№ 4 (2025) Journal of Universal Science Research "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman

Ushbu tezisda Qayrog‘och (Ulmus uzbekistanica Drop.) — O‘zbekistonning tog‘oldi va vodiy hududlariga xos bo‘lgan qadimiy barg to‘kuvchi daraxt turi bo‘lib, vegetatsiya davrida kurtaklarining uyg‘onishi muhim fenologik bosqich hisoblanishi, kurtaklarning uyg‘onish muddati, daraxtning sog‘lig‘i, joylashgan joyi (ekspozitsiya), tuproq tarkibi va harorat rejimi to`g`risida ma’luot berib o`tild.

Рассматриваются вопросы экологической оценки уровней загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в северных и южных районах Республики Каракалпакстан. Установлено, что средний за исследуемый период показатель удельного веса нестандартных проб атмосферного воздуха в северных районах республики по содержанию пыли практически аналогичен от показателя, зафиксированного в южных районах республики (соответственно 17,48±5,1% и 18,57±2,3%). 

Проблема воздействия автомобиля на окружающую среду и здоровье человека является актуальной в настоящее время. Автотранспорт оказывает отрицательное воздействие на качество окружающей среды, вызывая загрязнение гидроресурсов, земельных ресурсов и растительного мира. Особую экологическую проблему представляет вибрация, возникающая при движении автомобиля. Она воздействует не только на водителя и пассажиров, но и передается через дорожное покрытие в окружающее пространство. Многогранность и сложность структуры предприятий автомобильного транспорта, выполняемых работ, используемого технологического оборудования предопределяют многообразие форм и направлений загрязнения окружающей среды [2].

Причины экологической опасности для индивидуального и общественного здоровья в первую очередь связаны с увеличением антропогенных нагрузок на окружающую среду. Одним из наиболее важных факторов среды с точки зрения возможного влияния на здоровье населения был и будет химический состав атмосферного воздуха. Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха соле-пылевым выносом со дна высохшей части Аральского моря, и пыльные бури приводят к обострению хронических заболеваний особенно органов дыхания: хронических бронхитов, бронхиальной астмы.

Ushbu maqolada hozirgi kunda insoniyatni tashvishga solayotgan muamolardan biri atmosferani ifloslantiruvchi moddalar va ularning turlari haqida ma’lumot keltirilgan.

Ushbu tadqiqot Qoraqalpog’iston Respublikasining Ustyurt platosida Lepidoptera (kapalaklar) faunasining bioekologik xususiyatlari va xilma-xilligini o‛rganishga bag’ishlangan. 2025 yilning mart va aprel o‛tkazilgan dala tadqiqotlari natijasida 17 ga yaqin tur aniqlanib, ulardan 1 tasi O‛zbekistonning “Qizil kitobi”ga kiritilgan noyob turlar sifatida qayd etildi. Tadqiqotda turlarning tarqalishi, trofik aloqalari va antropogen omillarning tasiri tahlil qilindi. Ustyurt platosining ekologik monitoringi va noyob turlarni muhofaza qilish bo‛yicha takliflar ishlab chiqildi. Tadqiqot natijalari Markaziy Osiyo cho‛l ekotizimlarining bioxilma-xilligini saqlashga xizmat qiladi.

Ushbu maqolada badiiy tarjima jarayonida lingvistik xususiyatlarning ahamiyati, tarjimada milliy rang, madaniy tafovutlar va ularning tarjima sifati va tushunilishiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Muallif J. Londonning “Hayotga muhabbat” hikoyasi asosida lingvistik va madaniy o‘ziga xosliklarning tarjimada qanday aks etishi va tarjimon tomonidan qanday yondashuvlar qo‘llanilishi lozimligi haqida misollar keltiradi. Tarjimonning kommunikativ ta’sirni saqlab qolishdagi roli, madaniy neytrallikni saqlashi va lingvomadaniy farqlarga asoslangan yondashuvlarning zarurligi asoslab beriladi.

This research paper in translation investigates domestication and foreignization as primary two methods which maintain the uniqueness of a text for the target audience and how these two strategies can be applied in the translation of short stories in order to make it valuable material to explore inclusive cross-cultural understanding. Concerning cultural and ideological values within historical and social factors, this research work covers foreign elements which are pivotal in the comprehension of how cultural adaptation functions in translation.

This research analyzes examples of alliterations semantically as well as their translation methods and techniques found in “The Tales of Beedle the Bard” by J.K. Rowling.

The issues of humor translation in works of fiction are always relevant due to cultural and historical features. This paper examines the difficulties that arise when translating a comic based on the work "Monday Begins on Saturday" by A. N. and B. N. Strugatsky, which is the novelty of the study. The purpose of the work is to examine the comic moments of the original text and their translation in order to identify the transformations applied and determine whether the comic effect has been preserved.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilidagi futbol terminlarini oʻzbek tiliga tarjima qilishda uchraydigan asosiy muammolar, yechimlar va yutuqlar yoritilgan. Tarjimada kontekstga moslik, xalqaro tajriba, texnologik yangiliklar va sport jurnalistikasi tili alohida e’tiborda tahlil qilingan.

This article contains information about the social system depicted in Animal Farm, including ideas about equality and its impact on society. By examining the changing power dynamics among the animals and their consequences, we understand how Orwell represents the fragility of social justice and the ongoing struggle for equality.

The article discusses integration of folk poetry to the formation of national identity, preserving cultural memory and shared values in Seamus Heaney’s poetry. The incorporation of Irish folk elements serves to emphasize and preserve Irish cultural heritage, playing a significant role in the construction of national identity. Seamus Heaney’s engagement with Irish folk poetry is evident in his works, where he often draws upon traditional Irish legends, myths, and oral traditions. Heaney’s poetry captures the essence of Irish culture, connecting contemporary readers with their ancestral past. In poems such as “Maighdean Mara”, “Anahorish”, “Digging”, “Sweeney Redivivus” the poet references ancient rituals and legends, invoking a deep historical and cultural memory.

This article explores the mythological and folkloric roots that permeate J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, highlighting the author’s deep engagement with ancient literary traditions across various cultures. By examining the origins of character names and thematic elements, the article demonstrates how Rowling integrates motifs from Greek, Roman, Norse, Celtic, Egyptian, and Indian mythology to enrich her fantasy world. Characters such as Hermione Granger and Nagini are shown to embody attributes of their mythological counterparts, while legendary figures like Merlin and Morgana anchor the magical universe in well-known folklore. The study emphasizes that Rowling’s fusion of ancient myths with contemporary storytelling not only enhances the depth and resonance of her characters but also serves as a bridge between classical literature and modern fantasy. Ultimately, this analysis underlines the timeless relevance of myth and its vital role in shaping the narrative and symbolic structure of Rowling’s work.

This article examines the linguocultural and social dimensions of Dr. Seuss’s children's literature, focusing on how imaginative language conveys complex themes such as racial equality, environmentalism, and authoritarianism. Through qualitative analysis of The Sneetches, The Lorax, and Yertle the Turtle, the study highlights how stylistic devices like rhyme, metaphor, and neologisms serve as semiotic tools for moral and cultural instruction. The research underscores the pedagogical and discursive power of children's literature in shaping young readers' ethical and cognitive development within broader sociolinguistic contexts.

Proverbs are a fundamental part of cultural heritage, carrying wisdom, ethical values, and the worldview of different societies. This article examines the conceptual significance of proverbs in Uzbek and English cultures, analyzing their role in transmitting values, beliefs and historical traditions. A comparative analysis of proverbs from both cultures reveals similarities in moral teachings and differences influenced by social structures and historical developments. The study also explores the evolution of proverbs in modern contexts, assessing their relevance in contemporary society.

This article discusses the fact that literary communication is one of the most necessary factors for the development of any literature, how laborious the art of translation is in translating samples of Uzbek literature into English, and how poetic works differ from prose works in the same way and to the same extent. The existence of primary rules for a translator in translation, translation is a type of literary art, and translation is a science. In this sense, if a translator, as an artist of words, knows another language perfectly, but does not know his own language well, the work will be very strange and dull. The work of a translator and the relevance of literary translation today are discussed.

The stylistic device of the epithet plays a crucial role in shaping the expressive and aesthetic qualities of English fiction texts. By attributing distinctive characteristics to objects, people, or events, epithets enrich the narrative, evoke emotions, and enhance imagery. This article explores the function of epithets in literary texts, examining their historical evolution, structural patterns, and semantic impact. Through the analysis of selected examples from English fiction, the study highlights how epithets contribute to the depth of characterization, the creation of mood, and the overall stylistic harmony of a text.

Politeness theory (PT) emerged within the pragmatic approach in linguistics. According to this theory, individuals employ specific strategies to facilitate effective communication. These strategies help them create an optimal and comfortable communicative environment. The study considers how social norms, power dynamics and cultural values shape the expression and interpretation of polite behavior in discourse.

This article discusses the semantic changes of the meaning adjective which includes narrowing and expansion in English and Uzbek languages. Language is the means of forming thoughts and transmitting information to other people. The adjective plays a crucial role in language aspects, which describes a noun. It is natural factor that language changes in over time, so this article studies a comparative analysis of the factor influencing these changes.

This article gives information about mental verbs and their role in the literature. In the Uzbek language, different variants of mental stative verbs such as “hadiksiramoq”, “qadrlamoq”, “magrurlanmoq”, “qanoatsizlanmoq” and “toqatsizlanmoq” are considered. Verbs such as “struggle”, “contemplate”, “conceive”, and “despise” in English have also been analyzed by considering that their semantics can be expressed in Uzbek through different verbs.

This article analyzes euphemisms in English and Uzbek, examining their linguistic structures, functions, and cultural influences. It categorizes them by theme and explores how cultural, religious, and social factors shape their use, enhancing cross-cultural communication and politeness strategies.

This article deals with problems that the author may face during translation process. Moreover, opportunities through translation and stages of translation process are included.

Totemism is an ancient belief system that establishes a symbolic relationship between humans and natural entities, such as animals, plants, or celestial objects. These totems often serve as emblems of clans, tribes, or social groups, embodying spiritual, cultural, and linguistic significance. In linguoculture – a field that explores the intersection of language and culture – totemism plays a crucial role in shaping myths, rituals, taboos, and even linguistic expressions. 

This article examines totemism as a linguocultural phenomenon , analyzing its influence on Uzbek language, identity, and collective memory across different societies, whereas explores how totemic concepts survive in modern Uzbek linguoculture.

Mazkur maqolada kontekstual sinonimlarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari tahlilga tortilgan. Kontekstual sinonimlar individual ijodiy harakatning mahsuli sifatida namoyon bo‘lishi haqidagi qarashlar keltirilgan.