№ 11 (2025) Models and methods in modern science

В статье рассматриваются типичные следственные ситуации, возникающие при расследовании наркопреступлений, совершаемых с использованием сети Интернет. Автором проанализированы особенности квалификации деяний, предусмотренных статьями 296, 297, 299 и 299‑1 Уголовного кодекса Республики Казахстан, с учётом цифровой специфики механизмов совершения преступлений. Отдельное внимание уделено последствиям законодательных изменений, вступивших в силу в 2025 году, а именно — исключению п. 5 ч. 3 ст. 297 УК РК, что повлияло на практику квалификации онлайн-сбыта. В работе обобщены следственные практики, связанные с виртуальными сделками, автоматизированным сбытом через Telegram-ботов, склонением несовершеннолетних, пропагандой и рекламой наркотиков в цифровой среде.

This scientific article investigates the effect of microbiological preparations on the stem growth of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.). The preparations Fitovak, Teria-S, Yer Malhami, as well as their combinations, were applied against three different mineral fertilizer backgrounds: P₉₀K₆₀, N₃₀P₉₀K₆₀ and N₆₀P₉₀K₆₀. Plant stem height was measured at the stages of budding, flowering, and pod formation. The highest results were observed in the variant where Teria-S was applied on the P₉₀K₆₀ background. Specifically, the stem height reached 54.9 cm at the budding stage, 70.7 cm during flowering, and 76.2 cm at the pod formation stage. Furthermore, high effectiveness was also recorded with the N₃₀P₉₀K₆₀ background when Teria-S was applied, with stem height reaching 72.8 cm during the pod formation stage. On the N₆₀P₉₀K₆₀ background, the application of Teria-S led to an increase in stem height up to 73.8 cm. In some cases, the combined use of the biostimulant Fitovak and the biological preparation Yer Malhami resulted in comparatively lower values.

This paper explores the role of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in developing international legal strategies to regulate the evolving digital and cyber-information environment. The rise of globalization, coupled with digital transformation, necessitates a coordinated legal response to new socio-economic relationships in cyberspace. While countries like the Russian Federation express interest in joint regulation, political barriers such as sanctions complicate practical cooperation. The study emphasizes the contributions of UN bodies like DESA, UNESCO, and WIPO in addressing cybersecurity, digital heritage, and ICT development. Furthermore, two competing conceptual approaches to cyberlaw—legal pluralism vs. strict legal regulation—are analyzed. The paper concludes that only through balanced global governance and preventive legal mechanisms can cyberspace become a secure, inclusive digital ecosystem.

In modern pedagogy, the quality indicators of education are determined not only by the level of knowledge transmission but also by the students' ability to apply acquired knowledge in practice, their independent thinking skills, and the alignment of assessment with their individual development trajectories. This situation demands a fundamental reform of the educational assessment system. Especially in preparing future teachers for assessment activities, traditional approaches are gradually losing their effectiveness. From this perspective, assessment methods based on the constructivist approach are gaining increasing relevance.

This article analyzes the pedagogical potential of using samples of oral folk art to develop the artistic and aesthetic abilities of primary school pupils. It highlights modern requirements for aesthetic education, the didactic functions of folklore genres, and the mechanisms for their integration into the educational process. The study describes ways to foster figurative thinking and aesthetic sensitivity through dramatic expression, visual activities, and creative writing. The inclusion of folk art is substantiated as a relevant methodological direction for competence-based education.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy o‘zbek estrada san’atining rivojlanish bosqichlari va o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari yoritiladi. Unda zamonaviy estrada san’atining ilk namunalari, mustaqillikdan keyingi erkin rivojlanish jarayoni haqida so‘z boradi.

Ushbu maqolada tanqidiy fikrlash tushunchasi, uning bosqichlari va tarkibiy jihatlari hamda o‘quvchilarda tanqidiy fikrlashni shakllantirishga yo‘naltirilgan pedagogik jarayon tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, tanqidiy fikrlashni rivojlantirishda kognitiv yondashuvlarning tutgan o‘rni, ta’lim jarayonidagi kognitiv bilish faoliyati bilan bo‘ladigan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi yoritib beriladi.

Speech acts represent essential tools of interpersonal communication, but their realization is deeply rooted in the linguistic and cultural norms of a speech community. In this regard, the performance of speech acts such as greetings, expressions of gratitude, apologies, address forms, and small talk can reveal much about a culture’s values, power structures, and interpersonal expectations. This article provides a comparative linguocultural analysis of selected speech acts in English, Uzbek, and Karakalpak languages, using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory and Triandis’s model of individualism and collectivism. Through a focused analysis of real examples, the study highlights how cultural context shapes pragmatic behavior across these three languages. (Hofstede 2001; Triandis 1995)