No. 1 (2017)

Topicality and relevance of the theme of dissertation. According to the data of World Health Organization (WHO) the acute thromboses in the system of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are common diseases and seem to be actual medical and social problem. The frequency of the deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities (LE) and pelvis accounts for 160 cases per 100000 of population. In USA 50-100 thousand of deaths due to thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery (PATE) are registered annually that shares 10-20% from the total quality of patients having previously thromboembolism. According to the numerous studies in 40-80% of cases PATE are missed at all, and in many cases the presumptive diagnosis is only made [V.Olie et al, 2014, France].
From the first days of independence obtained by our country, the reorganization of the system of public health care, the strengthening of the health of population and prevention of socially significant diseases has become of primary importance. As a result of measures being carried out including improvement of diagnosis, treatment of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities and PATE prevention, as well as the providing of high quality specialized medical aid to this contingent of patients in the surgical departments of emergency medical care there has been achieved decrease in period of hospitalized treatment from 10-14 days to 7-9 days.
The interest to the study of this pathology in the world is explained by its prevalence, high specific weight in the structure of the vascular diseases, tendency of illness to frequent relapses, and also by serious consequences such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). A situation is often complicated by the latent development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), when the correct diagnosis has been established only at the complications of the main disease as PATE. The situation is also aggravated by more than 8% of the lethal outcomes, connected with PATE, occurred in the patients who had previously urgent surgical intervention. In his connection the timely surgical procedure appeared to be the only possible way for PATE prevention. The surgical prevention of PATE with implantation of cava-filer (CF) is debated. Multiple complications of this intervention such as migration of endovenous devices, thrombosis, and formation of paravenous hematomas are causes for its total negative evaluation. On the other side the alternative proposals for use of extravenous devises like cava-clips (CC) have not been studied however their development and improvement continue in a number of angiosurgical centers. It is clear that the improvement of these methods will increase efficacy of the emergency surgical care in thrombosis of the vein of legs and prevention of PATE.
The research work has been carried out within the framework of the tasks considering in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 19, 2007, No.UP-3923”About main directions for further deepening of the reforms and realization of the state program for development of public health system” and Decision " About measures for the further deepening of reforming of the system of public health services " of 28.11.2011, №PP-1652, and also in the other normative-legal documents adopted in this sphere.
The purpose of research is to improve results of surgical treatment of acute thromboses of the veins of lower extremities and prevention of thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery by optimization of the therapeutic-diagnostic technique.
The scientific novelty of dissertation is as follows:
for the first time there have been revealed frequency and structure of acute vein thrombosis of lower extremities and pelvis as well as variability of genetic and molecular factors of the thrombophilia.
there has been confirmed the significant role of the mutation of gene of factor FV-Leiden in the development of deep vein thrombosis;
the new models of clip and advice have been developed for clipping of inferior vena cava and advice in order to prevent the thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery;
there has been shown that developed clipping devices in the clinic have no disadvantages and specific complications characterized for endovenous cava-filters (filter migration, perforation of the wall of inferior vena cava, retroperitoneal hematomas, infiltration and fibrosis);
there has been revealed decrease in risk for development of thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery in use of active surgical and conservative methods of treatment.
Conclusion
1. The observations during 11 years showed that the parameter of morbidity due to inflammatory-thrombotic lesions of the vein in patients treated in the RRCEMC remained to be approximately at the stable level: with minimum (14,5%) in 2004 and maximum (21,7%) in 2012. Thus the quantity of patients requiring in emergency phlebological care, certainly, was higher, stably, than at acute pancreatitis and ulcer disease. These values do not differ practically from the parameters over the Tashkent-city.
2. The relative frequency of sharp thrombotic lesions of the vein of the legs and pelvis in patients revealed in the specialized departments of the RRCEMC fluctuated from 4,1 to 8,1%, and mostly frequent in the patients of traumatological department (8,1%).
3. Under conditions of functioning of the service of the emergency care in the complex examination and monitoring of the patients with phlebothrombosis the ultrasound angioscanning is the main method. In this case sensitivity, specificity and accuracy ultrasound scanning of DVT under the inguinal fold reached almost to 96 - 100%, but at more proximal lesions these indices can descend to 65%.
4. The comparative analysis of the frequency of genetic changes of three basic alleles and genotypes in the patients with DVT showed reliable significant prevalence of the cases of mutation by gene of FV-Leyden factor (5,7 times) in comparison with healthy donors (P=O,O381, test).
5. The experiments performed have shown reliability of functioning of the devices for partial vein occlusions: in all cases it was possible to register a delay of embolus of polyurethane resin by cava-clip, (if the diameter of a piece of resin was more than 50 % from a patency of the femoral vein). Thus, there was histologically confirmed the absence of the expressed reaction of the vein wall tissues and retroperitoneal fat to the cava-clip made from titanium.
6. During revealing of the embologenic forms of the thrombosis in the system of IVC the method of cava-clipping with titanium clips of the own construction is a reliable and safe method of surgical prevention of PATE. The outside devices (cava-clips) have no complications characteristic for intravenous devices (CF), and even in the long-term period (to 12 years) were not a source of dangerous consequences.
7. The evaluation of the immediate before discharge from the stationary and long-term, till 12 years, results of surgical prevention of PATE with use of non-invasive cava-clipping devices shows convincingly advantages of the latter: the quantity of complications in immediate postoperative period at cava-clipping appeared to be most minimal - 2,2%, in comparison with implantation of CF -6,3%, and plication - 8,9%. In the long-term period the similar picture is noted -15,1 %, 23,6%, 32,0%, respectively.
8. At the conservative treatment of the patients with embologenic phlebothrombosis the repeated episodes of PATE we observed in 31,7% of treated patients, and the level of lethality reached 23,2%. In the patients receiving surgical methods for PATE prevention, these complications were in 2,9% of cases, and lethality in this group of patient was not higher than 0,8%.
9. Introduction into the clinical practice of the method of PATE prevention with clipping of IVC by titanium clips allowed 1,8-fold reduction of the number of rethromboses, 3,1-fold development of CVI in the long-term postoperative period and by 30% decrease terms of hospitalization of the patients.

The objective of the thesis is to develop proposals and recommendations for improving the social cooperation system under democratization conditions of state and public life in Uzbekistan.
The scientific novelty of the research:
The application in Uzbek society of such peculiar forms of social relationships as social complicity, social partnership, social cooperation;
It has been proved - the realization of social cooperation in building a civil society by using mechanisms of balance (homeostasis) and self-regulation (sociostasis);
It has been revealed - the tendencies of social cooperation development under the influence of the middle layer of owners (middle class) formation in Uzbekistan;
It is justified that the influence of democratization of the state and society life on the social cooperation formation models (bipartism, tripartism and polyparism) and the influence of latter on the exercise of democratic governance are a sociological law;
The methods of using the media influence in the formation of ideological immunity in citizens are improved to prevent the influence of negative social phenomena (bureaucracy, corruption, organized crime) and destructive ideology (religious extremism and terrorism).

The aim of the research work includes complete inventory of the flora of Baysun phyto-gcographic region, determination its botanical and geographical borders as of independent region in the South-West Gissar district of the Central Asian Mountain province.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time, contemporary checklist of the flora for the Baysun botanical and geographical region was compiled, including 1564 species, 524 genera and 89 families;
three new species for science were described (Jurinea tschernevae Tojibaev & Turginov, Iris khassanovii Tojibaev & Turginov, Allium decoratum Turginov & Tojibaev) and for the first time 16 new records for the flora of Uzbekistan and 15 new records for the flora of the Gissar range were given;
it was determinate of botanical-geographical border of the research area;
new populations of rare and endemic species were found, such as Dionysia hissarica Lipsky, Allium majus Vved., Ferula tuberifera Korovin, Ungernia victoris Vved., Sternbergia fischeriana (Herb.) M.Rocm., Dimorphosciadium gayoides (Rcgcl & Schmalh.) Pimenov, Astragalus tupalangi Gontsch.;
for the first time, an electronic database reflecting the current taxonomic content of the flora of the Baisun botanical and geographical region and GIS maps of species distribution were developed.

The aim of the research work is the hybridization of amphidiploids obtained according to the scheme [G. thurberi Tod. x G. raimondii Ulbr.) x G.arboreum L.] x G.hirsutum L. with cultivars G.hirsutum L. and G.barbadense L. And the developing of genetically enriched polygenomic new inter-species composite hybrids of families and lines.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time, new 4 and 5 species composite interspecific hybrids were developed, based on the hybridization of the amphidiploid with a composite structure {[(G.thurberi Tod. x G.raimondii Ulbr.) x G.arboreum L.] x G.hirsutum L.} with cultivated species G.hirsutum L. and G.barbadense L
the formation and variability of the main agronomically valuable traits in interspecies composite hybrids (up to Fs) developed with the participation as the maternal form of the amphidiploid {[(G.thurberi Tod.x G.raimondii Ulbr.) x G.arboreum L.] x G. hirsutum L.};
correlation relationships of some agronomically valuable traits in newly created interspecies and backcross hybrids have been determined;
the possibility of identifying carly-maturity, productive recombinants and families with high yield and fiber quality, weight 1000 seeds, is grounded. Seeds, i.e., with a set of agronomically valuable traits by overcoming the negative correlation links of the interspecific composite hybrids of cotton that arc manifested in agronomical characters;
the importance of backcrosses in the developing of genetically enriched, with a positive complex of agronomically valuable traits of recombinants in the production of polygenomic interspecies hybrids of cotton with positive transgressive variability of attributes and properties, is proved;
new varieties SP-1303, SP-"Kamolot", S-1306 and S-7277 were developed with a set of economically valuable traits from polygenomic cotton lines.

The aim of the research work is reveling of protein and isozyme markers, studying of their inheritance related with economically valuable traits of cotton and wheat, and their use in phylogenetic analysis (cotton).
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time on the basis of the data compiled for the reference spectrum of the three groups of proteins (water, buffer and sparingly soluble), allowing to describe electrophoretic passport of the individual cotton species and varieties;
determined relationship of the inheritance of protein markers with a number of agronomic characters of the cotton plant.
it shows that homology between one genomic species group is greater than the homology between species of different genomic groups.
G. raimondii species by protein composition exhibits relationship to the species with genomic groups Ai and A2;
established that frequency of occurrence of different populations of wheat varieties cultivated in different regions of the Republic, is different and may vary from year to year of cultivation, which in turn may be related to adaptability of the biotypes of intravariety populations to the specific agro-climatic conditions of the environment;
determined of the gluten content of the wheat varieties from different regions of the Republic, shown that this value is different in the studied samples, indicating about influence to this trait agro-climatic and agronomic conditions;
on the basis of the conducted researches released bread wheat variety «Pakhlavon».

The aim of the research work The aim of the study is to determine the features of clinical and functional disorders in rheumatoid arthritis on the background of the influence of environmental factors and the optimization of preventive and curative interventions in this disease.
Scientific novelty1 of the research work:
The role of xenobiotics (Al and Ni) in the development of the mechanism of early destruction of joints, contributing to the progression of the aggressiveness of articular syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis, is proved and justified;
revealed a decrease in cellular immunity and a violation of the expression of a number of differentiation antigens on the background of hypoprogesteronemia in women of reproductive age with rheumatoid arthritis;
revealed progression of apoptosis of T-cells against a background load of hydrogen fluoride and proved its role in the immune system imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis;
the peculiarities of the dynamics of clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis depending on the patients’ living areas and the environmental risk factors (N02, FH, Cd, Al va Pb), which contribute to the formation of systemic manifestations of the disease, are identified;
the degrees of climatic comfort for this disease were developed on the basis of the dynamics of clinical activity and the remission process under different climatic-physical parameters (Ki, S, Km and Ksr);
the importance of preventive measures with correction of progesterone insufficiency in rheumatoid arthritis is substantiated and the effectiveness of this tactic in maintaining long-term clinical remission of the disease is proved.

The aim of the research work is to determine the characteristics of neurohumoral mechanisms of heterogeneity of the metabolic syndrome, clinical manifestations of the disease to improve the criteria of early diagnosis and the gradual optimization of ways of therapeutic correction.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows: justified by the relationship of the basic pathogenic mechanisms of MS associated with secretory activity of adipose tissue, neurohumoral, adrenergic, inflammatory mechanisms, remodeling of blood vessels and the heart and the extent of their participation in the formation and progression of MS; revealed elevated levels of factor free leptin and decreased levels of leptin receptors, which are one of the reasons for the early development of leptin resistance; determined the increased activity of SAS associated with lower levels of MAO, associated with a sharp increase in LPO activity that is qualitatively modifies the catalytic properties of the enzyme; proven to increase the level of antineutrophil autoantibodies ANCA, is a predictor of early stage ED and increased IGF-1 as a marker of the early development of the heart and vascular remodeling; provento the increase of the level of autoantibodies cardiomyocytes COM-02 is a predictor of cardiac remodeling with early development of left ventricular hypertrophy; pathogenetically grounded approach to the complex therapy of MS with the inclusion in the scheme of treatment of hypertensive, antiadipose and hypolipidemic drugs to optimize the management of patients with MS the presence of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia.

The urgency and relevance of the topic of the dissertation. The whole international experience shows that currently in the global economy the importance of information and communication technologies sphere, including the manufacture of computer and telecommunications technology, software development and the provision of on their basis a wide range of interactive services are increasing rapidly. Based on the experience of countries with a huge potential in this area, such as South Korea. Germany. USA. China and India, the development of the above areas, in turn, helps to speed up innovation progress and development of export potential, investment activity, the employment rise and the acceleration rise of economic development . According to the data. 5 percent of global GDI* accounted for a share of the ICT sector and by 2020 this figure will exceed 9 percent.
From the first days of independence, great attention is paid to the development of infonnation and communication technologies rapidly as one of the important sectors of the economy and targeted program measures have been implemented. Particular attention was paid to the telecommunications sector development and some results were uncovered. On the part of enterprises operating in this area in 2015 services in the amount equivalent to 4.7241 tnllion UZS were provided and 7 projects in the telecommunications sector in the total amount of 223.390 million dollars USA were carried out and also just 248.79 million dollars USA from projects included in the investment program were disbursed. Today, on the further deepening of the reforms in our country «tasks such as the modernization of industries and regions, improving their competitiveness, the development of export potential must be at the center of our attention. This requires more active attraction of foreign investments, advanced technologies, and infonnation and communication systems in all spheres of activity» .
Despite the investment activity support on the part of the state to create a favorable investment climate, there are several problems hindering the investment processes development in our country and in foreign countries. A comprehensive study of existing problems for the investment activity development, the suitable investment environment creation in the country, ensuring financial stability and investment attractiveness of communication enterprises, and development of practical recommendations for further decisions on the management of investment activity in the telecommunications sector justifies the relevance of the dissertation topic.
This dissertation research to some extent promotes implementation of the tasks of the Integrated Programme of the Development of the National Information and Communication System of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2013-2020 years, the parameters of which are determined by the Decree №1989 of 27 June of 20l3of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On measures for further development of national information and communication system of the Republic of Uzbekistan» and the Order № UP-4848 of October 5.
2016 the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On additional measures to ensure the rapid development of business, all-round protection of private property and die qualitative improvement of the business climate».
The aim of the research work is the development of research proposals and practical recommendations to improve the organizational and economic mechanism for effective investment activity management in the telecommunications in terms of economic modernization.
The scientific novelty of the research workconsists of the following:
an integrated indicator of an efficiency evaluation of investment activities management in telecommunications, and also the system of indicators including the indicators characterizing efficiency of services, degree of personnel qualification, efficiency of investing activities organizational and technical and indicators of enhancement of management in an industry is improved;
the two-dimensional linear regression model of the net profit connected with the amount of involved investments and costs are worked out;
suggestions for improvement of organizational and economic state regulation machineries of investing activities in the telecommunications, considenng price policy, licensing and insurance are developed;
offers on increase in investment appeal of the telecommunications subjects on the basis of such factors as stimulation on zones and creation of the favorable investment climate are developed;
the strategy of development for investing activities of the company for 2017-2025 on the basis of innovative development requirements of the JSC «Uzbektelekom» company in the conditions of national economy development is proved;
the prospects of enhancement and implementation of digital television and broadcasts through network of the national operator, investment attraction on development of intellectual and interactive services are proved.
Conclusion
In die process of die research on die theme« Improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms of effective investment activity management in telecommunications» die following scientific and practical recommendations are developed:
1. System methodological approach on organizational and economic mechanisms enhancement was developed on the basis of process studying of investment activities management, functions and the purposes which creates the soil for effective investment activities management in telecommunications.
2. The international tendencies of development of investment processes were given in die telecommunication sphere in die conditions of globalization where some data of die international telecommunication operators were considered in comparison with the national operator, and also the rating of the countries of die world on indexes of die telecommunication sphere was given. It formed a basis for improvement of the provision in tlie rating of die countries of the world of die national operator on indexes in the telecommunication sphere.
3. Methodological approach of investment activities management system development in telecommunications and indicators system and its efficiency which is reasonable for putting into practice, were elaborated.
4. The assessment methodology of investment activities management in telecommunications, parabolic model ofthe attracted investments volume change and exponential model of expanses chang were developed. The two-dimensional linear regression model of a net profit connected widi the amount of the attracted investments and expenses were developed. This methodology and models will serve effective investment activities management in telecommunications.
5. The internal and external factors that influencing investment activities in telecommunications were classified and also SWOT analysis of JSC «Uzbektelekom» investment attractiveness assessment on main competitors which results allowed to manage the company investment activities effectively.were carried out.
6. Analyzing activities by regions of operators and providers of Internet services provision of Internet services was studied dividing them into several zones and the share of their market is determined. It was as a result revealed need of accounting of privileges by zones in case of accomplishment of investment projects in development of Internet services. As a result, development of Internet services in the context of implementation of investment projects in areas of regional interests should be taken into account.
7. Tendencies of development of the telecommunication market and increase in investment attractiveness of the telecommunication spliere were analysed. The interactive and intellectual services, services of digital television provided by the entities of a telecommunication industry and accomplishment of the investing program directed to provision of broadband telecommunication services, as a result that formed a basis for development of telecommunication services are analysed.
8. Indicators of development of a telecommunication industry and the executed projects of JSC «Uzbektelekom» on the basis of which it is reasonable to implement offers on effective management of investment projects were studied.
9. The strategy of development for investing activities of the company on the basis of grouping of the organizational and economic mechanisms influencing management of investing activities of the telecommunication sphere and also on the basis of studying of opportunities and problems of the JSC «Uzbektelekom» company is developed. This strategy will be a basis for effective management of investing activities of JSC «Uzbektelekom» in the long term.
10. The perspective directions of increase in investment appeal and ball system of integrated performance indicators of investment activities in telecommunications in the conditions of economical modernization were developed. The assessment of conceptual model investment appeal of the companies operating in telecommunicationsare developed. In turn, it gives the chance of determination of the directions of increase in investment attractiveness in telecomm unications.
11. The forecast of JSC «Uzbektelekom» indicators calculation till 2020. in particular, indicators of investment, costs, profits, a net profit, change of performance indicators of investment on a net profit in modernization, inertial and innovative options were drawn. These indicators underwent approbation in practice and shall be considered in the further forecasts.

The topicality and demand of the subject of the dissertation. In conditions of deepening of globalization processes in the world economy, the significance of transport infrastructure is rapidly growing. Optimization of this industry is implemented by the companies which achieved high results in the global system of transport and logistics. According to the data of the international organizations of the transport system and the World Bank, the share of the world market of transport services in the GDP is estimated in the amount of 4,2 trillion. USD (6,8%) and annually 110 billion tons of cargo and over 1 trillion passengers are transported and the number of employed in the field of transport services accounts for 100 million1.
In Uzbekistan since the first years of independence, the development of the transport infrastructure has been identified as one of the priority directions of the government economic policy. In this regard, as a result of targeted and consistent government policy, the country ensured transport independence, established a unified national transport system providing transport links to all regions. In particular, new railway - Tashguzar-Boysun-Wmorgan, electric railway “Angren-Pop" through the Kamchik mountain pass, as well as the highway “Kungrad-Beynov” have been constructed . During the independence transport services have increased 2,5 times, the share of services in total volume amounted to 26,7 %2.
The significance of this direction for the national economy of the country has been marked as one of the main tasks of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, who in his speech stressed that “it is necessary to develop and modernize the road-transport, engineering-communication and social infrastructure, therefore there is a need to develop forecasted parameters and to monitor their observance»3.
Providing the increasing flow of passenger and cargo everywhere in the world market of transport services enable to develop international relations, to improve the system, to ensure the effectiveness of the process and to implement innovations in the area of transport services. In turn, the further development of the market of transport sendees, optimization of the market based on the marketing principles, in particular, the priority of competition, modernization of the structure of the vehicles and manufacturing of the new goods and services on the international market through re-engineering has been determined as a prior task of economy require the search of positive solutions. From this point of view, the topic of this thesis confirms the relevance of this problem.
This doctoral research, to a certain extent, conduced the execution of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № - 2313 “On the implementation of successive measures to develop transport and communications systems of modem telecommunications the creation of the engineering projects in the country” dated from March 6, 2015, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan №4848 “On additional measures on ensuring accelerated development of entrepreneurship activity, comprehensive protection of private property and qualitative improvement of the business environment” dated from October 5, 2016 as well as the the programmes “Development and modernization of engineering communications and road transport infrastructures in 2015 - 2019, construction and reconstruction of national highway of Uzbekistan”.
The purpose of the research is to develop scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at improving the techniques of optimizing the transport services market on the basis of the marketing principles in conditions of the economy modernization.
Scientific novelty of the results of the study is the following:
the mechanism for synchronic requirements of innovative development and changes in the quality of the market under the efficient organization of the transport market for cargo transportation and expediency of extending coverage of licensing has been developed;
the proposal to reduce the time of cargo transportation on the basis of ensuring the correlation between the factors of cost and time based on the concept of “just in time” (by the certain time) in the activity of transport enterprises has been justified;
based on the effective use of technical-economic and operational potential of transport enterprises, the proposals for cost savings associated with increased volume of traffic due to the priority of competitiveness in target market segment have been proven;
proposals on improving the process of providing technical services to the vehicles in conditions of formation of the random value corresponding to the probability distribution of time intervals according to types of services delivered to clients in the system of providing technical assistance have been worked out;
forecasted indicators of cargo and passenger transportation for 2015-2018 with the account the correlation- regression interaction of the factors, influencing the volume of traffic on the transport services market have been elaborated.
Conclusion
The following conclusions have been developed on the results of the research in the doctoral dissertation:
1. Comprehensive disclosure of the economic content of the categories “transport services” and “transport services market”, contributing to the possibility of improving the theoretical basis of the activity of transport systems that have a direct impact on the optimization of the market through the formation of market prices as a result of the correlation of the categories of supply and demand in the market of transport services has been implemented.
2. While researching the problems of optimization of the transport market the efficiency of using the system - hierarchical approach, the existence of structural and functional groupings in a hierarchical system, the possibility of accepting, processing and use of large amounts of information that will ensure the integrity problems related to the optimization of the transport market has been justified.
3. In the framework of this research, based on the innovative principles of the organization of the transport market, the priorities of the development of the internal and external environment of monitoring marketing activities, achieving the benefits of competition in the transport services market and coverage of licensing create opportunities ensure compliance with regulatory, account of the degree of system principles of financial support and estimated results.
4. Through the effective use of technical, economic and operational ability of the transport industry, by providing benefits of competition in the targeted market segment, the economy of variable and increased volume of traffic in the group technical and operational performance has been proven. The cost of transport services was introduced in variable expenses in the group of technical and operational performance, which ensured their stability in relation to the number of products.
5. In terms of economic independence of subjects of the transport services market and limiting the possibility of obtaining information about market participants the advantages of the research of the cargo transportation market by applying the method of expert systems, analysis, forecasting and planning in comparison with other methods have been substantiated. In qualifying group of mathematical methods a variety of material - technical base of the transport system, the various functions of fixed assets and their constructive solutions complicate the solution through a unified approach that requires taking into account the peculiar qualities of individual vehicles, transported goods or passengers used for planning and forecasting of transport.
6. Evaluation method of activity of the enterprises of auto transport on the basis of integral indicators that take into account the mutual influence of internal and external factors in the process of providing transportation and logistics services proposed in the thesis, create the ability to control the process of ensuring the required quality of services,ensure proporcionalmente opportunities for the company and client, sustainability of local capacities, especially in the implementation of innovative measures aimed at strategic development.
7. Effective organization of the system of rendering services to the auto transport vehicles has been proposed and implemented in practice, the method of simulation the number and types of vehicles, which enables to increase the degree of diversification in the provision of technical services. This method is used in complicated cases of unforeseen circumstances when using continuous distribution, methods of providing random values used in the probability distribution of the time of arrival of business In the conditions of economic independence of subjects of the market of transport services and limit the ability of receiving complete and ongoing information about the participants of the market was justified by the advantage of application of system methods of experts, study of cargo transport, analysis, forecasting and planning in comparison with other methods.
8. To ensure the benefits of competition in the market recommendations on the formation of methodology of the marketing communication strategy of transport, taking into account the complexity of the provided transportation and logistics services, significant financial resources spent on marketing communications have been developed.
9. The determination on the basis of points of evaluation by experts of the degree of influence of factors affecting the competitiveness of the transport market is considered to be efficient. Here is the analysis of market factors that have a significant impact on competition, the definition of intensity and competition. The main stages of solving these tasks enable to assess the environment of market competition, and enterprises, to analyze the efficiency of information support of marketing decisions, compare results, and to develop necessary conclusions and recommendations.
10. Based on the developed indicators it has been identified that road transport of the republic by 2018 compared to 2015 the turnover is supposed to increase by 8,9%. The average distance of transportation will decrease by 2.4% which will lead to an increase of 11,6% of the volume of transported cargo. In this period road transport passenger turnover and average distance of transportation will increase respectively by 13,5% and 10,1%, and the number of passengers will increase by 3,5%.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. According to the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, in 2014 the total number of people in the world who used drugs was 247 million people aged 15 to 64 years, of these, about 10-13% arc the group suffering from drug addiction '. In addition, the number of opiate (opium, morphine and heroin) users totalled about 17 million people throughout the world, of these, 12 million arc injection narcotic users. The injection drug intake significantly contributes to the epidemic of viral hepatitis В and C in all parts of the world. According to the data of “The UN World Drug Report for 2016”, 1.6 million people who use injected drugs are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, 6 million arc living with hepatitis C.
During the years of independence, as a result of systematic measures in the organization of drug treatment services in line with modem requirements, there were achieved positive changes in our country in rendering narcological medical assistance for the prevention and diagnosis of drug addiction, treatment and medical and social rehabilitation of drug addicts. According to the National Information and Analytical Centre for Drug Control of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the ratio of primary morbidity of drug abuse decreased 1.6 times in 2015.
At the global level, much attention is paid to the study of the role of personality-biological, social, psychological, clinical and psychopathological features, as well as a variety of pathophysiological and biochemical processes based on experimental studies in the pathogenesis and progression of opioid dependence with comorbid medical conditions for further optimization of rehabilitation measures. In this, the study of the features of comorbid somatic pathology in heroin addiction, in-depth studies of pathobiochcmical changes and optimization of treatment strategies to reduce the recurrence of the disease and to achieve sustainable remission is relevant and significant.
This dissertation research to a certain extent serves for the implementation of the tasks set out in the in the Government Program “The year of a healthy child” approved by Decree PD-2133 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of 19 February 2014, the Decree PD-1652 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to further deepen the reform of the health system” of 28 February 2011, the Resolution No.11/11 of the State Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Drug Control “On the program of comprehensive measures to counter drug abuse and drug trafficking for 2011-2015” of 8 August 2011, the Resolution No. 01-14/47-17 “On the program of measures to counter drug abuse and drug trafficking for 2016-2020” of 17 June 2016, as well as in other legal normative and legal acts adopted in this area.
The aim of the research is determining the clinical, psychopathological and pathochemical aspects of opioid dependence with subsequent optimization of therapeutic approaches.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the relationship between premorbid social deviance, genetic predisposition to drug dependency and socio-psychological factors that contribute to the occurrence of comorbid somatic diseases (chronic viral hepatitis В and C) in individuals dependent on opioids has been proved;
features of the opium withdrawal clinical symptoms and craving for the drug, taking into account the comorbid somatic pathology (chronic viral hepatitis В and C) have been disclosed;
the effect of concomitant liver disease (chronic viral hepatitis В and C) on the intensity of systemic oxidative stress and significant reduction of antioxidant system in the blood of the patients with opioid dependence have been proved;
on the model of acute and chronic drug addiction, we defined the key link of pathogenesis characterized by prolonged increased generation of active oxygen forms in the subccllular fractions of liver and heart tissues on a background of the depletion of endogenous antioxidant defense and accumulation of protein degradation products - middle molecular peptides in the experiment;
based on the results of the experimental study, we pathogcnetically substantiated the necessity of the early inclusion of antioxidants in complex therapeutic measures in heroin addiction and the need for their depot in the liver in the treatment of drug addiction.
Conclusion
On the basis of the conducted studies on a doctoral dissertation “Clinical and pathogenetic aspects and optimization of therapeutic tactics in case of heroin addiction (clinical-experimental study)” the following conclusions are presented:
1. The most important socio-psychological factors that contribute to the emergence of comorbid somatic pathology of the liver (chronic viral hepatitis В and C) in patients who arc dependent on opioids arc: the early stages of the first trial of psychoactive substances (10,3%), early onset of systemic narcotization with a primary parenteral method of drug administration (31.5%), multiple drug use in the immediate vicinity (45.1%).
2. Comorbid somatic pathology of the liver (chronic viral hepatitis В and C) helps to increase the length and severity of the clinic of opium withdrawal syndrome due to the prevalence of psychopathological, algic, dissomnic disorders (34.6% versus 16.3% in the group of patients without comorbid pathology).
3. The distribution of the frequency of the pathological attraction to drugs revealed that the severe degree of the pathological attraction to drugs is characteristic of 36.9% of dependents on opioids with comorbid somatic pathology (chronic viral hepatitis В and C) and 8.6% of dependents on opioids without comorbid pathology, proving the contribution of the factor of comorbidity on the severity of the disease.
4. The study of personality characteristics revealed that drug users with chronic viral hepatitis В and C represent the individuals with severe difficulties in social adaptation, anxiety and depressive background of mood, which were often associated with the state of their physical health. The opioid dependents with comorbid disorders found external locus of control and arc characterized by personal immaturity, emotional and volitional characteristics, cognitive functions by detecting a correlation with the disease duration.
5. Comorbid pathology of the liver in opioid dependence contributes to significantly greater systemic oxidative stress and reduction of the antioxidant blood system. The intensity of the generation of reactive oxygen species in the blood of opioid-dependent people increases with the duration of narcotization and related liver disease, manifesting an increase of malondialdehyde, middle molecules of peptide and inhibition of catalase activity in relation to the control. The correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation with the duration of withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent people with comorbid pathology with increased values of middle molecules peptide (r=0.56) and negatively correlated with the activity of catalase (r=-0.66).
6. One of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of opioiddependent people is a pronounced oxidative stress, which manifests itself by prolonged increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the subccllular fractions of liver and heart tissues on the background of the depletion of endogenous antioxidant defense and accumulation of protein degradation products - middle molecules peptides. We established the trigger role of reactive oxygen species in the degradation of macromolecules of proteins in heart tissues, which indicates the development of prolonged endotoxemia and myocardial dysfunction even after the compensation of the oxidative stress, making it difficult for abstinence.
7. The optimized therapy including antioxidants - alpha-tocopherol acetate has a significant effect on the indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant blood system of opioid- dependent people due to a lower level of malondialdehyde, catalase activity recovery to the control level. We substantiated the necessity of the early inclusion of antioxidants in complex therapeutic measures that can improve the therapy effectiveness, significantly reducing the duration of the opium withdrawal syndrome and the severity of craving for the drug.

Actuality and necessity of the topic of the dissertation. There is an increasing need for the study of human rights, particularly, the issue of children's rights and welfare due to the ongoing globalization process. At present, the rights of children and the maintenance of rightful welfare of a child arc considered questions of top priority and have been raised to the level of state policy in Uzbekistan. By adopting legal documents and state programmes on the consistent formulation of rights and welfare of a child, there arc more possibilities for the realization of the policy. However, on the grounds of social relations that arc unprcdictably changing as a result of the ever-rising globalization, an absolute and long-standing resolution of the issue requires regular improvement in the legal and organizational foundations for providing rights and welfare of a child.
Nowadays, an intensive era is posing us quite pressing and ever-changing questions on upbringing younger generation with sound spiritual and physical health. In the announcement of the year 2016, as the year of «Healthy Mother and Child», the issue of improving regulatory and legal framework on the maternity and childhood protection has been stressed with great importance. In fact, making further efforts on passing new laws that can meet contemporary needs of children and bringing them to practice with the most appropriate and advanced methods arc the topmost issues of today’s agenda. While creating the legal basis for the protection of maternity and child in Uzbekistan, it is immensely important to apply not only the recent advancements in international practice, but also the local values that emerge from the research of the history of child rights in Uzbekistan and harmonize with oriental mentality which reflects our centuries-old, time-tested values and traditions. Moreover, determining the structural enhancements in the realization and deployment of this matter public plays the key role in fostering the rights of child in Uzbekistan.
Likewise, to support the actuality of the dissertation, the following issues must be addressed in presented work: the fact that the topic of child rights have not been studied within the speciality of «Theory and History of Statehood and Law; History of Juridical Teachings»; the lack of comparative study of advantages and disadvantages of teachings related to its history; the existence of certain gaps in current legislation literature; and the need for developing new resolutions to the practical and theoretical challenges connected to an effective maintenance of child rights and welfare.
The suggestions and inferences reached within the thesis arc expected to serve, to a certain degree, for the realization of the following documents: the 2010, January 27, №1271 Resolution by the first president of the Republic of Uzbekistan On the National Project «The Year of Perfect Generation», the 2009, April 13 Prcidcntial Resolution №1096 «On Protection of Child's and Maternal Health, Supplementary Measures on the Upbringing of Healthy Generation», the 2011, October 14 №280 Decree of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On the Supplementary Measures on the Improvement of Child Nurturing and Upbringing of Healthy and Mature Generation» and other pertinent documents.
The aim of the dissertation. To research the evolution and the genesis of the child rights in the territory of Uzbekistan and to develop legislative and theoretical framework derived from the comparative analysis of historical works relevant to this field. Thereafter, drawing appropriate conclusions from the accomplished research and making list of suggestions and recommendations directed at improving the current mechanisms on providing and defending child rights.
The scientific novelty of the research can be described in following directions:
- The topic of the genesis and the evolution of the child rights in the territory of Uzbekistan has been fully researched for each period in history through definition of legal concept of a "child”, his/her rights and interests along with legislative and theoretical aspects of the term.
- The definition of the term “product advocating violence and cruelty”.
- The research determines preparing, importing, disseminating, advertising and demonstrating products advocating violence and cruelty as an act of administrative offence.
- The research proposes the list legislative changes on issuing criminal charges for preparing, importing, disseminating, advertising and demonstrating products advocating violence and cruelty repeatedly after an administrative offence.
- The research proposes the list of recommendations on the improvement of legislative and executive mechanisms responsible for protecting and maintaining the rights and interests of the children.
Conclusion
Conccptional conclusion and constructing suggestions provided below arc based on researching genesis and revolution of rights of child in the territory of Uzbekistan by the viewpoint of “Government and Theory and History of Human Rights. History of Right Doctrine” and solving problems given in the dissertation.
I. Scientific-theoretical conclusions:
1. Historical aspects of child rights’ improvement: I. The ancient period. II. The middle Ages. III. The period of totalitarian regime. IV. The years of independence.
2. According to that our country is first to construct “child rights”, we can value this construction as unique legal phenomenon.
3. In following arc resources found in the territory of Uzbekistan on child welfare and rights we will designate steps of national viewpoints’ system about children and the role of them in society, child rights: notion of child and historical formation steps of national viewpoint’s system, directly, (Zoroastrianism, “Avesto” that is holy book of Zoroastrianism, historical written monuments in Turkic language, inscription of soghd, the laws of Yoso, folklore samples, indirectly, system (concepts of Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity religions that arc spread in the territory of the Middle Asia).
4. Islamic legal thoughts under which lies following trends of child rights: fetus and individual rights system of a child; fetus and family-based rights of a child; fetus and group rights of a child.
5. International Convention “On Child Rights” and the Law Of Uzbekiatan “On Guarantees of Child Rights” where child rights arc provided which arc in absolute harmony with rights shown Islamic Law.
6. In comparison legal documents of today has been widely changed than that of Tsarist Russia and Soviet, however, most of them arc of declarative feature.
7. In the years of Independence, we can show some steps of policies about the child rights racial, national and human discrimination of children; the public use of children as free labor force.
- adoption of national documents and the ratification of international standard documents absence of protection rights about health and education of the children;
- Child rights and welfare by first complex of laws and warranty of child rights during the famine; making the law that is declarative about child rights; 
during that period;
- Nurturing healthy generation and increase the quality of education.
8. Full observation of child rights After Independence of Uzbekistan systematic strategy of reformation that were implemented about providing child rights arc given in below: Formation of Law database that guarantee child rights and benefits and developing them (making national laws and ratification of international regulations). Establishment of institutional structure that provide child rights and development of them (state authorities, international organizations, non-profit organizations, funds, citizen’s self-governance organizations).
9. Improvement Efficiency and quality of education. Health Care and delivering healthy generation. Child - improvement of social protection system. Delivering moral perfect generation. Fetus - Construction of national action program to provide the child rights and execution of them: Naming years purposefully and on the basis of year program making movements. Programs of governmental actions. Juvenile Justice During the research we have faced necessity of definition of some concepts. And we analyzed the conventions that we had and we decided to definite them Juvenile founding- is Independence state organization that makes fair judgment on juvenile delinquency including rehabilitation, rc-socialation, prevention and control on providing the child rights.
Juvenile technology-is complex of actions including protection rights of the children which have conflict with the Law, development of the children’ individual potential to help them to grow up freely, supporting them to be perfect person, fighting against juvenile delinquency. Someone’s legal culture is seen as they are aware of the law and use them.
H.Suggestions that is related to development of legal documents and recommendation that is related to speciality
1. We suggest to change the term of “the child” and definite following: “the child is the human which their age is from the fetus to 18 years old” After research on the Islamic laws we can say that equality and pure bloodline rights of child remain as problem yet. Because of that it is is useful to implement to Today’s laws.
2. In the law of republic of Uzbekistan about guarantee of child rights and convention of child rights It is expedient to determine following tasks as duty of children:
3. To respect for the laws and the Constitution, to observe them; to respect for rights, independence, dignity and reputation of other persons; to care historical, spiritual and cultural heritage;
To act carefully to the environment; to obtain primary and secondary education; to be a loyal person to the homeland; to take care of parents.
4. The 15th article of the familial code of the Republic of Uzbckiston is suggested to be elaborated as shown below:
“Marriage age will be assigned 18 year old for men and women.
On the conditions of cxccusable reasons, in some situations (prcgrancy, child-bearing, declaration of teenager’s ability to act individually (emanciation)) marriage age could be reduced to a year at most by the district, town citizenship court where marriage is registered by the state, according to the request of marriage-seeker.
5. To accept “Juvenile Justice code of the Republic of Uzbekistan” and to make its performance step by step is of importance.
6. In crucial cases, to accept a law “About the representative (child ombudsman) for the child rights in the Republic of Uzbekistan”. Because of the fact that the Republic of Uzbekistan is a new developing country, at the same time, the realization of the representative (ombudsman) for the child rights in the Republic of Uzbekistan and Juvenile Justice make economic, social, organizational difficulties. These two organs have some aspects in common. For this reason, we primarily consider that it is much better to introduce the ideology of Juvenile Justice into life in our country. If there is a necessity of the institute of the representative of Oliy Majlis for the child rights, we think it is essential to establish an institute of children's ombudsman at next step.
7. To prepare and accept a law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About protection from information that harms children’s health and spirit” covering all aspects of protecting from information that is a harm for child mature development.
8. A new article in accordance with “ About making administratively responsible for activities concerned to preparing, bringing, spreading, advertising and presenting of items propagating aggression or violence into the administrative responsibility code of the Republic of Uzbekistan” has been forwarded to add.
9. It is crucial to fill the Crime code of the Republic of Uzbekistan with an article in accordance with “ About making criminally responsible, if the activities such as preparing, bringing, spreading, advertising and presenting of items propagating aggression or violence arc committed after having administrative punishment”.
10. A suggestion of filling the 8” part of the Crime code of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the term of “An item propagating aggression or violence” has been worked on.
III. The results of conclusions about social survey
Social survey dedicated to the child rights has been conducted on the primary and finishing courses of the secondary special educational establishments with the participation of 417 respondents in the different regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The results of the social survey has been comparably analysed by three parts: regional, gender, age.
The results of analyses in accordance with the social survey arc below:
1. It has been made clear that the entire number of children has not got knowledge about age limit. For this reason, it is crucial to carry out more explanations about the notion of “a child” among children and olders, to teach special lessons putting more stress on this theme around legal subjects in the educational establishments.
2. According to the analysis of the results, children have some understanding about their rights. But, the children who arc reminded to show a good results could count only 5 their rights at most. For this reason, focusing particular attention on the raise of legal awareness rate of the children, the rate children know their all rights should be achieved. So, it is crucial to accomplish the instructions below:
-It is important to care about behavioral-legal upbringing of the child from early child age in a family. On one hand, parents arc a role model by their behavioral-legal behavior. On the other hand, legal awareness on the child may be formed by knowledge, instructions, explanations on the different conditions of life. In that case, elder people in a family should assimilate to the child the quality of being truthful, not taking other belongings without informing them, not insulting or biting others, not putting down, otherwise, they must give understandings about the outcome of bad behavior and take them under control.
-To raise legal awareness of children by special lessons and exercises in educational establishments.
-To increase organs of law propagation in local communities, to give special attention to the children with deviant behavior.
-Civil board of local community, proactive inspector of the internal affairs’ organ and “Community Guardian” increase the efficiency of cooperation of the social structure in this way.
-The age of a person play a great role as a main subculture of legality. It is important to take the physiological facilities relating to the age of a person into account on giving legal education and pedagogy to a person. The affairs of explanation and propagation among youth must be conducted in accordance with their ages and in more interesting, clear, effective ways with real examples.
-To raise legality of the society will not stop with any pass. It should be continued regularly and constantly.
3. It is considered that children want to know about their rights by mass media, special lessons at schools and jurist’s advice. For thid reason, first of all, the children should be informed by interesting news on mass media and preparation of lessons about child rights and duties. Secondly, to add new lesson hours about child rights and duties to the programmes of teaching jurispcrudcncy in educational establishments and to held interesting competitions on this field among children. Thirdly, to open special advising rooms for children in educational establishments. These legal advising rooms should make approach to every child individually and guarantee to keep all the materials belonging to them secret. Several opportunities may be created for the children by opening these advising rooms in educational establishment: if the child come across a problem, find something unclear to understand or want to acquire a legal knowledge, it will not be problem for them where to address; Strange people or routines seeming scary to the spirit of the teenagers, the child might decide to solve this issue individually or make a wrong conclusion based on doubtful sources. The specialist of legally advising rooms at educational establishment are aware of child’s behavior, worldview, familial condition much better other establishments; the existence these advising rooms arc safe and thrifty for the children; the existence of these advising rooms lead to proliferation of legal awareness rate and legality of the children.
4. Analyzing the results from the viewpoint of regions, we witnessed differences on children’s answers on the different cities and regions showed typical positions by different categories. For example, the answers of Tashkent city and Toshkent region sharply differ from other regions by the category of harmful information: respondents found entire questions difficult to answer or did not wanted it.
5. We witnessed more positive answers of primary courses in comparition to finishing courses for some questions at secondary special educational establishments. Actually, the finishing courses was logically supposed to show much better results comparing with the primary courses beforehand. So, we can make conclusions as showed below: the quality of acquired knowledge rate of the children at school in recent years is higher than the quality of acquired knowledge rate of elder children; or children’s intellectual ability has lowered on the teaching process of secondary special educational establishment.
6. We can observe gender facilities on some issues. For example, the number of children considering “the most essential factor in life - family” includes more girls comparing with boys. The answer of “ the most essential factor in life -intellectual ability” was given more by boys in comparison to girls. Besides that, boys attending sports is double more than the girls attending sports. Because of the fact that girls should grow up physically healthy as a future mother, the efficiency of attracting them to varieties of sport must be increased.
7. A number of real problems on the way of ensuring child rights that children face in life at the present time has been found by the assistance of the social survey. According to the results of the research, children have been worried by the issues of not knowing their rights, the absence of broadcasts relating to child rights, ignorance, children upbringing. Children consider that they arc not sufficiently provided with the freedom of speaking, entering to universities by grant, the right of obtaining information, the right of receiving education and other rights like that.
According to the collected data, it is found out that children want to establish stipends for straight-A student at colleges, only budgetary education system, the conduction of lessons as the ones of foreign educational establishments, the conduction of lessons on computers, all the lessons being taught in English, using free means of transports, organizing ertrancc exams to universities twice a year and creating easiness to enter universities.
These data explains two cases: firstly, it goes without saying that college students have some understandings about the life and studies of their peers abroad. Secondly, it shows that children have unwillingness to get rid of dependence to some extent.
So, as well as promoting straight-A student at college, conducting lessons through interactive methods, we have to proliferate organizing of interactive lectures based on giving explanations about the meaning of motivations by jurist and other specialists from the term of number and quality.

The urgence and relevance of the theme of disertation. The supremacy for all countries of the world of fundamental laws and freedom secured in the General Declaration of human rights (1948), has transformed to objective necessity of creation of effective legal mechanism not damaging the rights, freedom and legitimate interests of citizens, preventions of application of illegal measures of compulsion or other measures of influence on participants of criminal trial, observance of the international standards in activity of employees of law-enforcement bodies of each state on struggle against criminality, maintenance of a public order and public safety.
In the course of large-scale reforms spent in our country in the years of independence target measures on maintenance of human rights and increasing of culture of human rights of employees of law-enforcement bodies have been taken and achieved certain results. More than 80 international documents are ratified in the sphere of human rights and human rights are recognised as appreciated value. Resolution «About the National program of increasing of legal culture in the society» was adopted by the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan in which defined that philosophical, social, economic, psychological researches and legal problems of essence, the maintenance, structure and display of legal culture, revealing of ways of its formation and the further increasing should be considered as priority directions of scientific researches1. In the Ministry of Internal Affairs an Office on protection of human rights and legal support was established and its territorial departments (branches) and one of the primary goals of the Office is to increasing the culture of human rights in employees of law-enforcement bodies. The announcement of 2017 as «Year of dialogue with people and interests of human» in our country shows the concerns of protection and support of human rights .
In the world particular attention is paid to such directions as implementation the international certificates in the national legislation, perfection of the international and national mechanisms of maintenance of human rights, increasing of responsibility of law enforcement officers during protection and maintenance of human rights, legality observance in the activity and increasings of culture of human rights.
Dissertation in certain degree will serve realisation of measures concerning protection and support of human rights and the problems reflected in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the organs of internal affairs» (№ ЎРҚ-407), the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the program of the actions devoted to the 60 anniversary of adoption of the General Declaration of human rights» (№ПФ-3994), Resolution of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the National program of increasing of legal culture in the society» (№ 466-1), the Decision of the Cabinet of the Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About measures on realisation of the National Program of increasing of legal culture in the society» (№ 235) and «About the statement of typical rules of ethical behaviour of workers of state bodies and enforcement authorities on places» (№ 62), The order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs «About the statement of rules of ethical behaviour of employees of law-enforcement bodies» (№ 82) and other corresponding legislative acts to the theme.
The aim of the research work is development of scientific conclusions and proposals for the development of increasing of culture of human rights among employees of law-enforcement bodies.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
interrelation and distinctive aspects of concepts «legal culture» and «culture of human rights» are proved, from philosophical-legal position, the essence of the concept of «culture of human rights of employees of law-enforcement bodies» is specified;
interrelation of concept of culture of human rights of employees of law-enforcement bodies with categories of a policy, philosophy and ethics is proved;
introduction of corresponding norms in the sphere of realisation of public control as one of factors of increasing of culture of human rights among employees of law-enforcement bodies is proved;
with a view of perfection of legal bases of maintenance of observance of human rights by employees of law-enforcement bodies introduction in the Law «About law-enforcement bodies» principles «legality», «observance and respect of the rights, freedom and legitimate interests of citizens» and «openness and transparency» is proved;
with a view of the prevention of illegal actions (negligence) of employees of law-enforcement bodies the order of reception, registration and consideration of references by means of «telephone hotlines» of law-enforcement bodies is proved;
for the prevention, elimination of the reasons and conditions of infringements of employees of law-enforcement bodies of service discipline and requirements of acts, their education in the spirit of strict observance of the rights and freedoms of human ethical rules of behaviour of employees of law-enforcement bodies are developed;
proposals and recommendations on elimination of the factors having negative influence on the process of formation and increasing of culture of human rights among employees of law-enforcement bodies are developed. 
The conclusion
1. Culture of human rights is the knowledge of cultural wealth, the international and national rules of law in the sphere of human rights and their implicit observance.
2. Culture of human rights of employees of law-enforcement bodies is the knowledge of employees of cultural wealth, the international and national rules of law in the sphere of human rights and their implicit observance.
3. The primary goals of formation and education under human rights consist of the following: first, formation of knowledge under human rights, their realization and guarantees; second, formation of feeling of the valid relation to the rights, to honour and advantage of the person; third, strengthening of a correct direction on protection of the person against various infringements of the law; fourth, formation of skills of correct application of rules of law at realization of the rights and freedoms.
4. In protection of the rights and freedoms of the person the term “mechanism” has in a greater degree remedial value according to which two parties - the party providing the right (state structures) and the party take place, having the rights and freedoms (citizens). At full performance by the party of the obligations providing the rights and freedoms of the person are provided. If the given party does not carry out the obligations, in this case a legal subject (the citizen, the person) cannot possess the rights and freedoms that the citizen leads to restriction of the rights.
5. It is possible to draw a conclusion that the policy in the sphere of human rights in our country is realised on the basis of following principles: fidelity to the conventional ideas and values of human rights and the international obligations as well; the policy in the sphere of human rights of our state starts with the basic national interests of formation of a lawful state and a strong civil society; a principle of balance of interests of the person, a society and the state, fixed in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan; evolutionally stage-by-stage character of all realised political and social and economic reforms; an openness and transparency as Uzbekistan is ready to discussion and the decision of all problems in this sphere in common with all structures of a civil society and the international partners.
6. In the conditions of building of a lawful state maintenance of a principle of leadership of the law and legality strengthening, realisation of human rights provides formation in a society of culture of human rights and activization of participation in this process not only state structures but also institutes of a civil society.
7. As a priority problem of activity of state structures in formation of culture of human rights in the country it is necessary to define following basic directions: formation and perfection of legal base of protection and realization of human rights in the republic; creation of additional national structures under human rights; definition of measures on realization and to the relation to human rights; maintenance of close interaction of state structures and public structures; studying and introduction in practice taking into account national features of the international experience in the sphere of protection and realization of human rights.
8. Working out government programs on studying and research of questions of human rights, information distribution to sphere of human rights, in particular, wide use with a view of informing of the public of educational means are considered as priority directions of increasing of culture of human rights.
9. Structural elements of culture of human rights among employees of law-enforcement bodies concern the following: set of norms in the field of human rights; principles under human rights; process of working out the norms in the field of human rights; process of maintenance of human rights; level of mastering by employees of law-enforcement bodies of knowledge in the sphere of human rights and skills of their use in practice; professional etiquette and aesthetic culture of employees of law-enforcement bodies; lines of activity of law-enforcement bodies on protection of human rights. In this connection, the complex approach is necessary for increasing of culture of human rights of employees of law-enforcement bodies to perfection and aforesaid development.
10. Such categories of ethics as conscience, a debt, justice, honour, honesty have great value in professional work of employees of law-enforcement bodies. As, rules of law if people do not observe their requirements on the basis of the internal belief, the rule of law as though have not been established and implicit maintenance of human rights in a society will remain as problem questions. In this connection, formation of such qualities as conscience, a debt, justice, honour, honesty should be realised together with questions of maintenance of execution of laws carrying out of legal propagation.
11. Along with universal moral requirements special demands are made to employees of law-enforcement bodies from a position of their professional work as well. Execution of these requirements should not be carried out only by means of control and compulsion and importance their realisation by employees on the basis of personal, internal belief is represented.
12. Efficiency of activity of employees of internal bodies in many respects is connected with their culture of communication as well. Besides, maintenance of their rights and freedoms in the course of communication with people, inviolability is considered to be a professional duty. At the same time it is an indicator of their professional etiquette and aesthetic culture.
13. Moral and legal issues of professional activity of employees of law-enforcement bodies find their expression in such inherent people of common to all mankind values as humanity, justice, freedom, equality, respect of natural rights and personal freedoms.
14. The ethical culture of employees of law-enforcement bodies is a system of moral requirements (principles and norms), as a result of knowledge, requirements and values reflected in deeply realised moral actions of employees in the course of realisation of professional authorities. Qualitative and effective performance of duties by employees of law-enforcement bodies have the importance in protection of honour and dignity of human concerning which lawful measures are taken or a legal aid is given, maintenance of authority of the employees, colleagues and governmental authorities as a whole.
15. In view of multiplicity of employees of law-enforcement bodies and various peculiarities of service directions, not all of them have higher education or not lawyers. In this connection, relatively employees without juridical education and having specialized secondary education and it is expedient to pay attention to measures on studying the requirements of legislative acts, systematic bringing to all employees accepted regulatory legal acts again.
16. Based on international experience, expedient introduction of system of training the discipline of “Human rights”, taught by the chair of the Theory and practice of human rights of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, separately from specialities «Investigatory activity», «Crime prevention activity», «Operational-search activity» and «Forensic activity» depending on specificity of each branch service is represented.
17. Within the limits of scientific work it is expedient to develop the program of actions for increasing of level of awareness of employees of law-enforcement bodies relatively the international and national legislation in the sphere of human rights, application of knowledge on human rights in one’s daily service activity and increasing the culture of human rights among employees.
18. It is reasonable to define the measures on definition of knowledge of citizens in the sphere of human rights (by means of conversation and introduction of questions in this direction in test) in their admission to service and training in law-enforcement bodies, systematically train them to international and national legislation in the field of human rights in the process in the subsequent special vocational training, training in educational institutions of law-enforcement bodies and training and retrainings.
Conclusions on perfection of normative-legal documents connected with the culture of human rights:
1. Having proved scientifically the necessity of perfection of the order of realisation of public control as one of the factors of increasing of culture of human rights among employees of law-enforcement bodies, conclusion on significant value of adoption of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About public control» is made. The law offers to fix legally a subject of control of state structures and the public, its objects and subjects, principles and control methods, interpretation of the basic concepts, powers of realising state and public control of subjects, particularly, the necessity of realisation of control on the basis of principles of leadership of human rights and an openness.
2. Based upon the requirements of Law «About openness of state governmental bodies» and the articles 5 of the Law «About organs of internal affairs», it is expedient to develop the regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs directed on maintenance of openness of activity of law-enforcement bodies. It is one of factors of maintenance of observance of human rights employees of law-enforcement bodies.
3. In Provision about the Ministry of Internal Affairs confirmed by the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as one of the primary tasks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is offered to reflect realisation of complex measures on increasing of culture of human rights among employees of law-enforcement bodies.
4. In Provision about the order of service in the organs of internal affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan confirmed by the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is offered to bring a position that fulfilment of service in in the organs of internal affairs consists of protection of rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens, property of physical and legal person, constitutional system, maintenance of rule of law, safety of the person, society and state.
5. In the Disciplinary charter of the organs of internal affairs confirmed by the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan as duties of employees of law-enforcement bodies in the field of observance and maintenance of service discipline is offered to bring in the following: knowledge and strict observance by each employee of the primary tasks and service duties; observance of rules of service activity and realisation of the powers established by the law; observance of the moral-ethical rules confirmed by the Cabinet of Ministers and the Minister of Internal Affairs; the respectful relation to all employees of the labour collective without dependence of a office; maintenance of nondisclosure of the secrets which are received in the course of execution of official duties and being under protection of the state and the law, private life data, health, honour and advantage of citizens; observance of requirements of discipline on realisation of the powers, work with physical and legal persons; exclusion of the facts of the offences connected with corruption, in fulfillment of service duties and day-to-day activity.
6. In the Law «About public service» which development noted in the report of the head of our state on solemn celebrating of the 24 anniversary from the date of adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan as one of the principal duties of civil servants is offered to fix legislatively observance and maintenance of the rights and interests of the persons and also a rule of ethical behaviour of workers of state bodies and enforcement authorities in places confirmed by the Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 62 from March, 2nd, 2016.

Actuality- and importance of the dissertation theme. In the present circumstances, when it is observed the increase of internationalization trends, globalization and information technology in development of higher education1 in the world, the special significance is the improvement of teacher training mechanisms of preparation to effective communication of future specialists, as well as the development of their global thinking.
In Uzbekistan, since the first years of independence, it was reached the conclusion about the necessity of training of high qualified specialists in higher educational institutions at level of world standards as an important link of continuous education system, training highly spiritual and well-educated personalities firmly mastered the modem technologies and scientific achievements that have social and communicative activity.Rcforms being implemented based on the Law "On education”. National training program contributed to radically improvement of human resource capacity of education system, training of physically healthy, spiritually perfect and harmoniously developed young generation having the high intellectual potential and advanced knowledge, independent thinking*, capable to freely, sequentially and accurately express their thoughts, implementation of subjectsubject relationships in the higher educational institutions, modem personal-oriented education technologies, and as the important task is improving the training to technologies and techniques of effective communication of future specialists.
Global movements in the sphere of training of the high qualified specialists in the world in compliance with the requirements of developed democratic state building and civil society assume the training of students of higher education institutions to technologies and techniques of effective communication, development of such professional and personal qualities as communication culture, empathy and speech art. In researches conducted in the world in the sphere of training of higher education students to technologies of effective communication, the significant importance gains the issues of development of certain task-oriented module technologies, definition of human and national moral and aesthetic aspects of verbal and non-verbal tools of communication, development in future specialists the such qualities as culture of interpersonal, intcrcultural and public communication, moderator and supervision abilities, as well as the ability to analyze comprehensively, to think in a cohesive way and to discuss soundly. In this context, the important research and practical value is the improvement of pedagogical mechanisms of higher education students training to effective communication.
This dissertation work to a certain extent serves for implementation of tasks, defined by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the state youth policy” adopted in 2016, Decree of the President of the republic of Uzbekistan “On additional measures directed to implementation of the state youth policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan” dd. February 6, 2014 No.nil-2124. Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures on further development of the activity of the Tashkent State Pedagogical University” dd. May 13, 2016 No. 153, as well as the number of other documents and regulatory acts related to this sphere.
The aim of the research is improvement of technologies and techniques of preparation of higher education students to effective communication.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
it was defined the motivational, cognitive, active, technological and reflexive criteria of students preparation to technologies and techniques of effective communication, as well as the moral and esthetic peculiarities and variability of verbal and nonverbal communication tools;
it was developed the organizational and technological, effective and reflexive components of preparation model;
it was improved the methodical basics of students preparation to technologies and techniques of effective communication based on organization of extracurricular lessons of emotional and characteristic, intellectual and creative, correctional and development nature; 
it was developed the local and module technology of students preparation to technologies and techniques of effective communication based on the integration of specific targeted and organizational components;
it was proven the proposals and recommendations on improvement of moderator and supervision practice in preparartionm of students to effective communication.
Conclusion
Based on the researches given in the doctoral dissertation on the theme “Pedagogical opportunities of students preparation to effective communication technology and techniques” (case study of extracurricular studies), the following conclusions arc given:
1. Studies in recent years, scientific research in our country show the existence of the need for higher education institutions improve the training of future specialists for effective communication and pedagogical mechanisms of their globalization of thinking. Revealed the usefulness of extracurricular training opportunities in the implementation of these issues in the higher education institutions as the development of modular technology, focused on a specific goal, improving the moderator and Supervising practice, identifying human and national moral and aesthetic aspects of verbal and non-verbal means of communication, the development of communicative and emotional culture of the future specialists.
2. As for the dissertation topic, the nature communicative culture, communication, its structure, types, styles, means, factors of efficiency, communication and activity, its criteria were considered in the work. It was developed the content of pedagogical high schools’ students training to technology  and techniques of effective communication on the example of extracurricular classes on author's program "Art of Communication".
3. Identified and substantiated based on the examples of classes the opportunities of extracurricular work in students preparing to technology and technique of effective communication within the author's educational system. The theoretical and pedagogical, practical bases of the problem have been developed. It was shown the experimental training of pedagogical high schools' students to technology and technique of effective communication at extracurricular classes on mastering the art of communication, in particular, its technology and technique.
4. As the result of successful experiment, it was tested the developed and scientifically proven theoretical and pedagogical, practical aspects of the problem, it was obtained the positive results, based on which the relevant theoretical and pedagogical, practical positions, conditions, conclusions were established, adjusted and classified into the certain system, and the recommendations were developed as well.
5. The successful solution of the problem is due to several factors: definition and justification of the research idea, the author’s concept, system and pedagogical, practical approach to its implementation. The aims and objectives of the study were positively resolved as a result of provision of conceptual approaches, teaching theoretical and practical basis and the actual process of communication on social and communicative level.
6. The practical significance of the study is determined by drawing the models of organization of innovative activity of teachers in preparing students for effective communication, interpretation from a pedagogical point of view of the nature and content of the basic concepts for the study, the implementation of extracurricular activities program on the art of communication, aimed at preparing students for effective communication practice in universities.
7. The theoretical significance of the research: in the actualization of the meaning of the training of students; Disclosure of pedagogical possibilities of solving the problem; optimal conditions in the system; theoretical teaching and practical basis.
8. Main conditions, conclusions and recommendations were tested, implemented and applied in teaching practice of high schools. Availability of confirmation of their pedagogical efficiency and sufficient high effectiveness in preparing students to technology and technique of effective communication, in improving the communicative professional and pedagogical knowledge and capabilities.
9. Special attention in the preparation of students for the technology and equipment to communicate effectively paid to strengthening cooperation "teacher -student", "teacher - student", "student - student." Important importance in the integration of higher education institutions to pedagogical-psychological subjects with extracurricular classes.
10. Preparation of students of higher educational institutions to effective communication is seen as a personal, social and public and professional-pedagogical problem of national importance, as is aimed at education of socially active young generation in social and communicative sphere, with independent thinking, able to express freely and accurately their thoughts .

The topicality' and demand of the subject of the dissertation. Over the last decades in the global economy, especially in the framework of the global economic and financial crisis theoretical views regarding the role of participation of small business in economic development as well as the role of the state in regulating the economy have radically changed. According to the reports of International Monetary Fund (IMF), “Nowadays in the world 90% of enterprises belonging to small and medium businesses, employ 63% of the world population. In terms of the European Union, the overall proportion of small and medium businesses account for 99,8 per cent, ensuring employment to 85 percent of the population that are involved in the formation of only 58 percent of the value added».1
Since the first years of independence the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in our country has been determined to be an important factor in ensuring socio-economic development. “Speaking about it, it is necessary to emphasize the formation of strong legislation and legal framework and their continuous improvement, systematic assistance by the government in the modernization and technical and technological re-equipment of production, providing preferences and privileges for business». 2 The government has implemented systematic measures to regulate this sector, in particular, the measures aimed at increasing share in employment and gross domestic product, improving the technological structure, satisfaction of needs in credit resources and create a favorable business environment have been undertaken. As a result of these important reforms by the end of 2015- achieved the following performance has been achieved: 56,5% the share of small business and private entrepreneurship in the gross domestic product share is 40,6%, the share of agriculture production was 98,4%, and the volume of investments in the fixed capital has reached 35,8%. In addition, currently 77,9% of the employed population are working in the sphere of small business and private entrepreneurship.
Improving the economic mechanisms for regulating small business by the government, as well as enhancing the efficiency of these processes, determining the criteria for a number of employees in small business as the object of the regulation by the state, the creation of the favourable environment for small businesses, the effective use of monetary regulation mechanisms, enhancing its participation in foreign trade activities, creation of new jobs and the full use of the opportunities for increasing incomes, the activation of the implementation of innovative ideas and technologies are considered to be currently urgent issues. From this point of view, the topic of the doctoral research is relevant.
This doctoral research, to a certain extent, conduced the execution of the tasks determined by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № -4354 “On additional measures on forming maximum favourable business environment for further development of small business and private entrepreneurship” dated from August 24, 2011, as well as the Decree №-4725 “On measures to ensure reliable protection of private property, small business and private entrepreneurship, the removal of barriers to their accelerated development” dated from May 15, 2015, №-4848 “On additional measures to ensure the accelerated development of entrepreneurship, the full protection of private ownership and qualitative improvement of the business climate”, dated from October 5, 2016, as well as in the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 232 “On improvement of mechanisms of stimulating the development of small businesses” dated from May 27, and other legal documents concerning this activities.
The purpose of the research is to develop therotical, methotical and practical recommendations improving economic mechanisms of the state regulation of small businesses.
Scientific novelty' of the results of the study is the following:
the theoretical and methodological approach to determine such criteria of quantitative limits of the concepts of small business as “minimum effective level” and “functional equipment”, and the harmonization of the labour force with the latest added products have been substantiated;
the optimal terms of the process of the state registration of business entities have been determined; scientific and methodological aspects of improving the state regulation through the development of the activities of the special infrastructure services ensuring their effective implementation have been justified; improved methodological approach based on the implementation of the assessment system, as well as fixed assets, and leverage the effectiveness of the support and participation of subjects of small business and private entrepreneurship in raising the export potential of the regions have been developed;
economic mechanisms stimulating mutual interests of continuous involvement in the production of specialists trained in the field of employment promotion, while increasing the harmonious balance of demand and supply of labour in the economy through small businesses have been substantiated;
the methodology to assess the level of development of entrepreneurship environment on the basis of the compliance indicators of World Bank Doing Business rating have been developed;
the rating method of evaluating the degree of targeting of assistance in the preparation of the export agreement to support exports of small businesses and private entrepreneurship has been worked out.
Conclusion
1. Regulation of activity of small businesses’ activity, the effective implementation of the state economic policy in the process of support, freedom of activities and selection of entrepreneurship, self-management, initiative, prioritization of economic interests - all these principles, as well as the organization from the viewpoint of not causing damage to the motivational parties create opportunities for the rapid development of the industry.
2. With the aim of determining the object state settlement small businesses, the reliance on theoretical foundations of benchmarking the number of employed, in particular, added the product of labor, based on the concept of “minimum efficient scale” enterprise and number of employees of the company “bundling from the point of view of functionality” that will ensure the efficiency of the industry.
3. Forms and methods of the state regulation of activity of small businesses differ depending on the degree of development of the industry, it is necessary to use appropriate tools. If at the beginning of the development of the industry play an important role entrepreneurship training, assistance in preparation of business plan and advice, provision of various benefits, micro-lending, the next step is preferential crediting, leasing, creation of a system of safeguards, all medium-term loans in the next stage - provision of public order, assistance in entering foreign markets, attracting domestic and foreign investment. If at the initial stage of the development of small businesses development the mechanisms of the direct regulation are considered to be effective, with the further development of the role of indirect mechanisms of the state regulation increases.
4. The simplification of registration of business entities, in particular in reducing the time approached from the point of view of encouraging their greater organization, starting with the support of the ideas of businesses, examining their capabilities and to processes for the preparation of the necessary documents efficiently and in a short time, which is necessary to improve the activities of the special infrastructure services and enhance the mechanism of responsibility for their quality service. All these factors enable to expand the boundaries of state regulation of these processes and increase the efficiency.
5. In the framework of the state regulation of subjects of small business align with indicators Doing Business indicators of the national rating system that expresses the degree of development of the business environment, as well as evaluation of the ratio of their coverage, will have a tangible impact on the improvement of business conditions.
6. High level of effectiveness provide in determining benefits from the state to small businesses as an important structural part of the state economic policy in this process; this allows to reduce the incentive effects of benefits; use of consistent and mutual interconnectedness, benefits, based on the content of each form, it is necessary to use in each separate case the most efficient type of benefit; to constantly analyze the impact of benefits, to evaluate their effectiveness under changing conditions if the effect decreases, it is necessary to take timely measures to change them.
7. Taking into account the peculiarities of monetary policy in the state regulation of small businesses will create opportunities to improve the efficiency of these processes. Especially, it is appropriate resolution for the proper formation of needs for Bank loans from small businesses, stimulating these processes in the first place, to ensure the economic activity in the country a sufficient amount of money that is ensuring tasks of the economy monetization to an acceptable degree.
8. To improve the efficiency of lending to small businesses by commercial banks of the state influence should incorporate the following main activities: increasing the interest of commercial banks in lending to small businesses; use the levers of monetary policy of the Central Bank to encourage commercial banks in lending to small business; to stimulate an increase in special loan funds for granting preferential loans; to encourage the increase in the share of long-term loans in the credit portfolios of commercial banks.
9. The formation of the unified strategy to ensure the effective participation of each factor inherent in the product, enterprise, industry, region and macro environment, the promotion of foreign trade activities of small businesses is provided through the development of levers of regulation of the sector, region and macro-environment in exporting of goods. Here the method “Rating with respect of the reverse order” is used when assessing the targeting of the assistance provided in the drafting of export agreements creates the possibility of increasing the efficiency of these processes.
10. Simple process of organization of small businesses, their ability to quickly create new jobs with low capital intensity, the adoption of labor implementation of the quantitative result, a wide distribution of decent work and employment - all these aspects create additional opportunities to increase incomes and create a balance between supply and demand on the labour market. The introduction of economic mechanisms stimulating the recruitment, training and retraining centers employees completed professional training and retraining, improved methods of distribution by regions, identified in the State program quantities in the context of a rapidly changing market economy, especially in the structure of demand and supply labour under the influence of modernization processes and structural changes, it is possible to reduce the arising contradictions.
11. As a result of verification the methods of Gauss-Markov was determined by a multivariate regression model that has a statistical value, valid settings, no errors multicollinearity and heteroscedastic, showed one hundred to increase share in GDP small businesses to increase the number of businesses and volume of investments. Here, the important areas are the development of cooperative ties is a small business with large enterprises, the increase in employment in them, especially the increase of employment through creation of small businesses in rural areas.
12. The implementation of these proposals with state regulation of innovative activity of small business, in particular, the organization “Fund for modernization and innovation” in every major enterprise, with the objective of enhancing the participation of small business in innovation activities of a certain percentage of the Fund (for example, from 5 to 20%) to engage with innovative small businesses; minimizing costs for ITCI parent company for venture capital investment directed to cooperate with small businesses, selected large firms, exchange of technology, personnel and to effectively solve problems of engineering and technology, will create relatively strong cooperation ties between enterprises.

The actuality of the dissertation and the demand for it. According to the data provided from World Health Organization (WHO) 1-4% of the population of the Earth suffer from polypoid rhinosinusitis. The occurence of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis among other ENT dcscascs is 15,4% and in patients with sinusitis it occurs in 15-20% of cases. Despite the improvement os surgical technique and the presence of a great number of medicines the recurrence of the disease can be observed in 5-60% of cases. It is necessary to note that the index of the occurence of the disease is 5,2% in workforce. This disease brings about temporary disability to work and the increase of economical cxpcnccs, which determines social significance and actuality of the problem of effective treatment of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis *.
With the attainment of independence of Uzbekistan, resulting in large-scale reforms in most spheres of life of the people as well as in the health care system which arc aimed at strengthening the health of population, good results have been reached in the sphere of diagnostics, effective treatment of ENT diseases, as well as conducted functional surgery with the use of modem cndoscopycal and navigation technology in the treatment of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis have improved the effectiveness of treatment by 20%.
Insufficient study of cthiopathogcnctic factors of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis development and the reasons of the recurrence of polypoid process, undcrcvaluating its various forms and incomplete determination of the notions related to the diagnostics and effectiveness of treatment reflects the problem of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis. Together with this, the problems related to the advancement of the level of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis prophylactics and the quality of ENT consultation in the sphere of healthcare in regions and districts of Republic is considered not completely solved. This is the reason why they remain to be priority direction of scientific researches.
The dissertation serves for the realization of the tasks that stem from the documents and adopted decrees №1271 of the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On state program «The Year of a Harmoniously developed generation» from January 2010 and the decree № 2133 that of February 19, 2014 and other legal documents related to this sphere.
The aim of the research is the identification of clinical and immunnological peculiarities of the course of various forms of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis and the development of the tactics aimed at the reduction of the disease recurrence.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation is in the following:
the morphological division of the polypoid fiber into «cosinophillic» and «ncutrophillic» types of polyps have been investigated and their frequency of occurrence in the conditions of the local population have been determined;
determined the course of polypoid process and the causes of recurrence of disease depending on the «eosinophillic» and «neutrophillic» types of polyps;
proved a significant increase of levels of natural killer cells, factor of allergy, apoptosis, IL-4, IgE and the presence of immunodeficiency condition in «eosinophilic» polypoid rhinosinusitis, increase of levels IgA and IL-8 in «neutrophilic» polypoid rhinosinusitis;
determined by the presence of «growth zone» in polyp tissue, high participation of cellular and humoral factors in the course of the disease, irreversible changes in the natural state of the nasal mucosa;
determined easy, moderate and severe courses of the disease by carrying out the survey and justified the use of intranasal corticosteroid, macrolide and immunomodulator on severity of the disease.
Conclusion
On the basis of research on doctoral dissertation on «Clinical-immunological feautures of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis and their treatment» presented the following conclusions:
1. The retrospective analysis of the illness record of the patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis allowed us to come to conclusion that the most significant reasons of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis recurrence in 67,3% cases arc related to the inefficient cfficasy of the complex treatment and in 32,7% - the course of the rehabilitation period. Shortness of surgical interferences related to nasal polyps in the patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis was 4,7 times at average, which proves the absence of full recovery and healing of the nasal mucosa. In 62,5% of cases the leading role is given to the duration of inflammatory process and the presence of allcrgical background.
2. The citomorphological research of the polypoid tissue in the patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis elicited the presence of cosinophillic and neutrophillic inflammation and accordingly the division of nasal polyps into «eosinophilic» and «neutrophilic» forms, which helps the specialist in the process of choosing the tactics of treatment. The functional research of the nasal mucosa in the patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis detected the decrease of transporting function (36,3±0,86 and 37,5±0,74 minutes accordingly), P<0,()() 1 in comparison with control), increase of the pH in alkaline side (7,4±0,01 and 7,3±0,01 accordingly, р<0,001 in comparison with control), decrease in the suction function (89,9±6,6 and 80,3±4,0 minutes accordingly p<0,() 1 in comparison with control) increase in the excretory function (58,4±0,8 and 55,7±O,8 mg accordingly, p<0,001 in comparison with control), which might contribute to the frequent recurrence of the disease. It is important to note that in the patients with «cosinophillic» polypoid rhinosinusitis more distinct changes in the nasal mucosa were detected in comparison with «ncutrophillic» form.
3. The microbiological research of the nasal mucosa in the patients with «eosinophilic» and «neutrophilic» polyps detected the predominance of Coag. neg. Staphylococci (in 50% and 66,6% cases accordingly, P<0,05) and S. aureus (in 33,3% and 33,3% cases accordingly, P<0,05) in comparison with control. However, in «neutrophilic» polyps the characteristic feature was the presence of P. acncs (20%), KI. pneumonia (18,3%) and Entcrobactcr spp. (7%). The results of the allergological research showed that in 61,3% of the patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis the reaction to allergens was positive, which was mainly observed in the patients with «eosinophilic» polyps. In 38,7% of the patients the reaction to allergens was negative and it was observed in the patients with «neutrophilic» polyps.
4. The indicators of the cellular and humoral immunity in peripherieal blood in the patients with «eosinophilic» polypoid rhinosinusitis detected the increase in the amount of natural killers (19,7±3,60%, p<0,001), the factor of allcrgization (24,2±2,25%, p<0,001) and apoptosis (24,0±3,15%, p<0,001), IL-2 (10,6±3,53 pg/mg, p<0,001), IL-4 (6,4±2,31 pg/mg, p<0,001) and IgE (239±19,1 ME/ml, p<0,001), which indicates the allcrgization of the organism when the patients with «neutrophilic» polypoid showed the tendency to the increase of the level of IgA (167,8±17,88 mg%, p<0,001), IL-2 (12,5±4,81 pg/mg, p<0,001), IL-4 (7,3±1,13 pg/mg, p<0,001), IL-8 (9,9±3,72 pg/mg, p<0,001). It proves the presence of a long chronic inflammatory process in the organism.
5. The morphological and immunohistochemical study of polypoid fiber in the patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis detected that in «eosinophilic» polyps of the nose «the zones of growth» of the polypoid process were observed more frequently in comparison to «neutrophilic» polyps of the nose, the participation of cellular and humoral factors in the course of the disease, the formation of irreversible changes in nasal mucosa which leads to the loss of its functional activity and the creation of premises to the disease recurrence was also discovered.
6. The algorythm of the diagnostics and treatment of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis with the usage of a complex methods of research, including immunological, morphological and immunological research which we have worked out, allowed us to create the approaches to the treatment of the patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis and for the improvement of the quality of life of patients and the prognosis of the disease.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Common or soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) feeds about 40% of the world population and provides 20% of the total food calories and protein in human nutrition1. Wheat occupies 17% (one-sixth) of the total crop acreage worldwide'. According to the FAO experts (2007) wheat has occupied about 20% of the total cultivated crop area (213 mln. ha) and its annual production was 619 mln. tons of grain5.
Taking into account increasing needs of the country’s population government of Uzbekistan from the first days of independence has charged our agriculture with a task to produce enough quantities of wheat grain in order to cover all needs of country’s population with own grainand this program is being realised successfully.During just few years Uzbekistan has entered in the group of countries of Central, Western Asia and North Africa that produce highest grain yields4. During years of independence considerable successes had been gained in covering population’s needs with own grain, so, yields from each hectare of the total irrigated area over 1 M ha have reached 5,0 metric tons in 2009 and 2010 and exceeded 6 MT annually in 2014 to 2016.
Further improving wheat growing practices and rising grain productivity is possible, if modern intensive technologies are introduced. The most important part of these technologies is protection of the crop against diseases, because some of them can fast occupy whole fields and cause big yield losses. During some years one can see that on fields of wheat, a strategic crop, some diseases have increased their prevalence and causes significant yield losses if not protected with fungicides. Thus, phytosanitary state of wheat fields should be monitored continuously and if there is a danger of wide distribution and development of any disease, then fast action on its control should be undertaken; this is an evidence of the extreme urgency of the subject of the dissertation.
Investigations of this thesis to a certain extent serve in realization of tasks put by the direction of the Oliy Majlis about introduction into power of the Act of the Republic of Uzbekistan №117-11 dated 31 August 2000 «Protection of agricultural plants against pests, diseases and weeds», Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-1047 of January 26, 2009 «On additional measures to increase food production and saturation of the domestic market» and Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 148 of March 29, 2004 «On measures to improve the structure and enhance service efficiency in plant protection», as well as the tasks defined by other regulatory and legal acts. 
The aim of the research work is monitoring phytosanitary state of wheat fields in central and southern regions of Uzbekistan, assessing distribution and development of diseases, identifying their causal agents, identification of infection sources of main diseases, levels of their negative effects on grain yield, and determining biological efficacy of new, modem fungicides against these diseases.
Scientific novelty of the research work is expressed in the followings:
phytosanitary state of wheat fields of central and southern regions, and distribution and development of wheat diseases have been determined on the base of 13-years monitorings for the first time after gaining independence by the country;
species composition of the main and accompanying diseases has been identified, and representatives of necrothrophic pathogenic fungi have been isolated onto pure cultures;
infection of wheat heads with «olive spot» infection of kernels with «black point» have been determined for the first time in the country;
ways of overwintering of rust and leafspot diseases of wheat and primary sources of their infection have been determined;
negative effects of main diseases on total yield and yield constituents of wheat have been determined by conducting field trials on natural and artificial backgrounds of diseases;
both biological and farm efficacies of new seed treatments and spray fungicides against wheat diseases have been determined by carrying out state testings of these products;
convenient methods of assessing cereal diseases and determining biological efficacy of fungicides have been developed and published.
Conclusions
1. It has been determined that the most wide spread diseases on wheat fields of central and southern regions of Uzbekistan in 2004-2016 were leaf spots. However, their severities in most cases were low. Analyses have shown that cause of infectious leaf spots were Septoria tritici and Drechslera tritici-repentis. It has been found as well that almost 40% of all leaf spots on wheat fields were of non-infectious nature.
2. It has been evidenced that stripe rust was the most dangerous disease of wheat plants; this disease has occupied first position on mean incidence and mean severity in years when epidemics of stripe rust have been observed.
3. Leaf rust of wheat has appeared on fields ususlly after the second half of growth periods, mainly in foci, and it’s severity rarely has reached high intensity. Stem rust has not practically been registered on wheat fields.
4. It has been determined, that currently incidence of the dangerous Fusarium root I stem rot and bunt (mainly on unirrigated lands) diseases have beenincreasing in our country.
5. Infection of wheat heads with olive spot and it’s kernels with black point have been registered in our country for the first time; it has been determined that these diseases were caused by Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria alternata, respectively. These diseases have been met on many wheat fields in 2016.
6. Infection of wheat plants with a cereal cyst nematode + Fusarium root / stem rot complex has been registered for the first time in the country.
7. It has been determined that sources of primary infection of stripe rust in conditions of Uzbekistan were infected in autumn wheat seedlings, and that this pathogen overwinter as latent mycelium in leaf tissues or, in lesser degree, in the form of open sori of spores.
8. It has been found, that wheat leaf spot fungi in conditions of Uzbekistan are preserved as mycelium and conidia on plant residues; pycnidia of Septoria tritici, and conidia of Drechslera tritici-repentis, and mycelium of both fungi could function as sources of the primary infection at spring times. These fungi did not infect wheat kernels and they did not persist in grain seeds.
9. Wheat diseases and stripe rust in particular could lower grain yield of highly susceptible varieties by 4% to 5% in disease-suppressive seasons in our country, but yield of the most of other varieties did not suffer notably. In seasons or cases when favourable for stripe rust weather conditions have been established later in season (at end of flowering to grain filling growth stages) grain yield losses equal to 7% to 1 Shave been registered.
10. In seasons when stripe rust epidemics have been developed grain yield losses of unprotected with fungicide sprays wheat fields have reached 1090 to 1520 kgs/ha (31 -39%) or more.
11. It has been established that severities of leaf spot diseases were very low and grain yield losses due to these diseases did not occur in most of observed seasons in our country; however, in cases, when development of leaf spots has reached moderate intensities on wheat fields located at foothills then losses of 270 to 540 kgs/ha (or 7.2% to 17.7%) have been recorded.
12. Biologic efficacies of fungicides tested in state testing trials conducted in 2010-2015 have been as below: 8 new spray fungicides against stripe rust and powdery mildew - 99.7-100%, 2 products against Septoria leaf blotch and tan spot -25.0-33.9% and 24.1-49.7%, 3 seed treatments against smut and bunt - 100%, and 2 seed treatments against common root rot - 25.0-33.9%. Basing on these results the below fungicides have been registered by the State Chemical Commission for use in the country: Bumper Super 490 EC, Kolosal Pro 50 EW Cone., Tilzol 25 EC, Titul Duo 40 cone, colloid soltn., Acanto Plus 28 SC, Khimpakt 35 SC, Allis Premier 10 SC, Duazole 40 cone, colloid soltn. against stripe rust and the latter - against powdery mildew, Moerconazole 6 EW, Sertikor 50 EC and Essenzalil 27 SC -against smut and bunt, and last two products - against root rot diseases.
13. It has been determined that one treatment with any of the following fungicides - Titul Duo 40 cone, colloid soltn. (0.2 L/ha), Kolosal Pro 50 EW Cone. (0.2-0.3 L/ha), Tilzol 25 EC (0.5 L/ha) or with their analogues, each of them could stop development of wheat stripe rust during 35 to 35 days.
14. In cases when «infection pressure» of the rust disease on the field is very high (in epidemic seasons), or plants are infected severely and simultaneously with both rust and leaf spot diseases, then it could be necessary, taking into account weather forecast, to apply fungicide two more times with interval 15 to 20 days.
15. New 0-5 scale has been developed for assessing seed and seedling rots of cereals and rice,and another existing 0-5 scale for assessing root rots of adult plants of these crops has been modified.
16. New notion named «mean infection intensity of plants» and new empiric formula for calculation of this parameter have been developed and introduced into practice for making determination of biologic efficacy of seed treatment and spray fungicides against cereal diseases easier.
17. Treatment with Titul Duo 40 CCS (0.2 L/ha) and Duazole 40 CCS (0.2 L/ha) against stripe rust of wheat has provided with 100% biological efficacy, and, has resulted in production of the additional yields equal to 130.7 and 120.1 kgs/ha against untreated check; and their profitability has been 47.5% and 45.5%, respectively. Conditional net profit per hectare at using these fungicides, respectively, has equalled to 1 028 thousand and 983 thousand Sums, their economic efficacy compared with untreated check has been 510 thousand and 465 thousand Sums. Payback of 1 Sum expense has been 1.45 to 1.47 times.

The urgency and necessity of the dissertation’s subject. The urgency and necessity of the dissertation’s subject. Currently main requirements of cereal growing in our country arecreation of high-yielding, having quality grain, resistant to various adverse conditions varieties of the soft and hard wheats, organization of seed production correctly, improving their varietal properties and growing technologies. Wheat grain yields harvested in the world has totalled 730 mln t in 20167. Production of both high and quality grain of cereals including wheat is the most important problems in securing food safety.
As a result of wide-spectrum activities for satisfying population’s needs with a bread and bakery produced from our own grain our republic has gained grain independence during a short time. So, thanking to creation of wheat varieties suitable for growing in conditions of the country including its southern regions and producing both high and quality yields, and distribution of these varieties in a correct way, organizing production of their seeds and using proper growing technologies more than 7.2 mln tons of the grain yield has been produced in 2015, and an average productivity has been 5.27 tons/has.
While grain yields of the soft wheat produced in the cereal-growing countries of the world arc used mainly for satisfying population’s needs with a bread and bakery those of the hard (durum) wheat are used for production of the macaroni and confectionery products. Comparing with soft wheat varieties durum wheat plants are more resistant to drought and high temperatures, only slightly subjected to infection by stripe and brown rust, smuts and bunts, and its grains do not fall of ears at maturing. Therefore, breeding focuses on creation of new durum wheat varieties, the most adaptable to the environmental conditions of each region, and not reducing their productivity in various conditions. Developing new wheat varieties and increasing volumes of the grain production are one of the most urgent issues of the day as in the world as in our country. Therefore, the main task of scicntists-brccdcrs is creating high-yielding, intensive-type varieties of wheat, that are resistant to drought and high temperatures, diseases, pests, and lodging, and suitable for growing on local soil and climatic conditions of different regions of the country.
Perfomance of research under the present dissertation is based on the laws of Republic of Uzbekistan «On selection achievements», as well as on the Resolution № PK-2460 of the Decree of the President of Uzbekistan from December 29, 2015 “On measures for additional reforms and development activities in agriculture in 2016-2020”, in the regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of 19 September 1996 «On the policy of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of seed production» and other pertinent regulatory and legal documents.
The purpose of research. Is a selection of primary sources of soft and durum wheats basing on comprehensive studying samples of the world collection received for creation of primary sources suitable for growing in soil-climatic conditions of country’s southern regions, combine high-yielding potential and high-quality grain, early maturing and resistant to adverse environmental factors.
Scientific novelty of the research work To achieve the assigned goal the followings tasks of the study have been put:
determination of the main biological properties of the soft and hard wheats belonging to the different ecological-geographical groups;
duration of the crop growth till maturity, productivity, grain quality, and adaptability to various conditions of durum wheat varieties and samples have been studied in conditions of unirrigated drylands ;
early maturing, high-yielding, resistant to diseases, pests and lodging as well as satisfying the requirements of the practice varieties grown in irrigated lands have been selected for crossings and creating new varieties;
genetically different Fl generations received by crossing local and foreign varieties have been selected and studied revealing cases of dominance and full inheritance;
paternal and maternal pairs have been crossed and nature of inheritance of valuable farm characters and features have been determined for development of early-maturing, high-yielding, high quality, resistant to adverse environment factors and diseases hybrids using method of crossing;
in the course of creation of hybrids of the soft and hard wheat belonging to the various ecological-geographical groups paternal and maternal pairs have been crossed and nature of inheritance of valuable farm characters and featureshas been determined;
resistance of soft wheat varieties to various diseases and pests have been estimated;
growth, development and economical efficacy of Krasnodar-99, « Bunyodkor», «Barhayot» and «Farovon» varieties grown in accordance with pre-identified optimal numbers of irrigations have been determined for the first time;
for the first time recommendations on improving productivity of durum wheat grown on non-irrigated rainfed fields by using correct rates and terms of phosphorous fertilizers and spraying with a suspension during the growth period have been developed.
Conclusions
1. After studying during 2008-2009 310 varieties and samples of soft wheat on irrigated areas and 220 varieties and samples of hard wheat on unirrigated rainfed fields it has been found that 54 varieties and samples were early-maturing, 185 ones middle-ripening, and 71 varieties and samples has been late-maturing ones.Grain yield produetivity of 44 varieties has been 4.0 tons/ha, that of 138 varieties was 4.0 to 5.0 tons/ha, yield of 83 varieties equaled to 5.0 to 6.0 tons/ha, and size of the yields in 45 varieties has exceeded 6.0 tons/ha.
2. All trials have been conducted on foothill areas (Shakhrisabz district), median (Karshi district) and steppe regions (Kasbi district). For using at breeding process 22 samples and 8 varieties already grown commercially or being promising ones have been selected; special agricultural-ecological variety testing nursery has been created where these 30 samples and varieties have been studied and compared each with others.
Soft wheat variety «Bunyodkor» has been recognized as promising and it has been sown on more than 600 ha area. «Farovon», «Barhayot» and «Shams» varieties have been created and have being currently tested by the State Commission for Testing Varieties.
3. Average for 3 years yields in the median region have been higher by 0.36 to 0.58 ton/ha comparing with the steppe region, and those in the foothill area were higher by 0.25 to 0.49 ton/ha against median region, and by 0.78 to 0.85 ton/ha compared with the steppe region. At using the same agricultural practices productivity of wheat has been notably higher on light-colored serozems and typical grey serozems than on takyrs and takyr-like soils.
4. Among 220 durum wheat samples studied 32 has been early-maturing, 140 middle-ripening, and 48 late-maturing ones. Grain yield productivity has been 0.5 to 1.0 ton/ha in 34 varieties, 91 varieties yielded 1.0 to 1.5 tons/ha, other 68 varieties produced 1.5 to 2.0 tons/ha, and yields of 27 varieties were over 2.0 tons/ha. Durum wheat variety «Mingchinor» has been recognized as promising and it has been sown on more than 100 ha area. «Langar» variety have been created and have being currently tested by the State Commission for Testing Varieties.
5. Hybrids of soft wheat were produced in 15 combinations , in 8 of them inheritance of plant height was at high states of heterosis with its highest values in both Fj Bunyodkor x 200/50 (Лр=1.9), and F,Jayvirak x 100/35 (hp=\.5).
Highest dominance of ear length inheritance has been recorded in F, 100/37 x 108/2004 (Ap=4.3).Inheritance of the character “weight of 1000 kernels” in F| has been the highest in FiZmina x MV-417-03 (hp=3.4).
6. Resistance of varieties and samples to heat, drought, diseases, and their requirements to irrigation numbers have been studied in field and laboratory conditions in Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya and Tashkent regions, as it has been determined in the laboratory trials, «Bunyodkor», «Farovon», «Barhayot», Entry-6 and Entry-32 have been drought-resistant; Jaykhun, «Bunyodkor», «Barhayot», «Farovon», Entry-6, 100/37, 100/39, 200/44 and 200/48 were heat-resistant, «Bunyodkor», «Farovon» and «Gisarak» have expressed resistance to grain aphid. Positive correlation was found between crop productivity and weight of 1000 kernels (r=0.36) and content of protein (r=0. 16), and weak correlation between yield and gluten content (/-=0.03), and negative correlation with IDK (r=-0.07)
7. Requirements of winter wheat varieties Krasnodar-99, «Bunyodkor», «Farovon» and «Barhayot» to number of irrigations have been studied during growth period; results have shown that their yields were low (3.14-3.72 tons/ha) at one irrigation, and expenses done have not been covered, and profitability was 2.4% to 17.8%. Two irrigations resulted in yield equal to (4.05-5.05 tons/ha), and profit gained has not fully covered expenses, with profitability 5.4% to 31.2%. Three irrigations resulted in same amount of yield (5.06-6.01 tons/ha), and profit has not fully covered expenses, with profitability 31.4-55.6%.
In «Bunyodkor», net profit observed at trials have shown that neither variety has covered expenses when crop was irrigated just one time; 2 irrigations resulted in profit equal to 410 000 sum in «Bunyodkor» varieties; net gains at 3 and 4 irrigations in the latter were 779000 and 991 000 sums, respectively.
8. It has been recommended to grow soft wheat variety «Bunyodkor» with 3 irrigations (at tillering, stem elongation and heading growth stages) on irrigated fields with light-colored serozems and takyr-like soils of Kashkadarya region, where rust disease occurs widely.
9. It has been recommended to grow «Mingchinor» and «Langar» varieties on serozem soils of unirrigated rainfed areas of Kashkadarya region with presowing application of 75 kgs of phosphorus and applying fertilizer 2 times additionally at spring time, which allows increasing yields.
Applying 75 kgs/ha of presowing phosphorus fertilizer and two suspension sprayings at spring resulted in yield in «Mingchinor» variety equal to 2.81 tons/ha, which was higher by 1.64 tons/ha comparing with the check treatment, with 737 800 sum net profit. Same procedures with «Langar» variety have provided with 2.61 tons/ha yield, and this was higher by 1.55 tons/ha against the check treatment.
10. For organizing seed multiplication system 90.8 tons of original seeds of the variety «Bunyodkor» produced on the irrigated fields and 18.8 tons of original seeds of the variety «Mingchinor» produced on unirrigated boghara fields in 2015-2016, and all these seeds have been delivered to seed multiplying farms.

The actuality and relevancy of the subject. By the way of population growth and competitiveness on the market condition of agricultural commodities, the qualitative delivery of the conserved products in cold storage to consumers mainly fruits, vegetables, potatoes, melons and gourds, effective development of conserving agricultural products and rational organization are becoming outstanding issue. Meanwhile, the fatalities are admitted in the process of the delivery provisions to consumers in accord with the scheme “from garden to the table cloth” in large quantities.” According to the information of the United Nations Organization provisions and agriculture, every year nearly 1.3 milliard quantity of provisions are misused which is approximately 1.0 trillion dollars.”33
In the years of Independence, considerable attention has been given to the conservation of the agricultural provisions and sale services in accord with up-to-date requirements based on effective development, stable supply of home consuming market serving for summer and winter, and expansion of the export capacities in this field. Consequently, having realized directive measures these days, “It will prevent seasonal upward spiral in the cost during a year, giving continuous provisions of the population with these main types of agricultural products, make export’s extension of the products, enable opportunity preserving the stable cost.”34 It is significant to mention that the export was arranged in our country productions of fruits, vegetables, potatoes, melon and gourds and noticeable results have been realized. As it was mentioned in the international conference devoted to theme “Realizing main recourses of the provision instructions in Uzbekistan” held on June 7, 2014 in Tashkent city: “First, we export fruits and vegetables to the overhead price approximately of 5 milliard dollars of provisions.” For the last 3 years, the volume of exports realized on agricultural products has been raised by three times.”35
Therefore, considerable attention has been given to the issue not only to the producing of provisions but also conserving without spoiling them in the Republic of Uzbekistan. During the years 2015-2023 of investment, 1 milliard US dollars were planned to spend for the development of production infrastructure of fruits and vegetables, processing and conserving them, accordingly 260 million US dollars for the development of conserving system.36 These days, objective research development is extensively carried out all over the world for the conservation the agricultural products and effective development of field trades, supply with qualitative products in cold-storage. At this point, taking into account current situations of domestic and world market essential research take on special significance concerning provision production and optimization of storage parameters, supplying continuous high quality stuff for processing companies, taking into consideration seasonable requirements stable provision of the population with agricultural products, extension of competitive types of production in markets, providing qualitative cold-storage in small and optimum capacities. As well as the conduction of the research works are being extended on product storage and the economic-financial mechanisms improvement of natural bases standards in transportation, working out integral indexes of effective estimating the preparation of agricultural commodities and trade services, rational arrangement of the conservation process of products quality and optimization of expenditure; define the optimum condition of fruit and vegetables taking out from the cold store in retail trade enterprises, grounding on former marked parameters to conserve production of optimum prognosis indicator, synergy effectiveness of the product conservation and trades services favorable use of cluster approach. The actuality of the thesis theme is explained the realization of aforesaid researches.
The research of the thesis is served as to a certain extent in the realization marked objectives by the decree PD№174 of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan, May 10, 2012 “The development program of services field in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the course of 2012-2016 years”, the decree PD №345 on April 12, 2016 “Purchasing fruits vegetables, potatoes, melon and gourds and measures on the development system of consuming them”, the decree of the Ministry of the Republic reference №55, February, 2016.
The aim of the research. It is consisted of the working out theoretical and practical recommendations for the organizational economic mechanisms on the conservations provisions and improvement efficiency of trade services.
Scientific novelty of the research consists of following propositions:
have been elaborated the individual and integral stabbing values of preparation over the production of the agricultural economy and effective estimating trade services. Effective development of estimation by means of existed complex methodology on the basis of assessment.
have been stranded the qualitative conservation of the fruits vegetables, rational arrangement of conservation process and taken into consideration optimum expenditure of seasonal conservation on the base of natural loss normative (apple-2,71%, potatoes-5,0%, onion-12,2%)
have been worked out proposals on the development of organizational economic occasions of trade services fruit and vegetables at retail-enterprises;
have been grounded the annul of the license taken for whole sole anchorage enterprises which conserve fruit and vegetables in special cold storages. Moreover,, on the retention of it have achieved of improved techniques to the increase of turnover. On this case, means of subjects based on the methods synergy effectiveness and cluster approaches to develop provision conservation and service trades
have been developed the proposals and recommendations on the development prognosis in the planned period of 2016-2019 years. On the basis of extension, the volume has increased of conservation provision and export income level.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the research the following conclusions have been made:
1. The following issues are not adequately reflected in the economic literature such as the sale of the storage agricultural products and services in the theoretical and methodological basis, their role in ensuring the country's food safety, socio-economic context, the importance of improving the welfare, living standards of the population, the system of indicators characterizing the efficiency of these services, their detection methods, synergistic and research on the use of cluster effect issues.
It is practically proved that the storage of the products and its trade are the vital aspect in our country. The conservation system of products and trade services in our country occupies important role in terms of distance, the time point of delivery service of storage products to consumers. But in both cases, the volume of goods without any extra addition, in terms of time and space due to the implementation of additional processes may change in the value of products theoretically in accord with specific features and trade services.
2. As the results of research the conception of the effectiveness over the trades of food and services have been developed for the conservation. Definitions, such as “effectiveness” and “efficiency”, “economic indicators”, “the effectiveness of storage services”, “trades effectiveness”, “synergetic”, “synergetic effect” “synergetic efficiency”, “cluster” have also been well-defined and cleared
3. On the basis of rational organization implemented normative in practice in the conservation the quality of the fruit and vegetable products, to lower costs in order to optimize the seasonal loss of natural products regulations on the scientific and practical aspects.
4. The indexes of the storage and the trade services have separated into individual economics indexes and divided into relavant 9 groups. Directions towards quantity calculation have given according to individual integral indxes. Study has also identified similar integrated indxes in order to make equal measurements while making complex calculations of indxes.
5. .The organizational and economic mechanisms improved in storage services and the trade of products and their improvement have been investigated and proved effecticiency of storing period, natural loss and transportation services.
6. According to recommendations on improvement of organizational-economical mechanisms of effectiveness over selling services of fruit and vegetables in retailingof trading companies, we have made some ways of decreasing various expenses and natural loss of products. In addition, cancellation of licecences of companie that helps to saveproducts of fruits and vegetables in special refregirators for wholesale trades were proved and based on that we mentioned the ways of improving effectiveness by rising circulating assets.
7. Have been created the sequence of identifying period of cover of investitions by by proving relation of covering investitions that are directed to the development of the process of storage of products and their sales with the cost of refregerators, expenditure of energy, the amount of saved products and scale of the sale.
8. Factors which impacts on ixdexes that represent effectiveness of the storage and the sales of the products were classified. Furthemore, created the ways of finding inner opportunities and making decisions that based economically by identifying and estimating these factors
9. The improvement the efficiency of products and services related to the sale of synergetic effect (systemic effect, and to join forces with the impact of future to the present) and the use of cluster approach based on an objective assessment, and organizational structures. The opportunities and methods have been developed by means of factors effecting sale of products and services indicators characterizing the efficiency of classification, identification and evaluation
10. The projected linear trend approximation polyamide is recommended on the amount of fruit and vegetable storage, and export of products based on dynamic parameters such as the level of benefits and the increase. On the basis of this recommendation forecast parameters of the dynamics of indicators of food and payments in Samarkand region in 2016-2019 years.
As the result of research, scientific-theoretical and practical recommendations have been worked out on practical application for the storage products and trade services, to increase efficiency and improve educational programs, training and providing personnel qualifications and skills of modern management methods, along with the formation the implementation of the food safety program to improve the living standards and quality of service.

The topicality of the research. In the world linguistics, acquaintance with the cultural and spiritual wealth of the nations in the world has a scientific and practical significance, and the reciprocal comparison gives an opportunity to appreciate its true worth. Relation of the language and culture, its reflection in the social life, problems of learning foreign languages demand a special attention. The comparison of the category of modality, which is important in understanding the notion of the language and has a general language character, on the example of French and Uzbek tales, gives an opportunity to expose specifics of each language and research theoretical basics.
From the first days of independence, in our country, the development of science has risen to the governmental level. Learning foreign languages from scientific point of view, comparing them with our mother tongue and grounding the received scientific results serve the growth of the state language status. And also, "recognition of ourselves, expression of the national consciousness and thinking, spiritual and moral relations between generations become apparent via the language (Ўзликни англаш, миллий онг ва тафаккурнинг ифодаси, авлодлар ўртасидаги руҳий-.маънавий боғлиқлик тил орқали намоён бўлади)"1.
In the modem linguistic scientific centres, the notion of modality has been widely applied in linguistics and as a semantic category it shows communication aspects that are rich in content and raise the prestige of the expressed opinions in the communication process. At the comparison of modality, interlingual national and cultural differences are vividly expressed. The category of modality, which has a scientific significance, has not been studied on the examples of the texts of French and Uzbek tales, and this defines the topicality of the work. In this connection, the definition of interlingual interrelation between the categories of modality, modus and dictum and conceptual analysis of the frames in two languages, the grounding of the scientific relation possessing the notions of "modality", "concept" and "frame" with the help of new theoretical opinions, grounding the essence of " tale concept" and "tale frame” have got an important significance. Disclosure of the aspects of nationality, community, peculiarity, similarity and differences in French and Uzbek tales with the help of different motives, and also, disclosure of linguocognitive, national and cultural peculiarities of the category of modality can pave the way for further development of linguistics.
This dissertation work will favour implementations of the goals and objectives in accordance with the decrees of the President of Uzbekistan №3029 "On the enhancement of the organisation of scientific-research activities" as of February 20, 2002; №-451 "On the effective increase of the education of national ideas and moral works" as of August 25, 2006; №-1271 "On the state program "Year of harmoniously developed generation" as of January 27,2010, №-1875 "On the measures for further enhancement of the system of learning foreign languages" as of December 10, 2012; Resolution №124 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan"On the approval of the State Educational Standard on foreign languages in the system of continuing education" as of May 8, 2013; №-22-04 "On the measures of further optimization of the structure of the Science Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and strengthening the integration of the academic science and higher education of the republic" as of July 8, 2014 of established objectives in other normative legal documents in the sphere of the given activity.
The aim of the research is to reveal linguocognitive and national cultural characteristics of the category of modality in French and Uzbek tales, and to ground similar and different signs typical of each of the languages.
Scientific novelty of the research consists of the following characteristics: we have grounded national cultural peculiarities of the category of modality in Uzbek and French tales with means of such linguoculturemes as бешик (cradle), сандал, тандыр, катлама, атала, офтоба, фойтун (faeton), черков (church), сарой (palace), ғижжак (violin), чўқинтириш маросими (christening), калин, фотихд (blessing);
we have proved the aspects of nationality, generality, privateness, similarity and differences in French and Uzbek tales on the harmony of such motives as to see a dream, to fight, to float in a trunk, to fall asleep:
we have proved semantic relation of the categories of modality, modus and dictum and the division of the frames into semantic groups of core and periphery in the compared languages;
we have proved the display of linguocognitive peculiarity of the category of modality in French and Uzbek tales with means of conceptual signs as wish, aim, order, temporality, interrogativity;
we have expressed the attitude to the theoretical opinions on the notions of “frame” and “concept", and worked out the essence of “ tale concept" and “tale frame" on the motives of tales;
we have grounded the difference between the beginning and the final parts of French and Uzbek tales according to the grammatical, semantic and structural peculiarities.
Conclusion
As a result of the investigation of linguocognitive and national-cultural peculiarities of the category of modality in French and Uzbek tales, the following scientific and theoretical conclusions have been drawn:
1. The existence of wide opportunities in the expression of modality testifies the importance of its study in understanding the essence of language construction, and to its being a general lingual phenomenon of this category. The analysis of modality in French and Uzbek tales also confirms this. The research of linguocognitive and national-cultural peculiarities of the category of modality in the tales of two unrelated languages has paved the way to the development of the comparative linguistics.
2. On the assumption of the characteristics of the expression of modality in French and Uzbek tales, we can single out four main semantic groups: the category of semantic-functional modality is considered a wide-involving research object and its main essence and task is to form the main parts of speech together with the categories of person and time; it has an important signifacance in the description of the attitude of the speaker to the real life; modality, while describing the semantics of the sentence, involves four aspects: the notion of signification, referencial, modus and dictum; axiological modality while evaluating the sentence content, while revealing subjective-modal features, involves wide semantic territory; textual modality, while analysing texts and disclosing their linguocognitive aspects, plays an important role, and also modality and category of assessment are interconnected and studying this task is very important in the conditions of the literary text.
3. The expression of the category of modality in different languages and general differences between them: the aim and the opinion told by the speaker in the sentence and communicative functions of the sentence, description of the notions of affirmation and negation; evaluation of two types of semantic notions, that is, evaluation of the reality from the side of the speaker and the level of trust of the speaker to the messages sent to him; the expression of the feelings and characteristics in the content of the speech of the speaker; the division of modality into objective and subjective categories; the expression of connotative modality; often applications of epistemical modality in French and Uzbek tales.
4. The expression of the notions of modus and dictum in language units of the category of modality, the reflection of the reality by dictum, the expression of the attitude of the speaker to the reality by modus, display of the interconnection between modality, modus and dictum in linguistics.
5. In French and Uzbek tales, the category of modality has national-cultural similarities and differential signs. The introductory part and the conclusion of Uzbek tales differ in structure, content and modal peculiarities from French tales.
6. In cognitive linguistics there is a difference between concept and frame. Concept is explained as a form of a meaning unit of different language levels, gestalt and structure in the expression of a knowledgebase, whereas the frame is explained by the presence of the characteristics of the semantic and structural division. The definitions, given to these notions, do not deny each other; on the contrary, they are interdependent and supplement each other.
7. The tale concept is considered to be a unit that has a national-cultural seme and a complex of knowledge; it keeps a century-long life experience of the nations and the complex of knowledge gathered on the basis of conclusions. And if we look from the point of view of this complex, we can see the notion of the tale in the form of a cognitive concept. With its help we can form knowledge. In so doing, we need to pass the stages of knowledge formation. The knowledge on the basis of the cognitive concept of the tale is developed on the basis of a particular scenario and its conception takes place in the same way.
8. In the "tale frame” there is a main notion (image) and auxiliary images around it. It comprises a knowledge about main object details (image or motive). Besides, knowledge about relations between objects and subjects of the tale is also considered a frame. In this relation, general essence of the tale frame reminds the essence of verb voices and embodiments of interaction aggregate (knowledge about interaction).
9. The characteristics of the categories "want-wish", "possibility-condition", "necessity-need" in French and Uzbek tales have been explained.
In French tales, the category of modality can be expressed morphologically, by impersonal forms of the verb (participle, gerund - adverbial participial), verbal moods (imperative, indicative and subjunctive), lexically(modal words, modal verbs, modal particles, adjective, adverb, noun, special sentence structures) and by syntactical means (the order of words, intonation).
Categories of "wish-intention”, "possibility-condition", "necessity-must" can be expressed by the following language units: modal verbs (vouloir, pouvoir, devoir, falloir): modal wordsftans dome, sans aucun doute, bien siincertainement, vraisemblablement, assortment, forcement.convaincant): modal conjunctions^?» dit que, affirme que, le bruit court que); impersonal forms of the verbsf»/ est stir que, il est possible que, il est necessireque, il est indispensable que): compound verbs (avoir envie de, faire envie a, respecter les volontes de, faire la volonte de, avoir la volontt de,especial forms of the verb (assurer, croire, penser, considered estimer, juger, supposer, imaginer. envisages soup^onner, douter, contester sembler); intonation.
10. In the Uzbek language, the category of modality is expressed by the following means: morphological (indicative and imperative moods, time, person, special forms of the verbs and compound forms of the verbs); lexical (modal and incomplete verbs, modal words and parenthesis, modalparticles); syntactical(the order of words, intonation).
In Uzbek tales, the categories of "wish-intention", "possibility-condition", "necessity-must" are expressed by language units as analytical forms of the verb (-ги-си келди,-моқчи, -ги-м(-қи-м)), -(и)ш керак, керак эди, -(и)ш лозим,-маса(м) бўлмайди, -моқчи эди(лар), -га мажбур(ман), complex forms of the verb (-са-м девди-м, -қи-м келяпти, - ги-си келарди, -моқчи эди ҳ.к.); special forms of the verbf-di/, -ибди, ган, -ган эди, ётган эди, -(а)р эди, -япти. -ади, -(а)р); modal verbs: керак (лозим, мажбур) бўлмоқ, истамоқ, хоҳламоқ (need, must, want, wish); modal words and parenthesis (may be, of course, sure, must, need, can, no doubt, well done, now); modal particles (-чи,-да,-ку).
11. In the French language, modal verbs are not used alone. They can appear with one or sometimes two independent verbs. One modal verb in the French tales is equivalent to several versions of the modal verb in the Uzbek tales. In the expression of the category of modality "wish" in the French tales, modal verbs are used more often with independent verbs, and seldom with auxiliary verbs. And in Uzbek tales, to express the meaning of wish, auxiliary verbs are used more often with independent verbs.
12. In the French and Uzbek languages, in the expressions of the frames "possibility", "necessity", "wish", it is necessary to divide the verbs, which are a part of the circle of these frames, into two groups, and to study them separately. It is appropriate to name the first group as strong since modal verbs ingoing into it form a core of the semantic field, and they have a peculiarity to appear often in the sentence. The second group is called weak, modal verbs here form a periphery' of the semantic field and are seldom used in the sentence.
13. We can see the reflection of the national-cultural similarities in French and Uzbek tales and an active participation of the category of modality in the expression of national characteristics in French and Uzbek tales in culture, language existing between them by linguistic means.
14. Even though the tales form motives not big in size, they play a great role in the exposure of the characteristics peculiar to the category of modality.

The actuality and necessity of the thesis. As the leading branch of world economy tourism has the significant contribution in social and economic development of the countries today. According to the World Tourism Organization, in 2015 "9,8 percent of a world gross product, 6 percent of export of goods and services, 30 percent of the international export of services, 9,5 percent from the general level of employment fell to the share of this sphere, and also every eleventh new workplace in the world is created in the sphere of tourism"31.
In our country since first years of independence special attention was paid to development of the sphere of tourism. At the same time, target measures were realized that promoted achievement of certain results, in particular achievement of a share of this sphere "in country gross domestic product 3,2 percent, shares in the export potential 1,5 percent"32 is provided. Nowadays giving importance to the accelerated development of the sphere of tourism, one of target tasks and priority directions of state policy in the sphere of tourism for the medium term determined "giving to tourism of the status of strategic sector of economy, transformation of this branch into the powerful instrument of sustainable development, structural transformations and diversification of economy which has to become the locomotive for the accelerated complex development of all regions and the interfaced branches"33.
In order to develop the sphere of tourism, increase in its social and economic value and a share in economy, special attention in the world is paid to the modem scientific research creating a basis for effective development of the tourism market. From the point of view of disclosure of features and tendencies of development of the tourism market, also improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms of its effective development methodological and practical aspects of the issue highlighted the urgency of today.
The dissertation research to some extent serves achievement of the objectives, designated in the Presidential decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan of Sh.M. Mirziyoyev of December 2, 2016 No.4861 "About measures for ensuring the accelerated development of tourist branch of the Republic of Uzbekistan", in Resolutions of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan of March 9, 2015 as No.51 "About measures for development of roadside and tourist infrastructure", March 10, 2015 No. 53 "About some questions of development of tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan", and also in other normative legal acts relating to this sphere.
The aim of the research is to develop proposals and recommendations on the disclosure of tendencies and features of development of the tourism market of Samarkand region, and also to improvement of organizational and economic mechanism of its effective development.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the definition technique by Gauss's method of real and potential demand in the tourism market, on the basis of assessment of extent of influence of macroregions and visa restrictions for this demand in the conditions of innovative development of national economy is improved;
recommendations about improvement of statistics of tourism according to the international standards by introduction of system of subsidiary accounts are developed;
the technique of assessment and integrated indicator of economic efficiency of development of the regional market of tourism as complete system is improved;
improved methods of evaluating the effectiveness of tourism subjects of management on the basis of determining the correlation in the dynamic regulations;
proved the expected parameters of development of the sphere for 2017-2020 directed to effective and more extensive use of potential of tourism, as well as tendencies of development of the regional market of tourism.
Conclusion
As a result of the researches conducted in dissertation work the following scientific conclusions, offers and practical recommendations are developed:
1. In the thesis author's determination of economic categories of system of tourism, in particular, of categories "visitor", "tourist" and "tourism market", "tourism industry" is developed. As a result of the scientific-theoretical analysis of the determination of category "tourism" developed by different authors two approaches in disclosure of its essence are revealed: first approach from the point of view of "demand", secondly "supply". This circumstance interferes with disclosure fully of essence of the difficult system relations peculiar to this sphere. Therefore, the category "tourism" has been given the scientific description - as open difficult social and economic system, with the elements interconnected by the system polyhierarchical relations, formed on the basis of many-sided functional structure of an interindustry complex and having a high susceptibility to changes of the external environment.
2. The tourism market is described as an open complex system, including economic instruments directly regulating supply and demand, as well as developing on the basis of natural-geographic, socio-economic, organizational and institutional conditions. In the form of the main criteria for the effective development of the market noted: cross-sectoral, functional, hierarchical consistency and respectively cooperative activity in the market, as well as by determining the features of its development on the basis of a systematic approach, proposed methods, tools, and components to improve the mechanisms of the market.
3. Application of system approach to development of the regional market of tourism, first of all, demands development of a technique of providing the cooperation relations between its subjects. As a modern technique of cooperation of subjects within system of the regional market of tourism formation of a regional tourist cluster is offered. Also, the algorithm of formation and development of a regional tourist cluster for introduction in practice of development of the state program on development of the sphere of tourism is offered.
4. Recommendations for the introduction of the tourist purposes, in accordance with international standards (1. Personal purposes: leisure and rest, visiting friends and relatives; education and training; treatment; pilgrimage; commercial; transit; 2. Business and professional purposes) in the reporting form "1-tourism", "2-tourism" and "Annex" tour "to the form 1-MB", used in the conduct of statistics in the field of tourism of the Republic of Uzbekistan proposed for implementation in practice of the Committee on statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
5. The technique of determination of real and potential demand in the regional market of tourism is developed and the corresponding scientific conclusions have been recommended for use of Uzbektourism NC in the course of carrying out market researches by definition of gross demand for national tourist products. Use of these scientific results will give the chance of development by the effective tourist of the strategy proved by the analytical information and indicators defining demand for national tourist products.
6. On the basis of the analysis the following tendencies and features of formation of demand in the market of tourism of the Samarkand region are revealed: increase in demand for the travel organizing tourists "in the last minutes"; development of domestic market of tourism, as a result of improvement of the standard of living of local population, and also the growing mobility of youth; development of the travel which are carried out from neighboring countries or regions in comparison with the trips made in the long-haul or transcontinental directions; intensive development of "business tourism"; as a result of improvement of system of individual booking and information technologies, increase in number of the "individual" tourists (self-organizing the trips), and also on the basis of these conclusions is recommended to Uzbektourism NC development of the plan of marketing actions for 2017-2020.
7. The econometric model creating an opportunity of assessment of extent of influence of the factors which don't have the quantitative description (regions, visa restrictions, sporting and cultural events, crises) is offered. As a result of the analysis change of compound (geographical) structure of demand for national tourist products under the influence of world financial and economic crisis was evidence-based that geographical a segment of the regional market of tourism, "CIS countries" and "the countries of Asia" are perspective, and also simplification of a visa regime and geographical proximity create favorable conditions in formation of demand for national tourist products. It is recommended to Uzbektourism NC development of regional marketing strategy on the basis of the conclusion, about need of realization of the marketing strategy directed to perspective tourist segments according to changes of demand for national tourist products.
8. As a result, the comparative analysis of different economic schools and teachings on the marketing concept in the services sector, proved the need for the implementation of the regional market tourism traditional (for the implementation of the strategy, product, price), internal (for personnel motivation strategy) and interactive (infrastructure and strategy service) marketing concepts in the vertical and horizontal integration. Besides, the directions on implementation of the integration marketing concept in a cooperation form at all levels of regulation of the regional market of tourism are offered.
9. Realization of the following innovative developments in the regional market of tourism is offered: introduction of electronic guides of the museums and exhibitions, e-guides and guides are installed in mobile phones; Preparation of multimedia presentations, reflecting the tourist potential of the region; the organization of virtual excursions, through placement them on pages of the Samarkand — the Center of Tourism web portal; a construction of hotel in style of the Middle Ages and use of "animation" programs; formation of an interactive tourist information system through improvement of geographic information systems. 
10. The mechanism of formation of a tourist information system is developed. Improvement of organizational structure of Uzbektourism NC on the basis of offers on diversification of regional tourist products and creation of their innovative types through formation of an interactive tourist information system and virtual tourist offices as main structural part of a tourist information system is offered.
11. As a key component of the mechanism of effective regulation of the regional market of tourism improvement of mechanisms of partnership of the state and private business is necessary. At the same time, it is offered at each level of system of regulation of the regional market of tourism formation of the social institutes promoting formation and development of a regional tourist cluster (at the macro-level - "Interdepartmental council on cluster development", at the mesolevel - "Council for coordination of activity of a tourist cluster", at the micro level - "Association of members of a regional tourist cluster" and "Training center within a cluster" at a specialized higher educational institution), and also for each level of regulation tasks of realization of cluster policy are defined.
12. For the purpose of assessment of efficiency of state regulation of development of the sphere of tourism, the integrated indicator of economic efficiency of development of the regional market of tourism and a technique of his assessment is developed, and also value of this indicator for 2005-2015 is calculated. Use of this scientific offer in practice on monitoring of realization and implementation of state programs and plans for further development of the sphere of tourism in the region is recommended.
13. The technique of assessment and an integrated indicator of system effectiveness of management of subjects of the regional market of tourism on the basis of use of coefficients of correlation dependence is developed, and also values of this indicator on the example of LLC CATIA, the private tourist agency "Orient Voyages", LLC Sogda-tur and private tourist firm "Ekspri-dyutemp" conducting activity in the market of tourism of the Samarkand region are estimated. Use of this scientific offer in practice of subjects of the regional market of tourism is recommended.
14. For forecasting of value of the main indicators of development of the market of tourism for 2017-2020 use of the following econometric models is recommended: use of sedate model in forecasting of number of entrance visitors, linear model in forecasting of internal visitors, volume of export of tourist services, volume of the realized tourist services in the Republic of Uzbekistan; use of square model in forecasting of volume of export of tourist services, logarithmic model in forecasting of number of entrance visitors, sedate model in forecasting of volume of the realized tourist services in the Samarkand region.
15. Proceeding from features and tendencies of development of the regional market of tourism, the conceptual basis of development of the regional market of tourism on the basis of cluster approach consisting of a complex of actions of organizational and institutional and social and economic contents is developed.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Presently in the world’s cotton production there is increasing request of textile industry for cotton varieties with proper micronaire of the cotton fiber. In the 84 cotton producercountries special attention is now paid on elaboration of cotton varieties with improved technological properties of fiber and higher tolerance to various external extremes. Selection and allocation of appropriate cotton varieties according to soil and climate conditions of the production regions as well as developing their production agro-technologies are relevant and important tasks.
There are cotton varieties in Uzbekistan which were elaborated taking into account soil, climate, hydro-geological and meliorative conditions of production zones. Hence large-scale activities are now conducted in Uzbekistan on inculcation into agricultural production the cotton varieties having higher tolerance to adverse weather conditions, manifesting economically valuable signs and improved technological properties of cotton fiber as well as their production agrotechnologies. High and qualitative yields of cotton are achieved in recent years in the country due to ecological test based selection of the new cotton varieties exhibiting their potentials in the given agro-ecological conditions and developing their production agrotechnologies.
In the world's cotton production the retention of cotton varieties productivity and fiber technological properties, longevity of newly elaborated upland and fine-staple cotton varieties in many cases depend on application efficiency of agrotechnological measures.
Thus, it is important to carry out research on production agrotechnologies, particularly on fertilization, irrigation scheduling, seeding timing and planting schemes of newly elaborated cotton varieties according to soil and climate conditions of the cotton production regions.
This research study facilitates to a certain extent the fulfillment of the tasks identified by the Decree of the President of Uzbekistan No. PK-2460 of December 29, 2015 “On measures for additional reforms and development activities in agriculture in 2016-2020”, PK-2484 of February 01,2016 “On allocation of cotton varieties and estimated volumes of seed cotton production" and other pertinent regulatory and legal documents.
Purpose of the study is determination of optimal fertilization and irrigation scheduling, seeding timing and schemes and plant densities of the Yulduz, Mekhnat, Mekhr, Ak-Altyn-5, Namangan-77, Bukhara-6 and C-6530 upland cotton varieties in the conditions of light and typical sierozem and takyr soils of the Kashkadarya region.
Scientific novelty of the research is in the following:
for the first time in the conditions of the light sierozem soils of the Kashkadarya region the feasibility of mineral fertilizer application with rate of N-200 P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 and irrigation scheduling 70-70-60% of Fc in the Yulduz, Mekhnat, Mekhr, Ak-Altyn-5, Namangan-77 and Bukhara-6 upland cotton varieties was determined;
efficiency of mineral fertilizer application with rate of N-200 P-140, K-100 kg ha 1 and irrigation scheduling 70-70-60% of Fc for Namangan-77, Bukhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr upland cotton varieties in the conditions of the typical sierozem soils was determined;
it was proved the optimal cotton seeding period from 10 March to 15 March, planting scheme of 60x13-1 and plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1;
application of optimal fertilizer with rate of N-250 P-175, K-125 kg ha’1 and irrigation scheduling 70-70-60% of Fc for Namangan-77, Bukhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr upland cotton varieties in the conditions of the takyr soils was determined;
optimal cotton seeding period from 05 April to 10 April, planting scheme of 90x9-1 and plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1 was proved.
Conclusions
1. Optimal conditions for better growth and accumulation of aboveground biomass of the Yulduiz, Mekhr, Mekhnat, Ak-Altin-5, Namangan-77 and Bukhara-6 cotton varieties in the light sierozem soil were created by application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer under the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc. The fertilizer rate of N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 with the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1 under the planting period of March 10 to March 15 and the seeding scheme of 60x13-1 were optimal for the Namangan-77, Bukhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr cotton varieties in the typical sierozem soil, while application N-250, P-175, K-125 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer with the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1 under the planting period of April 05 to April 10 and the seeding scheme of 90x9-1 was found an appropriate in the takyr soil.
2. Comparable greater values of flowering (78.1; 74.2; 76.5 and 80.1%) of the cotton varieties in the typical sierozem soil were observed with the fertilizer application of N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1, the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1. Decrease of the fertilizer rate from N-250, P-175, K-140 kg ha’1 to N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 in the takyr soil resulted in reduction of the flowering for 2.0; 3.1; 1.2 and 1.9% while actual flowering of the Namangan-77 variety was 73.1%, Bukhara-6 - 70.1%, C-6530 -71.1% and Mekhr - 76.2%. Comparable higher flowering of the cotton varieties in the takyr soil of heavy structure was observed with the plant density of 90,000 plants ha’1, irrigation scheduling of 65-65-60% of Fc and application of N-250, P-175, K-125 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer.
The flowering dynamics among the cotton varieties studied in the experiment was intensive with the Namangan-77 and Mekhr varieties.
3. A distance from the root collar to the first sympodial branch on the cotton stem decreased for 0.7; 0.9; 1.8 and 0.8 cm and a distance from the cotyledonary leaves to the first sympodial branch also decreased when the seeding scheme was shifted from 60x16-1 (90,000 plants ha’1) to 60x13-1 (120,000 plants ha’1) under the first planting period in the typical sierozem soil. The parameters were slightly increased under the second planting period (5-10 April).
In the takyr soil, the distance from the root collar to the first sympodial branch was higher 3.0; 3.8; 5.3 and 1.6 cm and the distance from the cotyledonary leaves to the first sympodial branch was also increased for 2.0; 1.4; 0.0 and 0.7 cm with the seeding scheme of 90x9-1 (120,000 plants ha’1) compared to the seeding scheme of 60x13-1 (120,000 plants ha ').
4. Optimal leaf area (23,056; 24,151; 22,650 and 25,201 m2 ha’1) of the Namangan-77, Bukhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr upland cotton varieties in the typical sierozem soil was with the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1 under the first planting period (10-15 March) while the leaf area of the cotton varieties was 27,848; 28,363; 25,812 and 28,513 m2 ha’1 with plant density of 120,000 plants ha’ 1 under the second planting period (5-10 April).
5. Duration of the days to maturation of the Yulduiz, Mekhnat, Mekhr, Ak-Altin-5, Namangan-77 and Bukhara-6 varieties in the light sierozem soil was 117, 116, 118, 121, 125 and 131 days respectively with application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha1 of mineral fertilizer and accordingly 115, 116, 117, 118, 119 на 119 days with 65-65-60% Fc of the irrigation scheduling.
Bolls opening of the Namangan-77, Bulhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr cotton varieties was 47.2; 46.1; 45.1 and 51.2% respectively with application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer, 65-65-60% Fc of irrigation scheduling and 90.000 plants ha 1 of plant density. In the takyr soil, the bolls opening was 44.2; 42.1; 42.1 and 46.7% with application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer, the irrigation scheduling of 65-65-60% Fc and the plant density of 90,000 plants ha’1.
6. The study results explored feasibility of application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer for the Yulduz, Mekhnat and Mekhr cotton varieties in the light sierozem soil and N-250, P-175, K-125 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer for the Ak-altyn-5. Namangan-77 and Bukhara-6 under the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc.
Greater cotton yields with improved fiber quality of the Namangan-77, Bulhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr varieties (3.68; 3.82; 3.74 and 3.80 Mg ha’1) in the typical sierozem soil can be achieved with application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha 1 of mineral fertilizer, the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha'; the yields of the cotton varieties were 3.05; 3.12; 3.08 and 3.23 Mg ha 1 with application N-250, P-175, K-125 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer, the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1.
Comparable higher yields of the Naman^an-77, Bulhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr varieties (3.51; 3.62; 3.18 and 3.67 Mg ha’r) were obtained with the seeding scheme of 60x13-1 and planting density of 120,000 plants ha 1 under the planting period of 10-15 March; the cotton varieties yields in the takyr soil were 3.42; 3.61; 3.23 and 3.68 Mg ha’1 with the seeding scheme of 90x9-1 and planting density of 120,000 plants ha’1 under the planting period of 5-10 April.
7. Seed quality, i.e. 1000-seed weight and seed greasiness of the Namangan-77, Bulhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr varieties in the typical sierozem soil were 117.2; 118.5; 116.5 and 119.2 g and 18.9; 18.9; 16.6 and 19.8% respectively with application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha 1 of mineral fertilizer, the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc and the plant density of 90,000 plants ha’1. Improved cotton seed quality in the takyr soil was achieved with application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer, the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha ’.
8. Comparable higher net income (16,072; 15,954; 22,272; 14,712; 15,312 and 14,472 soums ha’1) and profitability (27.4; 27.9; 33.9; 25.9; 26.6 and 25.6%) accordingly with the Yulduiz, Mekhnat, Mekhr, Ak-Altin-5, Namangan-77 and Bukhara-6 varieties in the light sierozem soil were achieved with application of N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer; irrigation of the cotton varieties using the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc enabled to receive the net income of 14.494; 12,359; 20,314; 8,994 and 13,814 soums ha’1 and the profitability of 26.0; 23.5; 31.7; 38.4; 25.4 and 14.5% respectively.
Higher net income values achieved for the Namangan-77, Bulhara-6, C-6530 and Mekhr cotton varieties in the typical sierozem soil were 158,131; 169,927; 162,482 and 168,473 soums ha’1 with the profitability of 28.4; 29.4; 28.8 and 29.3%.
Application of N-250, P-175, K-125 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer, the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’’ in the takyr soil allowed to receive the net income of 127,455; 138,611; 131,953; 146,930 where the profitability was 24.9; 26.1; 25.5 and 26.9%.
Achieved the highest net income with the cotton varieties in the typical sierozem soil was accordingly 139,122; 154,458; 111,145 and 150,257 soums ha 1 with the profitability of 26.2; 28.2; 23.1 and 28.6% when the seeding scheme of 60x13-1 and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1 were applied under the first planting period (10-15 March).
The net income (138,680; 150,754; 124,622 and 155,904 soums ha’1) and the profitability (26.8; 27.6; 25.1 and 28.0 %) in the takyr soil were the highest with application of the seeding scheme of 90x9-1 and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’1 under the second planting period (5-10 April).
9. The following agrotechnological measures are recommended for implementation for achieving high and qualitative yields of the Namangan-77, Bukhara-6 and Yulduz upland cotton varieties as well as similar by morphological and biological properties the Bukhara-102, Beshkakhramon and Sultan upland cotton varieties:
application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer and the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc (five to six 6 irrigations) in conditions of the light sierozem soils;
application N-200, P-140, K-100 kg ha 1 of mineral fertilizer, the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc (five to six irrigations), the planting period of 10-15 March, the seeding scheme of 60x13-1 and the plant density of 120,000 plants ha’’ in the typical sierozem soils;
application N-250, P-175, K-125 kg ha’1 of mineral fertilizer, the irrigation scheduling of 70-70-60% Fc, ( four to five irrigations), the planting period of 5-10 April, the seeding scheme of 90x9-1 and the plant density of 120.000 plants ha 1 in the takyr soils.

The topicality and relevance of the dissertation topic. Today, in the world of surgery with stoppage of diffuse bleeding atients of 30% of cases lead to fatal end. According to statistics, each year about 30 million people on Earth die with various bleeding. Prevention of leeding in the early postoperative period, with complex surgical interventions requires expensive hemostatic agents. Analysis of the literature indicates that still there is no effective 1 hemostatic agents for topical and intravenous use, which could be used with sufficient guarantee of the effect of reliability. All this demonstrates the needs for further searches for hemostatics with of general and topical actions.
In the years of Independence of our Republic solving problems of development and implementation of effective medicinal preparation on the basis of local plant raw material, performed by an expanded high-level events have led to certain results. On the basis of this low molecular weight natural compounds have been created effective drugs, in particular: antiarrhythmic «Allapinin», hemostatic «Lagodcn», anti-nicotinic drug «Tabeks» «Anabasine hydrochloride» antiherpetic «Megosin», antiviral drug «Ragosin» and others. Although most of these natural substances possess high biological activity, but development of promising drugs on the basis of these agents is limited due to their adverse properties such as toxicity, high dose, poor water solubility, low availability, etc.
Today in the world, on the basis of biological active plant substances, including the development on the basis of labdanc diterpenoids and triterpenoids new hemostatic agents has become a topical task. Production of supramolecular complexes of glycyrrhizinic acid and its salts diterpenoid lagohilin, to create new hemostatic agents based on lagochilin, synthesis and determination of biological activities of labdanc diterpenoids, determining the rheological properties, the study of the structure-activity to search for new potential bioactive natural compounds; evidence of the mechanisms of action of hemostatic agents is relevant.
This dissertation research serves to a certain extent the tasks provided for the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan N PR-916 from 15 july 2008 yare "On additional measures to stimulate innovative projects and technologies in production", as well as other legal documents adopted in this area .
The aim of the study is the synthesis of labdanc diterpenoid derivatives, supramolecular complexes on the basis of glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, low molecular weight polymeric carrier, the study of physical and chemical properties and the development of new hemostatics.
The scientific novelty of the work is as follows:
New aromatic acetals of lagochilin have been synthesized and the influence of catalysts on the yield of end product has been shown;
Hemostatic activity relationships of acetyl and isopropylidcnc derivatives of lagochilin depending on the nature of substituents and the number of free hydroxyl groups were determined.
received supramolecular complexes of glycyrrhizic acid and monoammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid with lagochilin;
the structure, stability and thermodynamic properties of supramolecular complexes of glycyrrhizic acid and its salts with lagochilin in aqueous solutions were studied. Substantial dependence on the ratio of the complex forming components and the chemical structure of the guest molecule were determined;
proved inclusion of drug (guest molecules, in particular, molecules of lagochilin) to a micelle, which typically takes place with an energy gain of enthalpy of formation;
determined entropy of the system (self-organization of micellar structures) depending on the structural and functional features of the guest molecule, which has a stabilizing effect on the process of structuring of the micelles consisting of glycyrrhizic acid molecules.
Conclusions
1. For the first time, aromatic acetals of lagochilin were synthesized with the use of catalysts. It is shown that in the presence of hydroxyl groups in the aromatic ring as a catalyst anhydrous copper sulfate is preferable while for alkoxyl groups -sulfuric acid.
2. The relationship of the activity of acetyl and isopropylidcnc derivatives of lagochilin from the nature of substituents and the number of free hydroxyl groups were shown. It was found that the substitution of two out of four hydroxyl groups to acetyl groups in the molecule of lagochilin do not affect the hemostatic activity, but full substitution of four hydroxyl groups leads to a loss of hemostatic activity.
3. With the use of supramolecular chemistry techniques complexes of lagochilin with glycyrrhizic acid and its salts were obtained. The obtained complexes were characterized by physicochemical constants. Structural features of the obtained molecular complexes described by IR and NMR spectra as well as by the methods of mathematical modeling.
4. By determination of the rheological properties of aqueous solutions of supramolecular complexes it was shown that they form micelles of different structures which arc stabilized by hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
5. The technology for obtaining of technical glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root was developed, on the basis of which an anti-inflammatory drug substance was obtained. The standardization of substance and dosage form of “Glyceram” was carried out. A Temporary Pharmacopeia Article (TPA) was developed and approved, and conducted clinical trials of the drug.
6. Comparative evaluation of hemostatic action of lagochilin supramolecular complexes with glycyrrhizic acid and its salts showed high activity for MASGA:lagochilin complex (Glilagin) at a ratio of 2: 1.
7. Full pre-clinical pharmaco-toxicological studies of the substance and dosage form of the preparation of “Glilagin” were carried out. The TPA project was developed, and industrial regulations on the dosage form were also approved.
8. Water-soluble complexes of lagochilin with N-polyvinylpyrrolidonc were obtained. It was found that the most active and stable in the solution is the complex at a ratio of 1:15 (Lagovin).
9. Hemostatic agents “Tablets of Glilagin - 0.005 g” for oral usage and “0.15% solution of Lagovin” for intravenous introduction have been developed. Two patents on drugs were obtained. These drugs were developed on the basis of local raw materials and arc recommended as a hemostatic to stop parenchymal bleeding.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. According to the World Health Organization, an increase of acute respiratory viral infections observed in recent years. In this connection, the attention of pediatricians and otolaryngologists attract acute constrictive laryngotracheitis (OSLT). According to years of research determined that the frequency of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis of all patients hospitalized in the hospital of children with a diagnosis of "acute respiratory viral infection" ranges from 0.1 to 0.4%. The development of stenotic laryngotracheitis in acute respiratory viral infections (ARI) sharply aggravates the condition of the sick children, the symptoms predominate in the clinical picture and its outcome, and sometimes a child's life depends on it.
In our country from the first days of independence in order to improve the quality of care to the population consistently implemented wide-ranging policy reforms in order to improve the quality of medical care. For example, the provision of effective medical care of children to ensure timely detection, early diagnosis and treatment of patients with OSLT, allowing for 3-4 days reduce the treatment time in hospital.
Despite the presence on a global scale a number of scientific studies on the laws of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, values disbiotsenozis mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, one of the sensitive indicators of physiology and pathology mucosae tract is the condition of microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the microflora has been expressed of integrative health and its disorders associated with alterations in the micro ecology of the mucous membranes, the process of endogenous intoxication develops as a result of disease in children and its relation to the course of the disease, as well as changes in the system state of the local and general immunity interferon status and ways of their correction has been not studied enough,dictate the need to improve the methods of their correction in the light of modem requirements. However, not until the end of the reasons of recurrence of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis and their frequency, an important task is to develop a predictive map is evaluated based OSLT.
This dissertation research to a certain extent is the decision of the tasks provided for in the Decree of the President of Uzbekistan № PP-2133 on February 19, 2014 "On State program" Year of a healthy child, "and number PP-2221 dated August 1, 2014." On the State program further strengthening of reproductive health, protection of the health of mothers, children and teenagers in Uzbekistan for the period 2014 - 2018 years ", as well as in other legal instruments adopted in this area.
The aim of the research is to develop recommendations and proposals to improve the efficiency of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis
Scientific novelty of the research was concluded in the following:
first identified correlation between the severity of trans-stenotic laryngotracheitis mary (PSLT) and recurrent stenosing laryngotracheitis (RSLT);
the role of changes in the immune system, the peroxide oxidant-tion process of lipids and antioxidant protection in the formation and development of OSLT;
it proved that the decline in cellular immune system (SRS, CD8) and IgA, complementary activity and elevated levels of IgM is a common immunological regularity of occurrence and development of OSLT;
defined formula disorders of the immune system, allowing to identify key indicators of hypo- and hyperfunction of the immune system on the immunity of patients with children PSLT: 1 IgA:’ IgM/ CD8f IgGf CD16/ CD3|' Лимфз' CD43+ JIeiiK2+characterizing the patients with the condition of the existence of an imbalance of the immune system.
defined formula disorders of the immune system in children with RSLT: IgG:'IgA2'IgMi'CD4rCD82'Лимфз’ СОЗ|+Лейкг+ CD16, .
proved the effectiveness of complex treatment of children with ASLT;
developed prognostic risk criteria of ASLT and predictive map of the risk of development and ASLT.
Conclusion
On the basis of within the framework of the doctoral dissertation research on "Improving the comprehensive diagnosis, treatment and prevention of stenotic laryngotracheitis in children" presents the following conclusions:
1. Prevailing conditions in the development of acute laryngotracheitis, creating unfavorable premorbid background is: maternal health, family history, complications of pregnancy, anemia, abnormal births, prematurity, feeding, exudative-catarrhal and thymicolymphatic diathesis, a complication of neonatal period and infectious diseases respiratory distress syndrome. The emergence of acute laryngotracheitis in children is most often associated with parainfluenza infection (55.5%) and other respiratory viral infections (generally up to 84.1% of the cases).
2. Identification of complex microbial associations, long-term persistence of pathogens in OSLT demonstrates a certain degree of dysbiotic disorders of the respiratory tract in this disease. When we noted OSLT deepening process disbiotsenoza respiratory tract, characterized by the population of the respiratory tract mucosa first of pathogenic Gram-positive flora, then the addition of a gramnegative microflora, and even microorganisms, this unusual ecological niches.
3. The general rule for immunological OSLT is to suppress the activation of cellular and humoral immunity. PSLT characterized in children increased levels of B-lymphocytes and overproduction of IgA, IgG and IgE, and IL-4. Cytokine levels in the mouth secret - IL-10, TNF-a and IL-4 increased dramatically in children with RSLT (P <0,001). Features of the immune status at RSLT manifested in long-lasting selective deficiency of IgA, including in combination with high levels of IgE, a decrease in phagocytosis indices, increasing the concentration of the CEC
9. 4. Patients with PSLT calculated rating algorithm disorders of the immune system, allowing to identify key indicators of hypo- and hyperfunction of the immune system on immunity: in patients with PSLT IgA2' IgM/ CD8,' IgGf CD16|' CD3/ Limfj' CD43' Leyk 2+, and in patients with RSLT I have the following form: IgG,' IgA2' IgM,’ CD4f CD8,' Limf3' CD3|+ Leyk2’ CD16/.
5. Violation of gas exchange, hypoxia and hypoxemia lead to increased activity of lipid peroxidation processes and the restructuring of the antioxidant defense system of red blood cells. Children with RSLT level of endogenous intoxication rates are directly proportional to the severity of the disease, only the level of these indicators are much higher than in children with PSLT.
6. OSLT developed diagnostic and treatment algorithms in 97.5% of patients with PSLT children and 86.3% of children with RSLT treated with combined therapy, yielded positive therapeutic effect that an average of 3 days reduced the length of stay in a hospital bed. Monitoring the patient for three years has shown that the method of treatment would prevent relapse of disease, lengthen the remission periods.
7. In acute stenosing laryngotracheitis shown prophylactic treatment according to our algorithm, reducing the number of relapses of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis an average of 3-4 times, reduce the length of stay of children in the hospital an average of 3.5 days of hospital stay, thereby decreasing the cost of funds state budgets, the one devoted to the treatment of children.
8. Developed by "predictive map" allows to quantify the likelihood of developing OSLT for various combinations of risk factors. The probability that a child will not develop the case when the total risk index ranges from 6.94 to 64.06. The range 65,0-128,12 total risk index of the average probability of disease. But the range of the total risk index of the maximum likelihood 129,0-192,17 OSLT.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. XX century in the world linguistics is considered the time of formation of the history of language and its transformation into the independent discipline. This area, which studies the language of the ancient written sources in the diachronic aspect, is raising new challenges for science. The study of the lexical-semantic features of the ancient sources is from a number of selected issues. «Qisasi Rabghuzi» by Burkhoniddin Rabghuzi. which is equally valuable to all Turkic nations who live in the Middle Asia, occupies a special place in the world literature. Because this monument is one of the spiritual riches, which tells the story of the development of society in the Turkic language, also familiarize Turkic peoples with religious and educational values of the world. That’s why it is important to study of scientific issues related to the contribution of our great ancestors of the Uzbek and world spiritual treasury of scientific heritage, location and prestige of our native language at the international level, its relationships with other languages, the prospects of development of the Uzbek language and literature.
Independence gave a chance to study enormous spiritual heritage, rich history of our nation. As stated. «We have to emphasize, that independence gave us a chance in understanding our national mentality, our value, our customs, our holy religion Islam, to re-establish the names and heritage of our great antestors, saints and scientists, our pride, and to raise our children with our national and general human values»1.
XIII-XIV centuries were the difficult period in history of Turkic languages. In this period in the territories of Middle Asia and Golden Horde the number of masterpieces was written, and their language peculiarities differed from each other, and phonetic, lexical, and morphological features of Oghuz-Qipchaq, Qarluq-Uyghur groups were reflected in all of them. The majority of these works were the basis of the foundation of Uzbek literary language. One of them is «Qisasi Rabghuzi». Various lexical units of such fields as social politics, social-economics, military, culture, religion, daily life, occupation and handicraft, geography of our ancestors lived during XIII-XIV centuries are used in «Qisasi Rabghuzi» by Burkhoniddin Rabghuzi. one of the first prose works of Turkic literature. These lexical units, in turn, provide important information about the mode of life, language, culture, traditions of our nation in those times. Thus, studying the vocabulary is important not only in deeply elucidating the history of Uzbek nation scientifically, but in studying the history of Uzbek language and literature.
This thesis is served a certain extent for the implementation of the tasks defined by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated by July 8, 2014 PP-2204 «On measures to improve the structure of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, also strengthening the integration of academic science and higher education of the Republic», the Decree dated by 13 May 2016 CP-4797
«On the organization of the Tashkent state University of the Uzbek language and literature named after Alisher Navoi», Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated by May 13, 2016 № 152 «About the organization of activity of the Tashkent state University of Uzbek language and literature Alisher Navoi» and other legal documents relating to the field.
The aim of research work is to analyze lexical units used in «Qisasi Rabghuzi» statistically, thematically, historically and etymologically, and lexically and semantically, as well as to determine the role of the work in forming and developing of Uzbek literary language.
To achieve this goal we determined following research tasks:
to determine the role of «Qisasi Rabghuzi» in the development of vocabulary of Uzbek literary language, also determine and evaluate the state of the parts of speech in that period by analyzing lexical units of the work statistically;
to classify the lexical units of the work to thematical groups, and by that to elucidate historical development of lexemes;
to determine the words which belong to XIV century by applying genealogic approach, also classify the borrowed words into thematical groups, and elucidate etymology of some borrowed words;
to prove the role of borrowed words from Arabic and Persian in derivation of Turkic words by using Turkic affixes, also clarifying the etymology of certain loans;
to compare the lexical units with the first manuscripts of ancient and old Turkic language as well as with the materials of XIV century;
to determine the factors influence narrowing and widening of the sense of the words;
to elucidate lexical semantic processes occurred in the vocabulary of the work in relation with the social-political, economical, religious, cultural factors of that period.
Scientific novelty of research work is defined by following:
We evaluated the role of «Qisasi Rabghuzi» in development of Uzbek literary language by scientific analysis of its vocabulary, also language statistics:
based on the theoretical rules of historical lexicology, argued the scope of using the novel lexical items related to socio-political, economic, religious, military, cultural, household, geographic, diplomatic, artisan areas:
proven semantic properties of lexical richness «Qisasi Rabghuzi» and genesis of lexical units used in the text of the work;
we determined the characteristics of the language side, also its organic link with the ancient Turkic and old Uzbek languages:
we grounded the relationship between form and meaning of words used in the story word stock and vocabulary, the artistic possibilities of the Uzbek language in the XIV century.
Conclusion
1. To study «Qissasi Rabghuzi» statistically gives us precise information about the number of the lexical units used in this manuscript of XIV century, to think about the ratio of Turkic and borrowed layers, helps to understand specificsides of the author's mastery of word using. In total, 5511 lexemes were used in the book: 2950 of which are Turkic. 2151 are Arabic. 329 are Persian. 55 are Old Hebraic via Arabic, 14 are Greek. 3 are Chinese. 4 are from Sanskrit, and 5 arc from Sughdi. We can sec that in enriching the vocabulary of the book loanwords also were important as well as Turkic words.
2. In the vocabulary of the work there are 3067 nouns in total (2517 of them are common nouns. 550 are proper nouns. Among 2517 common nouns 2252 arc primary words, and 265 arc derived lexemes. Among 550 onomastic terms 402 arc anthroponyms. 83 are toponyms. 33 arc astroponyms. 19 are zoonyms (special 1. To study «Qissasi Rabghuzi» statistically gives us precise information about the number of the lexical units used in this manuscript of XIV century, to think about the ratio of Turkic and borrowed layers, helps to understand specificsides of the author's mastery of word using. In total, 5511 lexemes were used in the book: 2950 of which are Turkic. 2151 are Arabic. 329 are Persian. 55 are Old Hebraic via Arabic, 14 are Greek. 3 are Chinese. 4 are from Sanskrit, and 5 arc from Sughdi. We can sec that in enriching the vocabulary of the book loanwords also were important as well as Turkic words.
2. In the vocabulary of the work there are 3067 nouns in total (2517 of them are common nouns. 550 are proper nouns. Among 2517 common nouns 2252 arc primary words, and 265 arc derived lexemes. Among 550 onomastic terms 402 arc anthroponyms. 83 are toponyms. 33 arc astroponyms. 19 are zoonyms (specialnames of pets), 13 are names of idol-stone images), 521 adjectives (258 of them are primary words, and 253 arc derived words), 169 numerals (143 of them arc derived. 26 of them arc primary), 65 pronouns. 991 verbs (976 of them are pure Turkic. 4 of them Arabic. 11 of them arc derived from Persian loanwords). 52 adverbs (33 of them Turkic. 11 of them Persian. 8 of them Arabic). 38 prepositions (14 of them are pure preposition. 12 of them arc noun-preposition. 8 of them are adverbial preposition. 4 of them arc adjective-prepositions). 27 conjunctions (18 of them arc coordinating conjunctions. 8 of them arc subordinating conjunctions), 5 particles. 9 modal words. 6 of them exclamation words and 29 izafet combinations.
3. To study the vocabulary of the work «Qissasi Rabghuzi» dividing into thematic groups proves the efficiency of the current method in defining the modem and historical state of the language, as well as to see historical development of the words, and to determine lexemes of which field of social life are used in the work. Our observation showed that there are 114 thematic groups of the words in the book. In addition, in forming these groups the importance of borrowed lexemes is high.
4. As a result of studying the words used in the book in genetic approach we revealed Turkic layer was the basis of the book, in turn. Turkic layer, consisted of primary words which were used in the manuscripts of ancient Turkic and old Turkic as well as in manuscripts of XIV century, also derived lexemes from Turkic-primary words and from loanwords with Turkic affixes (in total, 2950 Turkic lexemes, 2795 of them arc pure Turkic. 108 are derived from borrowed Arabic words. 47 of them arc derived from borrowed Persian words by adding Turkic affixes). Moreover, there arc Sanskrit, Sughd. Chinese. Greek. Arabic, ancient Hebrew, and Persian words which were used to express the new concepts appeared as a result of social and political, economical, scientific and cultural relations, and various changes in the different fields of social life.
5. Archaic words used in «Qissasi Rabghuzi» had various forms during inner development of the language: it is observable as determination of the relations between ancient Turkic and old Turkic literary language. In the book, the majority of them saved their meanings, some of them went through meaning reducing and meaning widening, some of them look part in deriving new lexemes. In enriching the vocabulary of the book, inner facilities of the language were important, that is deriving new words with the affixes used actively in ancient Turkic and Old Turkic was influential. The affixes -iV-ci derived nouns from verbs and nouns, -lig'-lig//-h'q/-lik//-lug/-liig//-luq/-luk derived nouns basically from nouns, adjectives, and verbs, as well as adjectives from nouns. -Ll7-uq'iik//-ug lug-/Z-aq/-ag//-igi7-ig//-TqZ-ik derived nouns from verbs. -STzZ-sizZ/-suz/-SQz derived adjectives from nouns. -laZ-13 derived verbs from nouns and adjectives. These affixes are active in word derivation and arc considered as productive affixes.
6. The loanwords used in the vocabulary of the work also participated in new word derivation. Particularly, Arabic and Persian loanwords derived 155 new words together w ith the affixes -IrgZ-ligZZ-rf^-lik/Z-lugZ-lQgZZ-luqZ-liik, -fiiZ-ii, -SlzZ-sizZZ-suz/-sQz, -1а'-1й, -lanZ-lan and these derived words used as often as Turkic lexemes. In addition, the affixes -ba, -na, -gah, -zada derived new lexemes from Arabic and Persian loanwords, but they are only 9.
7. Observing formation and development of lexical fund which consists of 2561 loanwords is important in defining the role of other languages in the development of Uzbek literary language. In comparative analysis of borrowed layer and the words used in the sources of Korakhani’s period, we have found out that the majority of the terms are expressed their primary meaning, and some of them had experienced meaning widening.
8. To study the words by dividing them into semes gives us the opportunity to define their connected points and their differences. This, in turn, helps us to identify which semes serve to form lexical meaning and which one serve to form figurative meanings, and to analyze the ways of sense transformation. In addition, our study showed that polysemy occurred in the network of lexemes, which belong to nouns, adjectives, verbs, numerals (partially). Polysemy gives us an opportunity to understand about semantic development and the sources of enriching of the language.
9. Change of lexical meaning is a long lasting process. In «Qissasi Rabghuzi» we observed three types of meaning changing: a) the words which have reduced semantic structure; b) the lexemes which have broadened meaning; c) the lexemes, which have new semes.
Meaning reducing which we have observed in «Qissasi Rabghuzi» is a result of development of society. Basically, it happened because of moving polysemous words towards monosemous words, and expressing their meanings by the other primary and loanwords. Meaning widening has occurred on the basis of widening of semantic structure of polysemous and monosemous words, and developing figurative meanings as well as formation of various new semes. In addition, using the lexemes fixed in the sources of ancient Turkic and Old Turkic to express different meaning tells us about specific style of the writer.
10. The number of homonymous, synonymous, and antonymous words is weighty. They are important in studying the vocabulary of the Old Turkic literary language, particularly in determining homonymous, synonymous, and antonymous rows. To depict the events, to increase their impressions and figurativeness, to describe precisely the life of prophets, their emotional state, the author used these homonymous, synonymous, and antonymous lexemes.

Topicality and relevance of the theme of the dissertation. The growth trend in the occurcnce of diabetes mcllitus (DM) is associated with increased cholesterol and high blood sugar level, and the direct reasons for DM development arc to be abdominal obesity, genetic factors, gestational diabetes, chronic insulin rezistence, cellulose failure in dietary intake, overweight, high blood pressure and depression. The frequency of diabetes in the world makes up 4% of total population1.
To improve the medical care in population over the period of independence in the Republic the purposeful work on reducing disease diagnostics, mortality rate and disability is conducted. In particular, the measures for identification the causes of disability and mortality at DM and their connection with diabetic an-giopaty, retinopathy, nephropathy, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis arc carried out . There developed the new diagnostic methods of DM including the dcrmatoglyphic methods which enable to improvethe establishment of the causes of sudden and violent death. The taken measures have been already allowed to reduce the mortality ratefrom DM complications by 1,5-2%.
The problem of world forensic practice is to raise the efficacy of expert evaluation of DM connected with the necessity to work out such scientifical issues as: the improvement of the methods of pathomorphological diagnostics of DM and its afterwards as main reason for death; problems with no providing to investigating agencies the medical documents of lifetime state of health; absence of characteristics of morphological signs which arc specific to DM; absence of certain techniques to investigate corpses in cases of sudden death with suspicion for DM presence; identification of dcnnatoglyphic features that have information content and can be the basis for many issues in forensic medicine, forensic science, anthropology; the scientific substantiation of possibility of using dennato-glyphics to assess relief of blood vessels in a capillary bed, the assessment of genetic background of susceptibility to diabetes; identify the nature of correlation among individual graphic elements of skin pattern of the palm and the fingers; features of chromosome set in DM, the identification of possible morphogenetic, dcrmatoglyphic asymmetries in postmortem diagnosis of DM.
To a certain degree, this dissertation is the decision of the tasks provided for in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «Law on the Judicial Review», in the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers №-1652 dated November 28, 2011 «On measures for further deepening of reforming the healthcare system» as well as in other legal instruments adopted in this area.
The aim of research work is to substantiate the use of dcrmatoglyphic criteria for the improvement of forensic medical examination of the corpses with DM.
The scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
substantiatedas the main signs of DM dcrmatoglyphic picture of hand, a thenar, hypothenar and intcrdigital angles atd in patients with DM;
developed the mechanism of forensic practice of post-mortem DM diagnosis and its complications by special program using estimation method to identify the features of dcrmatoglyphics of palmar surface of hand fingers, with a high degree of reliability for DM presence;
found that elevated level of glycated hemoglobin of venous blood is to be a basic reliable biochemical criterion to make preliminary forensic diagnosis «Diabetes mcllitus»;
proved that the level of glucose in cadaveric blood is not a reliable sign of intravital hyperglycemia;
systematized the set of informative morphological signs of DM considering the causes, nature and intensity of factoral loadings for the use in forensic studies, the ity of based on factor analysis has been.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of research on doctoral dissertation on «Expert evaluation of dcrmatoglyphics in diabetes mellitus» presented the following conclusions:
1. A retrospective analysis of forensic medical reports, as in the sudden and violent death, revealed the absence of the forensic medical diagnosis of diabetes as cause of death.
2. Of 18 elements of dcrmatoglyphics of men with diabetes and men with high fat component of body composition (FCBC), closely correlated with anthropometric and laboratory components, 10 elements were informative. Obtained results also indicate sex differences: in women with diabetes and women with high were revealed more elements of dcrmatoglyphics (23 versus 18 in men) and large asymmetry of finger and palm print which is considered as characteristic of sexual identity.
3. Obtained set of elements of dcrmatoglyphic picture established by analyzing the correlations of each of them with anthropometric and laboratory signs of diabetes and excess FCBC and subsequent isolation of elements characteristic for women and for men can be considered as a marker of individual susceptibility to diabetes.
4. Elevated levels of HBGL (over 12%) is a reliable biochemical criteria for post-mortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Blood FCBC does not depend on the duration of postmortem period. In patients with diabetes this indicator reflects the degree of compensation of diabetes during lifetime.
5. The level of sugar (glucose) in the blood of putrid due to post-mortem changes is not a reliable indication of hypo- or hyperglycemic lifetime and depends on the postmortem period.
6. The method of multivariate statistical analyzes (factorial and discriminant) was used in the most informative morphological signs of diabetes which can serve as additional criteria for the formulation of post-mortem diagnosis, i.e.:
- dramatically increased fatness
- dense convoluted vessels
- increased heart size
- excess fatty tissue under endocardium
- flabby myocardium
- the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary vessels
- sharp induration of pancreas and its largc-lobulcd structure
- swollen pancreas capsule.
7. The algorithm of action for the forensic experts on the basis of dcrmatoglyphic, biochemical and morphological criteria was suggested, which allows to carry out post-mortem diagnosis of Type 2 DM.