxgalteriya hisobi dastlab oddiy ro‘yxat yuritish ko‘rinishida mavjud bo‘lgan bo‘lsa, keyinchalik iqtisodiy muomalalar murakkablashuvi bilan birga tizimli shaklga ega bo‘lgan. Maqolada qadimgi Mesopotamiya, Misr, Yunoniston, Rim va ayniqsa, XIV-XV asrlarda Italiyadagi ikkiyoqlama yozuv tamoyilining paydo bo‘lishi muhim tarixiy bosqich sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Buxgalteriya hisobi taraqqiyoti bilan birga u iqtisodiy nazorat, menejment, moliyaviy rejalashtirish va strategik qarorlar qabul qilishda muhim vositaga aylangan.

Ushbu maqolada davlat tomonidan iqtisodiyotni tartibga solishning asosiy usullari, ularning iqtisodiy o‘sish va barqarorlikka ta’siri, shuningdek, zamonaviy tartibga solish mexanizmlarining samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Fiskal va monetar siyosat, davlat buyurtmalari, subsidiyalar, soliqlar va boshqa tartibga solish vositalarining amaliyotdagi o‘rni ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston misolida iqtisodiyotni tartibga solish yo‘nalishlari yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada rivojlangan va rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar misolida tadbirkorlik faoliyatini qo‘llab-quvvatlashning samarali mexanizmlari, institutsional asoslari va davlat siyosatining roli yoritilgan. Xususan, AQSH, Germaniya, Janubiy Koreya va Estoniya kabi mamlakatlar tajribasi o‘rganilib, O‘zbekiston sharoitida qo‘llash mumkin bo‘lgan yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Maqolada shuningdek, inkubatsiya markazlari, soliq imtiyozlari, raqamli platformalar orqali tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha amaliy tajribalarga ham alohida e’tibor qaratiladi.

Ushbu maqolada bir kunlik isitma, uning, bosqichlari va sabablari haqida so‘z boradi.

Ushbu maqolada stomatologik amaliyotda uchraydigan gipesteziya holati — ya’ni og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i va yuz-jag‘ sohasidagi sezuvchanlikning pasayishi muammosi yoritilgan. Gipesteziyaning asosiy sabablari, klinik belgilari va tashxis qo‘yish usullari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, davo choralarining zamonaviy yondashuvlari va profilaktik tadbirlar haqida ma’lumot berilgan.Maqola stomatologik jarrohlikdan so‘ng yuzaga keladigan asoratlarni o‘z vaqtida aniqlash va samarali davolash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi.

This article analyzes the effectiveness and results of career-oriented psychological consultations in eliminating problems that arise in the process of choosing a profession for adolescents. The difficulties of young people in the process of professional self-determination, the content, methods of conducting psychological consultations and their practical effectiveness are studied. During the study, psychological counseling programs were tested to help adolescents understand their professional interests, make decisions and ensure motivational stability, and the results were analytically substantiated. Also, the positive impact of the consultation process on increasing self-confidence in adolescents, reducing identity crises and future professional planning activities is illustrated with experimental examples.

This article provides a comparative morphological analysis of affixes in the Uzbek and Turkish languages, focusing on their grammatical, derivational, and syntactic functions. As members of the Turkic language family, both Uzbek and Turkish exhibit agglutinative morphological structures, wherein affixes serve as the primary means of expressing grammatical relationships and word formation. The study explores similarities and differences in affix usage, productivity, and semantic transparency. It also examines how affixes reflect historical language development and contemporary linguistic evolution. The research contributes to broader understanding of Turkic linguistics and morphological typology through detailed analysis of affixation mechanisms in both languages.

Ushbu maqola jurnalistlar va blogerlarning mediada tutgan o'rni va ularning o'zaro ta'sirini tahlil qiladi. Jurnalistlarning axborotni ishonchli va to'g'ri tarzda tarqatishdagi roli, shuningdek, blogerlarning shaxsiy fikr va tajribalarini keng auditoriyaga etkazishdagi ahamiyati ko'rsatilgan. Maqolada, ular o'rtasidagi hamkorlik va raqobat, shuningdek, raqamli jurnalistikaning kelajagi hamda ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning rivojlanishi o'rganilgan.

This article examines the legal regime governing beneficial ownership within civil law jurisdictions, analyzing how these systems conceptualize, regulate, and implement beneficial ownership transparency requirements. Unlike common law systems that rely on trust structures and equitable ownership concepts, civil law jurisdictions have developed distinct approaches to beneficial ownership that reflect their codified legal traditions and emphasis on direct ownership rights.

This article analyzes the socio-pedagogical significance of the process of socialization of students through the use of a gender approach in the professional training of future teachers. Taking into account the principles of gender equality, the role of the teacher in shaping his professional activity, strengthening his social responsibility and establishing interpersonal equality is highlighted. Also, the effectiveness of socialization strategies based on a gender approach in the pedagogical process, practical mechanisms and methodological approaches are theoretically and practically substantiated. The article considers the role of future teachers in developing gender sensitivity in students during the educational process, combating stereotypes, and ensuring social harmony in society as the main point of view.