No. 10 (2024) Economic Development and Analysis

Behavioral finance, which has recently entered the fields of finance and economics with a fresh perspective, challenges the traditional economic concepts of rational decision-making. This field emphasizes that to conduct more accurate analyses in economics, it is necessary to account for human psychological decisions, cognitive biases, and the role of emotions in decision-making. By considering the limitations of available opportunities and the diversity of choices, behavioral finance shows that we can gain more insights into market participants. These shifts can have a significant impact across various sectors and contribute to more precise decision-making at the national level, enhancing the financial well-being of the state and its citizens.

In this article, the issues of justifying the methodological aspects of the application of the IAS "Agriculture" in fisheries are covered. In particular, in relation to biological assets in fisheries, the rules for their recognition have been formulated based on the general rules of the IAS No. 41 "Agriculture"; directions for improving production cost accounting and product costing in fisheries in accordance with IAS No. 41 are indicated, and biological assets and products derived from them are categorized. Also, the use of international experience in the evaluation and accounting of fishery products made it possible to meet the requirements of the IAS and to integrate (harmonize) with the international community.

This article examines the stages of development of the food industry in our country, the role of food products in the national economy, their social and economic significance, as well as development prospects. The theoretical foundations of food industry development are explored through econometric analysis.

The article examines the organizational and economic mechanisms of improving the efficiency of services in the regions. The main focus is on cases of improving the quality and efficiency of services by modernizing the service sector based on new technologies in the context of innovative economic development.

Determining the separate stages of the organizational aspects for the preparation of consolidated financial statements and the formation of items related to the accounting policy are disclosed. Ways to make the reporting process more efficient and accurate by improving organizational mechanisms are considered. Also, it is proposed to strengthen the internal control systems and innovative approaches that can be used in this process. The results of the work serve to increase the financial transparency of joint-stock companies and strengthen their investment attractiveness.

In this article, the main directions of the development of FinTech strategies in commercial banks are presented on the example of banks operating in Uzbekistan. Among the main areas of FinTech strategies are digital payment systems, artificial intelligence (AI) and data analysis, blockchain, banking mobile applications, digital banks and FinTech startups. Also, the changes in banks as a result of their application were analyzed based on the data of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this, information about plastic cards in circulation in banks, payment terminals installed by banks, ATMs, infokiosks, bank applications, digital banks from 2001 to August 1, 2024 was presented and analyzed graphically.

The article provides an analysis of innovative technologies and human resource policies to improve service efficiency in telecommunications companies. It emphasizes the importance of implementing advanced technologies such as 5G, IoT, artificial intelligence, and cloud services in today’s competitive market. These technologies create opportunities for automating interactions with customers, ensuring rapid data exchange, and enhancing security. Furthermore, attracting employees with high qualifications and skills in modern technologies contributes to improving service quality.
The article also discusses the issues of building 5G networks, monitoring devices through IoT, optimizing service processes through artificial intelligence, and centralized data storage via cloud technologies. It presents recommendations for telecommunications companies to ensure high-quality services for customers and strengthen their competitiveness in the market.

When analyzing economic potential, it should also be borne in mind that the economic potential of enterprises depends not only on the size of available resources but also on the quality of these resources, the structure of the balance of components, and the rationality of use. Improving the quality composition of resources increases the existing potential, the effective use of which strengthens management decisions.

This article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of wage accounting in educational institutions. Proposals and recommendations have also been developed to improve payroll accounting in educational institutions.

Today, the most effective organization of mass production in all industries, in particular in textile enterprises. In market conditions, continuous production planning is advisable. Creation of new high-tech jobs, technical and technological renewal of enterprises, introduction of a progressive "cluster model" by ensuring high and sustainable growth rates of the textile industry in the country, attracting and mastering foreign direct investment, production and export of competitive products, implementation of strategically important modernization projects. Systematic work is being carried out to further deepen the structural reorganization aimed at In this article, the factors and methods of increasing the efficiency of investment flows into textile enterprises will be considered and analyzed.

This article examines the formation of local budgets as an important stage of the financial strategy. At the same time, an analysis of the formation of income and expenses of the local budget of the Jizzakh region for 2024 was carried out. Proposals were made to improve the efficiency of local government bodies in the formation of the local budget.

The problems and interests of people with disabilities have become an important part of the social and economic policies of various countries in the modern world. The aim of this study is to explore the concept of inclusive tourism and its potential benefits for people with disabilities who face numerous barriers in accessing infrastructure, services, and products. Inclusive tourism contributes to improving the quality of life of people with disabilities, their social and psychological adaptation, as well as rehabilitation. This type of tourism involves access to tourist services and products for all people without any restrictions. It is provided through an accessible environment that includes visual, auditory, cognitive, and mobility aspects.
The article addresses organizational issues related to providing tourist services to people with disabilities. The criteria of an accessible environment must consider convenience, safety, comfort, and sufficient information for people with disabilities.

This articlе еxaminеs thе challеngеs rеlatеd to thе еmploymеnt of young profеssionals in Uzbеkistan. Youth еmploymеnt is a crucial factor in еconomic dеvеlopmеnt, and thе articlе analyzеs thе еmеrging issuеs and proposеs solutions. Thе lack of alignmеnt bеtwееn thе еducation systеm and labor markеt dеmands makеs it difficult for young spеcialists to find jobs that match thеir qualifications. In 2023, еfforts arе plannеd to incrеasе youth еmploymеnt by еngaging thеm in companiеs, vocational collеgеs, and thе agricultural sеctor. Еxpanding opportunitiеs in fiеlds such as thе digital еconomy, frееlancing, and rеmotе work will improvе thе intеgration of young pеoplе into thе labor markеt.

This article examines and analyzes the rules for reflecting Murobaha operations in financial statements, the stages of implementation of Murobaha operations and the conditions for its implementation. The processes of recognition of Murobaha transactions based on two-way writing are analyzed and illustrated with the help of examples. Also, the role of Murobaha operations in sustainable economic development will be revealed.

In this article, we discuss how digital marketing is important to small businesses based on our survey. We will see factors that help small businesses increase their sales without spending a big amount of resources as businesses did. What are the privileges of digital marketing in the the technologies era and what are the difficulties of online marketing that small businesses face? According to statistics, we will see how methods like content marketing, social media, Facebook ads, and PPC influenced businesses in numbers. So, from this article, you can learn different digital marketing approaches, their importance, and how to overcome challenges.

This article presents a literature review of the experience of foreign scientists in improving the financial activities of state-owned enterprises. Official data and analyzes of the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan are also provided. Based on this literature review and analysis, practical suggestions and recommendations are presented.

The article discusses the unique features of the innovative development of trade services for the population and the need for econometric modeling. There is no separation here to improve the organizational and economic mechanisms for the innovative development of the trade services sector or the general socio-economic patterns of the industry into types and groups, but the practical nature of the laws in force that give practical meaning to research, determine the priority and serve as a scientific criterion for evaluating results, highlight the consequences in the future , the importance of evaluating results.

It is important to consider the main participants of the tax system of Uzbekistan as taxpayers and tax payers, to improve the rights and obligations of taxpayers in the tax system, by widely introducing modern information and communication technologies and advanced automated analysis methods, and to expand the tax base. analysis and development of effective measures.

The article describes individual entrepreneurs and self-employed individuals. Procedural and practical recommendations were offered to increase the importance of taxation of individual incomes in the formation of budget revenues. In addition, a study was conducted on the current state of taxation of individual entrepreneurs and self-employed persons, studies of economists were studied within the scope of the topic, and conclusions and proposals were formed.

This article is devoted to the study of problems related to the operations of commercial banks in the securities market and ways to overcome them. Banks operate in the stock market in order to diversify their financial portfolio, manage risks and generate additional income. However, a number of problems arise in this process: factors such as lack of liquidity, market volatility, regulatory restrictions and information asymmetry can reduce the effectiveness of banking operations. To solve these problems, modern risk management methods, new rules adopted by regulatory authorities, the possibility of adapting to market conditions and using technological innovations are analyzed. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of ensuring the financial stability of banks in conditions of volatility of global financial markets.

The role and importance of foreign investments in the development of the national economy and the increase in innovative activity are revealed in the article, the principles of investment attraction are considered and illuminated, and the role of investment in the country's export and import is also applied in the data analysis.

The article describes structural changes in the regional economy and their impact on economic development. The main objective of the study is to justify the need to study the features of the regional structure. The article reveals the content of various points of view on the term "structural changes".

This article discusses the content and importance of inventory in agricultural enterprises. The main stages, methods and rules for conducting inventory were also studied, proposals and recommendations were developed.

In this аrticlе, оn thе bаsis оf thе clustеr аpprоаch, аn аnаlуsis оf fаctоrs аffеcting thе dеvеlоpmеnt оf innоvаtivе аctivitу аnd cоmpеtitivеnеss оf thе sоciаl tоurism sеctоr, fеаturеs оf businеss еnvirоnmеnt аnd businеss cоnduct fоr its individuаl оrgаnizаtiоns аnd institutiоns frоm thе dеvеlоpmеnt оf thе sоciаl tоurist clustеr, rеductiоn оf оpеrаting cоsts, flехibilitу аnd cоmpеtitivеnеss in thе fоrmаtiоn аnd rеаlizаtiоn оf а tоurist prоduct, intеgrаtiоn intо thе tоurism clustеr wаs rеcоmmеndеd tо еntеrprisеs tо dеvеlоp аnd usе in prаcticе intеllеctuаl prоducts prоducеd bу еducаtiоnаl аnd sciеntific institutiоns within thе clustеr, tо аssеss thе cоmpеtitivеnеss оf clustеrs in vаriоus wауs, аnd а prоcеss-оriеntеd mоdеl оf thе clustеr's innоvаtivе аctivitу.

This study examines the impact of the relationship between bank assets and liabilities on bank profitability, highlighting the critical role of effective asset-liability management in financial performance. Banks generate income primarily through interest earned on assets such as loans and investments, while liabilities, including deposits and borrowings, represent the cost of funds. The balance between these two elements determines net interest income (NII) and net interest margin (NIM), both key indicators of profitability. Factors such as interest rate spreads, asset quality, maturity mismatches, and liquidity management significantly influence the bank’s profitability. A well-managed asset-liability mix enhances income stability and reduces risks associated with interest rate fluctuations and liquidity constraints. Conversely, poor management can lead to reduced margins, increased risk exposure, and potential financial instability. Understanding and optimizing the interplay between assets and liabilities is essential for banks to maximize profitability, manage risks, and sustain long-term growth in a competitive and regulated environment. From this point of view, in this article, I tried to reveal the importance of the net interest margin in increasing the profitability of the bank, as well as the state of management of bank assets and liabilities in the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its effect on the efficiency of the banking system.