All articles - Engineering

Subjects of research: Ion-beam treatment and electronic spectroscopy of a surface of solid.
Purpose of work: Research of legitimacy and finding-out of physical mechanisms of formation one- and multicomponent nanofilms, nanocrystals and superlattices on the basis of semiconductor and dielectric films at low-energy ion-bombardment in a combination with annealing.
Methods of research: Auger-electron spectroscopy (for research of composition), high energy electron diffraction, raster electron microscopy (for research of crystal structure and topography), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopy elastic reflected electrons, spectroscopy characteristics loss energy electrons (for research of electron structure).
The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time the technique of obtained nanocrystals and nanofilms is developed on the basis of semiconductors and dielectric films with use of low-energy ion-implantation (Eo = 0.5-5 keV) in a combination with annealing (temperature + laser). The basic mechanisms of their formation are revealed. For the first time parameters of energetic zones and a crystal lattice of silicide nanofilms different thickness are appreciated. It is revealed, that at 9 < 5 - 6 nm with decreases of thickness of a film the width of the forbidden zone and value of a constant lattice "a" increases. The technique of an estimation of the critical sizes nanocrystals is developed at which there is a tunneling electron. The model of surface Si with nanocrystals silicide is developed.
Practical value: Results can be used for creation new nanomaterials and multilayered nanosizes geterostructure, necessary for devices micro-, opto- and nanoelectronics.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Practical recommendations for future use of the obtained results in electronic industry are developed. Results have been used at performance of grants (Patent RUz № IAP 04080. Method of obtained nanocrystals of silicide metal; Patent RUz № IAP 04081. Method of obtained three-componential nanostructure on the basis of arsenide gallium). The part of results is used in educational process (There is an act of introduction in educational process TSTU).
Field of application: physical electronics and physics of surface, micro-, opto-and nanoelectronics, ionic-beam and laser technology, production of semiconductor devices.

Subjects of research: benzothiazoline-2-ones, benzoxazoline-2-ones, benzimidazoline-2-ones, quinazolin-2,4-diones.
Purpose of work: systematic study of acylation reactions in the series of benzazoline-2-ones, quinazolin-2,4-diones and revealing the optimal conditions of reactions. Revealing of the factors influencing to course and direction of acylation reactions.
Development of convenient, effective methods of the synthesis of benzazoline-2-one, quinazolin-2,4-dione derivatives and search among them of biologically active compounds.
Methods of research: fine organic syntheses, methods of 1R, NMR ‘Н spectroscopy, mass-spectrometry, TLC, X-ray.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time, by investigation of benzazoline-2-one, quinazolin-2,4-dione reactions with acid chlorides using of catalytic quantity of Lewis acid in without of solvent and in nitrobenzene, the synthesis of corresponding acylderivatives have been carried out.
Were shown, that acylation reactions give 3-, 5- and 6-acylderivatives depend on nature of substrate and acylating agents. The relative activity of 4-substituted benzoyl chloride series and catalysts in catalytic acylation reactions of 3-benzyl-benzoxazoline-2-ones have been established.
Practical value: in the results of conducted investigations were developed the way of syntheses of the 6-acylbenzazoline-2-ones, 3-benzyl-6-acylbenzoxazoline-2-ones, 6-acylquinazolin-2,4-diones. It was found, that the possibility of carrying out reaction of benzoxazoline-2-ones and 3-benzylbenzoxazoline-2-ones with acid chlorides, wich impossible in using of nitrobenzene.
Among synthesized compounds are revealed the biologically active substances.
Degree of embed and economical cffcctivity: among of the synthesized compounds are revealed substances, possessing plant defoliating and fungicidal activities. In future they can find their usage as pesticides.
Field of application: organic chemistry, agriculture.

Subjects of the inquiry: silicate brick and cellular concrete on lime-silica mixture with additive THAL.
Aim of the inquiry: Development scientifically-motivated principle physicchemical and resource saving- technologies of the reception silicate material autoclaving of the repeating over and over again with perfected technician-working characteristic by way of the goal-directed change the mechanism of the processes hydratasionnog interactions component, kineticses of the structurization and morphologies hydrating new formations at hydrotermalno to processing lime-silica systems by introduction thermo- and thermo chemical of the actuated additives of the local origin.
Methods of inquiry: chemical, physico-mechanical (the determination plastic and mechanical toughness), physico-chemical (x-rays phase, DTA, electronic-microscopic, IK-spectroscopic) methods studies, hydrotermalno processing, method of the thermal processing.
The results achieved and their novelty: is Designed scientifically-methodical principles physico-chemical base and resource saving technology of the reception silicate autoclave material by determinations correlation dependencies "structure-characteristic" and regularities hydratasionnog interactions mineral in silicate composition "barhan sand-lime-melted" at hydratasionnog to processing. Because of quick collecting certain portion by Sa(ON)2 alyminat by join process dissolutions of silica speeds up hydraalyminat calcium in saturated lime ambience with formation hydrasilikat lowered and is warned their transition about high main hydra silicates, forming hydra silicates type SSN(ln) are stable in hardening system. Armirovannyy, nitevidnim and voloknnistnimi crystal hydra mineral silicate brick shows the high factors physico-mechanical characteristic, atmosphere- and frost stability.
Due to exception plastic characteristic clinics forming lessee under his(its) thermochemical of the activations with fosfogypsum the process gas of the formation, increases the utilization ratio gas of the formation, grows shorter duration of the process вспучивания, speeds up the structurization, grows shorter time an izotermal aboutgreva gas of the concrete, increases his(its) toughness and frost stability, decreases waterabsorption.
Practical value: enlarges the source of raw materials for production of the silicate building materials autoklavnoy repeating over and over again to account of scale involvement broadly wide-spread in Uzbekistan лессов and lessoseen loam, enormous spare of the departure fosfogypsum, is reached economy of lime, and reduction to duration of their fabrication to account of the using THAL, providing high technician-working characteristic product and design. The Results of the studies served the normative base for development NTD on pilot production of the silicate brick and cellular concrete with use thermo- and THAL, on base which is organized test on issue experienced their party.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The Results of the studies are checked in condition Urgenchskogo ZSM by issue to initial lot of the silicate brick in volume 3460 sht on base lime- silica searched for, with additive 15-20 % TAL. To account spare 4-5 % lime prime cost, on 100 kgs mixture reduction cost silicate mixture forms 2320 sum. that has allowed to get 110720 bags of the economic effect. At translation Urgenchskogo ZSM on issue of the silicate brick with additive TAL expected economic effect will form 41472000 bags/year.
Experienced-industrial test, called on on Dzhizakskom K.SM on issue of the initial lot of the cellular silicate concrete with use THAL has shown that prime cost of the cellular concrete of the recommended composition lower, prime cost of the traditional cellular silicate concrete. Expected economic effect under annual volume of production 64300 m’ silicate cellular concrete with use THAL will form 46937000 bags/year
Sphere of usage: industry of the building materials and formation industry RUz.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. At the present stage of development there is a distinct steady growth in consumption of motor fuels in Uzbekistan, which necessitates the use of alternative raw material resources and efficient use of conventional oil resources for their production.
Alongside with this, the emerging worldwide trend of gradual depletion of oil stock, increase in share of heavy crude oils in hydrocarbon processing output, strengthening of requirements to operational and environmental characteristics of motor fuels dictates the need to find alternative energy resources for expansion of motor gasoline and diesel fuel production.
It should be noted that, until now, there has been no in-depth research of specific features of gasoline and diesel fuels production using plant materials, byproducts of oil refining and chemical industries as fuel additives, heavy crude oils processing for maximum extraction of motor fuel components in terms of physical-chemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems; there is virtually no experience of extraction and ways of use of oil shale tars of the republic deposits as alternative sources of fuels.
Availability of huge capacity for methanol production makes it important to conduct integrated studies on production of gasoline-methanol fuel mixtures with improved environmental characteristics. The ethanol resources available in the country and opportunities to obtain biobutanol make it relevant and actual to conduct research and development of effective gasoline additives on their basis.
The resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan «Program of action for environmental protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2008-2012» of 19.09.2008 №212 seeks rational and complex use of oil and gas condensate, including heavy oil resources, the introduction of clean and resourceefficient technologies, including technologies for use of renewable energy sources.
The tendency for increase in share of processing of composite oil-gas condensate stock necessitates the revision of the existing and development of new technological solutions for the selection of optimum composition of mixtures of heavy oil and gas condensate with a view to ensure maximum extraction of light fractions in the course of processing based on the theory of controlled phase transitions in oil dispersion systems with estimation of criteria for determination of optimum ratios of raw components in composite materials.
Uzbekistan possesses huge oil shale reserves. Similar origin of organic substances of oil shale, the similarity of their composition to that of oil stock makes it topical to study the methods for separation of organic components of oil shale and development of ways for their conversion into motor fuel components.
Demand of the subject of dissertation lies in development of scientific and technological bases for motor fuels production with involvement of local plant materials, products of secondary oil processing, optimization of joint processing of heavy crude oils and gas condensates with directional regulation of yield of light fractions, development of methods for use of non-conventional sources of raw materials for production of fuel components, improvement of operational and environmental characteristics of motor fuels
Purpose of research is development of the scientific and technological bases for gasoline and diesel fuel production on the basis of local raw material resources.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
It has been established that gasoline-methanol mixtures up to 5% methanol content make no corrosive attack on «valve-seat» sections of gasoline injectors, rubber seal rings and aluminium materials, and usage of such mixtures results in reduction of hazardous emissions - carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CH) up to 40-45%;
It has been found that involvement of biobutanol in gasoline-methanol and gasoline-ethanol mixtures in quantity comparable to methanol and ethanol content increases the permissible quantity of residual water in the mixture to ensure the predetermined cloud point temperature by more than 60% relative and 150% relative, respectively;
there has been developed the histograms of dependence of gasoline octane number maintenance by means of replacement of monomethylaniline with methanol and ethanol, and it was found that 5% of methanol reduces monomethylaniline content in gasoline by 35% relative, 7% ethanol - by 40% relative;
there has been developed a method for diesel fuel production with involvement of by-products of secondary refining processes and proposed dependence criteria for determining their limit content in fuel composition;
there has been determined the specifics of refining of heavy oils of Surkhandarya deposits in mixture with gas condensate in terms of physicochemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems. It is found that more than 30% content of gas condensate and more in mixtures causes increase in yield of light fractions up to 4% compared to the yield, calculated according to the rule of additivity;
there has been determined the optimum condition for extraction of oil shale tars in the course of their processing: pyrolysis temperature - 550°C, pyrolysis temperature retention time - 45 minutes. It has been demonstrated that preliminary preparation of oil shale of Baysun deposits through alkaline and bacterial treatment allows for reduction of sulphur content in oil shale tars up to 40-70%, increase in depth of extraction of shale tar samples by more than 60% relative.
CONCLUSION
1. For the first time there were conducted integrated studies on production of gasoline-methanol mixtures on the basis of local raw material resources, including benchmark and field testing, acceptability of primary components was demonstrated.
It is found that gasoline-methanol mixtures with up to 5% methanol content do not make corrosive attack on «valve-seat» sections of gasoline injectors, rubber seal ring s and aluminium materials, and, when using moisture free base gasoline and methanol (99,95%), mixtures demonstrate resistance to segregation, sufficient for moderate climate conditions of the Republic.
Results of benchmark tests supported power maintenance of engine running on gasoline Al-91 with 3% and 5% methanol, reduction of specific fuel rate approximately to 2.5%, reduction of hazardous emissions - carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CH) by 40-45% in comparison with the base gasoline.
2. There was prepared biobutanol from plant material and demonstrated efficiency of its use as a part binary oxygenates, determined its role in regulating phase stability and improvement of octane characteristics of gasoline containing methanol and ethanol.
3. There were developed methods for improvement of environmental performance of motor gasoline using additives on the basis of mixed composite combinations of oxygenates - methanol, ethanol, in combination with nitrogen- and manganese containing dopants. There were developed some histograms of dependence of octane number maintenance of commercial gasoline with different concentrations of binary additives on the basis of methanol and ethanol.
High performance characteristics of developed composition of gasoline Al-80 of Fergana Oil Refinery, with the component composition, % by weight: directly distilled gasoline fraction-55.41; stable catalyst - 33.64; gasoline of delayed coking units - 9.9; antiknock additive ADA-Super - 1.01; antiknock additive Hi-tech 3062 - 0.04 confirmed by results of qualification tests.
4. There were proposed methods for diesel fuel production with involvement of by-products of oil-refinery - light coking distillate and overhead vacuum distillate of fuel oil vacuum distillation unit, which enabled to obtain additional resources in amount up to 5-7% of the volume of commercial diesel fuel. Proposed dependence criteria for determination of limiting quantities of by-product added to diesel fuel.
5. As a result of experimental-production studies there was studied of the specifics of heavy oil processing in combination with gas condensate from the fields of the republic, and demonstrates that directional regulation of their ratio in mixture in terms of physicochemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems is a way of maximizing extraction of light fractions.
There were developed the methods of control of optimal ratio of heavy oils and gas condensate in the course of their joint processing for maximum extraction of light fractions using dependence of viscosity characteristics of mixtures.
6. There was studied the processing of oil shale with a view to obtain alternative motor fuel components, selected an optimal mode of oil shale tar extraction using the developed laboratory instrument of high-temperature processing of oil shale, optimal pyrolysis conditions determined the following parameters: pyrolysis temperature - 550°C, pyrolysis temperature holding time - 45 min.
7. Determined the role of preliminary treatment of oil shale in pyrolysis results. It is demonstrated that alkaline treatment of oil shale leads to removal of reducing forms of sulfur. The most effective removal of reducing forms of sulfur (up to 83%) occurs when the concentration of NaOH is equal to 1%. Biological treatment of oil shale causes increase in shale tar yield. It is found that tar output from treated oil shale made 18.0%, or more than 60% of relative tar yield from source oil shale. Stage of acidification of oil shale material by sulfuric acid solution leads to increase in tar yield at 21.3% R.H.
8. For the first time, there was demonstrated the possibility of use of shale tars as an alternative raw material for production of motor fuel components, substantiated the technology of shale tar processing together with oil stock with the use of conventional technologies and oil refining processes.
9. It has been established that the gradual acidification leads to development of local («native») microflora of shale material, causing significant increase in liter slurry of iron oxidizing bacteria As. Ferrooxidans, which is the main type bacteria currently used in technologies of mineral raw materials processing, since the very existence in the original shale of «inoculating material» of iron oxidizing bacteria w ill be a source of replenishment of bacteria needed for oil shale processing.
10. In industrial conditions of the Fergana Refinery there was developed a process flow diagram of preparation, introduced the technology of diesel fuel production using by-products of oil refinery - light coking distillate and overhead vacuum distillate in accordance with the requirements of the standard for summer diesel fuel, developed and implemented a temporary production technology of pilot batches of gasoline-methanol mixture, Specifications TSh 39.3-285:2012 «Automobile methanol gasoline» for motor spirits of grades AI-80-M1, 3 and 5 (with 1, 3 and 5% methanol respectively) and A1-91-M1, 3 and 5 have been developed, approved and registered in the Agency Uzstandard. There was developed and implemented the guidelines for preparing and processing of heavy oils and gas condensate mixtures in optimal ratio at JV Jarkurganneftepererabotka. Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.

Actuality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The modem mechanical engineering plays the leading part in scientific and technical progress and is base for successful development of all industries and agriculture. In our republic the President of the Republic Uzbekistan Islam Karimov noted that still in machine building by the most important direction in branch specialization must be the development of agricultural machine building, based on producting of the machines and mechanism for cotton complex of the republic: «... Cotton for Uzbekistan is political and economic power, guaranteeing independence of the republic».
The primary goal of cotton-cleaning industries is maintenance of competitiveness of producting at global level in modem conditions of market economy industry by resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of third of april 2007 year №70 «On the program of modernization and reconstruction of ginneries in the period 2007-2011». The major component in the decision of the given problem belongs to the process equipment - to machines of primary cotton-ginning (cleaners of large rubbish, gins, linters, fibre cleaners) which working capacity is substantially defined by durability of the mass itself and main details of their working body - saw disk, and also grid-irons.
Therefore loss by a detail of the service purpose and its destruction in most eases begins in a superficial layer, for example, occurrence and development of fatigue cracks, deterioration, corrosion, etc.
The teeth of sawing disks while in service test variable pressure at significant number of cycles stressing, for example, at frequency of rotation of sawing cylinder n=730 already in current of 48 hours the quantity of cycles makes rev/min more than 2,1 • IO6. Such conditions of stressing the teeth at contact to a variable on weight and density of raw platen promotes development of fatigue cracks in them, the plastic shift and contortion, and presence in a cotton-raw of firm inclusions (a granite, corundum, limestone) causes abrasive deterioration. The grid-irons making the same lattice in gins and linters should have high wear resistance too.
According to the technical rules time of operation and the subsequent full replacement saw disks on the worker to a shaft makes depending on a grade of a processed cotton-raw of 72 - 96 hours for ginning saws, 48 hours - for lintcr saws. In view of that restoration saw disks is carried out crossing (ginning saws - 2, linting saws - 5 times) them for the new size, and also their quantity, for example, in gins from 90 up to 130 depending on updating, the total requirement of saw disks for 98 cotton-cleaning factories of republic is estimated more than 1 mln. for one cottonharvest season. Position is complicated that expensive carbonaceous tool steel U8G is completely delivered from Russian Federation. Reduction of importing this material due to sharp increasing durability of saw disks, certainly, will increase economic efficiency of cotton-conversion because of decreasing cost price of producting - the cotton fibre.
Even through the gained up great experience in development of new ways of increasing reliability of details has appeared not to be demanded in a whole on referencing to sawing disks and for responsible details of cotton-ginning machines the research were extremely insufficient. Such circumstances make necessary and very important choice from the big arsenal of modem means of hardening the optimum kind for the given concrete ease. Well known methods of hardening the teeth of saw disks (electrocontact heating and laser processing) do not solve one a problem of increasing of their durability as as the result of powerful thermal influence on top of a tooth occcrcd a volumetric training and the effect of thermalhardening arc shown. Volumetric training docs not save a core of details viscous and it is undesirable at rcpcatcdly-variablc loadings at a bend because of decreasing the working capacity and resistibility to fatigue failure in operational conditions.
The most progressive and effective method of hardening is superficial plastic deformation (SPD), in particular, shot processing concerning dynamic methods SPD details of machines. Technological opportunities of shot hardenings extends first of all for hard thin details, differing sharp edges. To these constructive scaturcs completely correspond teeth of saw disks that has formed the basis for new scientific and technical decision with the purpose of increasing of working capacity of cottonginning machines.
The given decision of the specified problems provides development of new scientific approaches in the theory and practice of technological maintenance of quality and opportunity forecasting of durability of details on condition of their superficial layer after strengthening mechanical processing.
Purpose of the research is to work out of technological methods of increasing the working capacity of cotton-ginning machines by maintenance of demanded quality of superficial layer of details of working bodies and forecasting of their durability in operational conditions.
Scientific novelty of the research is consisted of the following:
it is worked out the structure-energetic model of formation and algorithm of calculation of technological residual pressure at superficial deformation hardening details of machines of primary cotton processing based on the modem concept, of physics, plastic deformation of metal;
it is developed the method of superficial dynamic hardening in teeth’s fraction of saws in cotton-ginning machines (patent useful for model “Shot installation method of superficial dynamic hardening in fraction for hardening details” FAP 00513, 31/12/2009);
it is established optimum technological parameters of shot processings in sawing disks on the base of experimental researches;
it is solved analytically the problem by definition the factor of restoration of speed к at impact, contact interaction of firm bodies used for thermodynamic analysis in processes of dynamic hardening;
it is offered the method of cstimational of depth of deformation hardening at shot processing disks of the gins, based on the differential equation movement of firm spherical particle in its clastic - the plastic environment;
it is developed the mechanism of formation of high-altitude parameter of a roughness of the strengthened surface at shock deformation processing in fraction of saws;
it is developed the methods of calculation on multicyclic weariness and forecasting of durability disks in the operational conditions, problems based on the analytical decision by definition of intensity of residual pressure.
Conclusion
1. It is worked out the structural-energy model of formation and algorithm of calculation of technological residual pressure o0St in the superficial layer of details of working bodies of machines after mechanical processing.
2. It is established the interrelation of technological residual pressure o0St with a level of reserved (latent) energy Us of deformations which can be defined on one of three developed methods: on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics; on the basis of dislocational representations and corresponding power parities (the theory of dispositions); by means of the schematized diagrams of deformation Oi=f(£j) constructional materials.
3. It is analytically identified the major parameter of contact interaction at impact of firm bodies - factor of restoration of speed к at impact on the basis of a schematization of contact of fraction with a processable material: one-act impact of a rigid spherical firm particle with average speed of a stream u0 under a right angle a=90° with elastic semi-space (a deformable body, including its homogeneous and isotropic).
4. It is received the main correlation on the basis of structural-power model the parities, allowing to define the specific reserved energy Us equal to change of internal energy AU of a superficial layer, and defined on one of three developed methods: thermodynamic, dislocations and a method of the diagram of deformation of a processable material.
5. In work the basic parities for the latent energy of deformation Us on the basis of the thermodynamic analysis of power balance arc received at deformation of a cut off bladed layer by the tool and static methods SPD (running by balls and diamond smoothing). Methods of calculation of the latent energy of deformation arc developed at cutting materials with various physicomcchanical properties and on the basis of the schematized diagrams of deformation of constructional materials.
6. It is worked out the algorithm of calculation of technological residual pressure on structurally-powcr model at shot hardening of details of machines. Theoretical values of the residual pressure calculated on SEM on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics (Oj ost=1095 N/mm2) and theories of dispositions (Oj ost=1061 N/mm2) arc in good comparability to data of experimental researches (o, ost=l080 N/mm2) since difference of the resulted data makes accordingly 1.4 and-1,7 % it is a reliable substantiation for use of theoretical values of residual pressure in forecasting to an estimation of durability and fatigue durability of details of machines.
7. For the first time it is proved, that for a residual field of pressure the first invariant of tensor in pressures is carried out, being linear, i.c. having values axial ox ost and tangential oy ost residual pressure and their intensity o, ost, it is possible to calculate the main residual pressure o, ost and o2 ost- These pressures arc used at calculation on durability in conditions static and cyclic stressing.
8. It is executed the estimation of influence of technological residual pressure on durability (bearing ability) designs at multicyclic stressing and the algorithm of calculation on multicyclic weariness and a resource of work saw disks of cotton-ginning machines is developed. Calculation of fatigue durability is made by means of the theoretical decision of a problem of formation the technological residual pressure at the flat intense condition.
9. From the equation of movement of absolutely rigid sphere (ball) in the processable environment (semi-infinite firm body) at an assumption about a constancy of average pressure of resistance to introduction or average pressure of current (a limit of fluidity oT) the formula for theoretical definition of peening’s depth hn is received. Reliability of settlement values hn is confirmed also by experimental data of other researchers. The basic laws of influence of parameters shot processings of teeth on saw disks on depth and a degree of deformation hardening arc received. Optimum modes of processing arc certain: speed split up o=30m/s; diameter split up d=0,6 mm; time of processing t=4 minutes. This mode provides hH depth of peening up to 0,23 mm with maximal superficial microhardness Hu =4560 MPa and a degree of peening U=33,4 %.
10. It is received satisfactory concurrence for practical use (8 ... 12 %) experimental conditions of manufacture and theoretical values of durability saw disks with strengthened teeth. Industrial tests have confirmed high efficiency ginning saws with strengthened teeth of shot processing. Tests arc spent at processing cotton-raw of manual gathering of a grade of 5/3 selections S - 6524 of humidity of 13,1 %. The increase in durability (up to two and more times) saw disks is connected with the raised superficial microhardness and preservation of a viscous core of teeth. As experiments testify, shot processing practically excludes operation of processing a saw cylinder in a sand bath since under action of a stream of fraction agnails smooth out and transitive surfaces with radius 0,2 ... 0,3 mm between sides of teeth arc formed.
11. It is established, that ginning a cotton-raw with saw disks with strengthened teeth saves well quality of a fibre and cotton seeds. Economic benefit of introduction in manufacture ginning saws on two cotton-ginning factories Tashkent and Andijan regions were made with 80 992.3 thousands sum.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The increased interest in the development of effective composite polymer materials for manufacturing mechanical engineering parts with improved tribological characteristics, including cotton processing industry, due to the current requirements and defines the prospects of development of innovative technologies.
Raw cotton plays an important role in the economy of Uzbekistan. Therefore increase of efficiency of production of cotton through complex mechanization of all processes, starting with cotton collecting and finishing by its processing, improvement of working capacity and productivity of used machinery and mechanisms with preservation of natural indicators of raw cotton is the main technical and economic task, actual for scientists, engineers and designers of Republic. The problem can be solved by the use of composite polymeric materials (CPM) in manufacturing of working bodies of cotton processing machines.
In order to implement these measures the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the field of composite materials, providing improvement of technological equipment for processing of raw cotton are important and in demand.
Molecular-mechanical-electrical theory, explaining the processes occurring upon contact the material with cotton fiber, is considered to be one of the fundamental to modern material science and tribology. Based on this theory, a comprehensive study of the processes occurring in the "polymer-filler", "polymer-cotton" and "composite-cotton," reveals the regularity of formation of interfacial interaction in polymer compositions depending on the type of polymer binders, the nature, content and structure of fillers and cotton raw, to develop effective antifriction, antifriction wearproof CPM that provide increased efficiency and effectiveness of the working bodies of the cotton-ginning and cotton proceeding machinery.
In this regard development of optimum structures and effective resource-saving technologies of receiving of antifriction and wearproof CPM on the basis of local raw material resources and establishment of optimum technological parameters of manufacturing the parts and details for machinery, in particular, for machinery of the cotton processing industry, is an actual problem.
The research work is in demand and is orientated on ensuring implementation of the Resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-916 of 15.07.2008 "On additional measures to stimulate introduction of innovative projects and technologies into production" and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-832 of 07.04.2008 "On program of modernization and reconstruction of the cotton industry for 2007-2011"
Purpose of research is the development of composite polymeric materials that provide the physical, mechanical and tribological properties of cotton processing machinery parts.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following::
the regularities elicitated of change in physical-mechanical and tribological properties of composites from the type and content of polymers and fillers. Mineral fillers - talc, kaolin, wollastonite at their optimal content of 10-30 mas. p. improve the antifriction and physical mechanical properties, fluidity of the polymer composition, reduce shrinkage during the formation of these parts;
fiber glass and cotton lint, increase strength properties and friction factor, reduce intensity of wear process, raise stability of composites to thermomechanical influences at the expense of their reinforcing, thus optimum doses fillers in a composition are 10-40 mas. p.; carbon-graphite fillers - graphite and carbon black, reduce friction factor, increase wear process, raise heat - and electrical conductivity, reduce temperature and size of a charge of the static electricity, arising in a zone of a friction of rubbing pairs working structures of machines, thus the optimum maintenance fibrous fillers in compositions makes 5-10 mas. p.;
the considerable effect of strengthening of operational characteristics of CPM was revealed when using the mechanically activated fillers which basis is made by the found specific interactions of polymer with a surface of the dispersed fillers;
effective structures of some antifrictional and is antifrictional-wearproof CPM are developed and laws of change physicomechanical and tribotechnic properties depending on technological modes of their moulding under pressure which allow to establish optimum technological parameters of their formation with high physicomechanical and tribotechnical properties are established;
recommendations for rational use of optimum technological parameters of formation taking into account potential possibilities of increase of resources and operability of materials were developed;
recommendations for rational use of optimum technological parameters of formation taking into account potential possibilities of increase of resources and operability of materials were developed;
optimum technological parameters (melting temperature, specific pressure of injection, form temperature, time of endurance of details in shape, cooling time) of manufacturing of monolithic wearproof details of rubbing pairs of working bodies of cotton processing machinery were defined.
CONCLUSION
1. Physical and chemical bases of creation of the antifrictional and antifrictionwearproof composite polymeric materials, combining in structure fibrous, mineral and carbon-graphite fillers, by detection of regularities of a variation largely elastic strengthening characteristics, factor of a friction and wear from type and concentration of separately taken fillers are developed, including and a mechanically activated condition, and also their synergetic mixes.
2. Optimum structures of antifrictional and antifriction-wearproof polypropylene and polyethylene composite materials (APEC-1, APEC-2, AWPEC-1, AWPEC-2, APPC-1, APPC-2, AWPPC-1, AWPPC-2), providing their best functionally important physical-mechanical and operational properties and, respectively, effective work in the conditions of their interaction with cotton raw in the form of pin workers of bodies of cotton processing machinery and mechanisms are developed.
3. Consistent patterns of change of antifrictional and antifriction-wearproof properties of composite polypropylene and polyethylene materials are determined at frictional interaction with cotton raw from type and the maintenance of fillers. It is revealed that the best indicators on factor of a friction have the polyolefins filled with carbon-graphite fillers. Mineral fillers increase factor of a friction and at the same time reduce intensity of wear process, except for such fillers, as talc and kaolin which have lamellar structure and at which use decrease in factor of a friction is observed. Effective decrease in intensity of wear process of polymeric composites is observed also at introduction of fillers of the fibrous type providing high durability and stability of a material to thermomechanical influence. The established dependences laid down in a basis of development of technology of receiving products on the basis of the developed optimum structures of CPM.
4. The technological line is developed for receiving CPM and on their basis of details of rubbing pairs of working bodies of cotton processing machinery which allows to receive the composites packed in the form of tablets.
5. Results of IR-, EPR-spectroscopy and x-ray researches established existence of specific interactions polymeric binding with organic and inorganic components in CPM. It is revealed that the mechanical activation of fillers (in particular a kaolin, soot, fiber glass) leads to emergence on a surface of various type of the active radicals promoting strengthening of interaction of polyolefins with fillers which regulation allow to vary largely structural and kinetic activity of fillers. Elastic strengthening characteristics of composites with mechanically activated fillers exceed traditional composite polymeric materials of identical structure more than for 15-20%.
6. Researches on optimization of technological parameters of molding under the pressure of CPM are carried out. It is established that formation physicalmechanical and the CPM tribotechnical properties is in direct dependence on technological parameters at their molding under pressure. Thus the most essential influence put melting temperature and specific pressure of injection of a material, and duration of endurance of composition in shape under pressure, time of endurance of products in shape at their cooling and form temperature - insignificant influence.
7. The carried-out comparative tests of developed composite polymer peg details of working bodies of cotton proceeding machines showed that their application increases wear resistance in 1,5-1,8 times, productivity of machines - for 7-14 %, reduces power consumption - for 5-8 %, mechanical damage of fibers - for 0,12-0,28 %, damage of seeds - for 0,16-0,32 %. Economic effect from application of details from antifrictional and antifriction-wearproof composite materials of working bodies of cotton processing machines at Buka cotton plant is 125 million soums (2013).

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. The major problem put by the state in front of the textile industry is achievement of a steady place of textile production in the international market and to bring the contribution to a gain of level of economically developed countries of the world. As the President of Republic Uzbekistan Islam Karimov has underlined: “Special attention should be turned on the further development of manufacture, first of all in apparel, textile and food-processing industry, on more profound processing of a cotton fiber, other agricultural production and a source of raw materials, the industry of building materials, the organization of release of the ready qualitative production using steady demand”1.
In Uzbekistan advancing rates manufacture of knitted products develops, new technologies arc applied and the assortment of knitwear extends.
In the industry, trade and sphere of services demand to manufacture of the knitted products combining high adaptability to manufacture and the low cost price with good consumer properties. Therefore the decision of the above-stated problems in technology of knitted manufacture gets special value and is necessary.
According to the Decision of the Cabinet Ministers of Republic Uzbekistan from August, 8th, 2012 №234 «About additional measures on expansion of assortment and increase in volume of manufacture non-food products in 2012-2015» for the textile industry in modern conditions of market economy there is a problem of expansion of assortment and increase in volume of manufacture qualitative, competitive in the internal and external markets non-food products.
Consumer’ requirements to quality and appearance of product are daily increasing. Therefore the attention to the question of replacement of a smooth cloth on wide assortment with pattern effect is sharply brought. Now at the knitting enterprises of Republic there is enough modem circular and flat knitting equipment. Knitting machines have wide technological possibilities for producing of new kind’s fabric assortment. For today necessity of use for full capacity of the given equipment and possibility of producing of various kinds of structures with use pattern elements is an actual problem to which decision the present dissertation is devoted.
Purpose of the research is the substantiation of technology of producing new kinds of fabric assortment at double weft machines, to create of new structures, and also expansion of technological possibilities of the equipment by development of interloopings with small rapport patterned effect.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists of the following:
it is offered the new method of producing piece knitting plush structure on double flat machines (IDP 2002 05204) and method of producing of plush knitting on double warp machines (IDP 2002 05205);
it is recommended the rational intcrlooping scheme by improvement intcrlooping systems of flat knitting machines and technology of producing patterned piece knitting by plush intcrlooping;
it is revealed influence of technological parameters and physical-mechanical properties of double knitted interloopings by using of pattern elements on decreasing of raw material expenditure (UZ FAP 00830);
it is theoretically proved parameters of yam feeding process on double weft flat and circular machines at various construction of yam feeder;
it is scientifically proved parameters of yam feeding in bending process and tension at enter and exit at yam moving on spire parts of the machine on the basis of Euler's law with using of Maple program;
it is developed the new method of definition of length of plush loop yam at calculation of technological parameters of knitting and it is recommended the new coefficient for definition of plush loop length;
it is worked out and projected the new way of the automated calculation of parameters of knitting structures with using of program Delphi 7.
THE CONCLUSION
In dissertational work on the basis of theoretical and experimental researches in the field of technology of producing of new kind’s fabric assortment with double weft machines, new methods and the technological workings out having essential value for increase of efficiency of processes of manufacture and quality of finished articles arc offered. As a result following results arc received:
1. It is revealed, that at the knitting enterprises of Uzbekistan basically arc developed unary and double weft intcrloopings from a class of the main, derivative and some patterned intcrloopings. But they arc not made difficult patterned and combined intcrloopings which would allow to improve quality, appearance, pattern effect and to satisfy consumer requirements, thereby effectively to use technological possibilities weft double knitting machines.
2. It is worked out and recommended on the basis of the analysis the features of development of plush knitting ways of development piece patterned plush knitting with a new design of yam feeding devices and with installation of pins and needles on double knitting machines (IDP 2002 05204, IDP 2002 05205).
3. On the basis of studying of technological possibilities double circular interlock machines TERROT and double flat knitting machines PROTTI arc developed a pattern ornament, a patron of needles, structure, graphic notice and the description of knitting process on courses for new on base interlock intcrloopings with application of an additional element - cardigan loops and double face jacquard intcrloopings with small rapport a pattern for creation of patterned effect on a fabric surface.
4. Mathematical descriptions of process arc recommended at change of each of parameters depending on quantity change of cardigan loops in intcrloopings rapport which arc one-factorial mathematical models. By results of experiment the size of reliability of approximation R2<1 also aspires to a minimum.
5. Variants of fabrics with the reduced expense of raw materials as structures with the improved indicators and properties which arc developed on weft double machines on the basis of results of researches of technological parameters and physical-mcchanical properties on base interlock and double face jacquard intcrloopings arc developed and recommended.
6. Considerable reduction of volume density of new structures derivative interlock knitting three rib, four rib and five rib intcrloopings in comparison with a base intcrlooping at the expense of an arrangement of elements of loopy structure is provcd:-in three rib knitting - 9,8 %;-in four rib knitting - 29,2 %; - in five rib knitting - 34,4 %.
7. It is established, that at constant depth bending the maximum values of a tension depend on an entrance tension, frictional properties of a superficial friction and, mainly from a comer bending, and ways of decrease in a tension of a thread in branches of bending threads arc theoretically proved.
8. Application of a way of counter movement of spire parts, i.e. use on circular machine mobile trick walls, rubber coverings of a surface of the rollers possessing damping properties is theoretically proved, possibility of reduction of comer of grasp and time bending is thus defined.
9. The mathematical model of process in which bending is considered in five stages is constructed. Thus depth bending needles and lifting trick walls arc considered as known functions of time and at these assumptions dependences between a tension of a thread and a corner of a grasp, speed of descent of a needle and lifting trick walls, and thus arc received, law of change a thread tension in the beginning and the end of each stage is established.
10. It is established, that at trick walls lifting simultaneously with lowering of a needle the thread tension decreases in comparison with usual bending process, depending on friction factor, for 20-40 %. For circular machines with concrete data the settlement it is by defined, that value of a tension of a thread at simultaneous lowering of a needle and lifting trick walls decreases for 37,9 % and at simultaneous use of rotating rollers in addition - on 5,6 %.
11. Interfaces of calculation of technological parameters of such intcrloopings, as plain, rib 1+1, interlock, plush and a new method of calculation of plush knitting which much more simplifies definition of technological parameters with introduction of the coefficient defined experimental for upwears, underwear knitting, and also for hosiery arc recommended.
12. Expected economic benefit of application of offered technology of development interlock patterned intcrloopings makes 486000 sum at processing of raw materials of 1000 kg and from application of offered technology of development jacquard intcrloopings makes 1590000 sum at processing of raw materials of 1000 kg in the prices 2013y.

Actuality and demand of the theme of dissertation. The inverse problems of spectral analysis meet in various fields of natural science, for example, in quantum mechanics in determining interatomic forces using known energy levels, in a radio engineering in the synthesis parameters of inhomogeneous transmission lines, in the theory of elasticity in determining cross sections of the joist by a given its own frequency of vibrations, in geophysics in determining the electrical properties of the internal layers of the Earth via the impedance characteristics.
The importance of the spectral theory for differential operators increased rapidly after the discovery of the inverse scattering method for the exact solution of the equation of Korteweg-de Vries, which describes the gravitational long waves in shallow water. Subsequently other nonlinear evolution equations were found, to be solved by this method, which have numerous practical applications in various fields of physics. For example, these equations occur when analyzing the ion acoustic waves in plasma, the Langmuir waves in a thin plasma cylinder, the different waves in hydrodynamics. Application of inverse scattering method for solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, arising in nonlinear optics, led to the creation of the theory of optical solitons, and allowed to find new examples of soliton models. Moreover, this method has allowed to develop new approaches to the analysis of the phenomena described by systems of equations close to those completely integrable ones.
Real physical systems are described by equations with self-consistent sources, which are one of the modifications of classical equations. Moreover, the forces acting on the physical system are finite only for a finite time, therefore, the real models are reduced to the equations in the class of periodic and almost-periodic functions on the spatial variables. Applications of the method of inverse problems of spectral theory to various problems of nonlinear optics, plasma physics, hydrodynamics and other areas are one of the priority directions.
Now solitons have become one of the main objects in many of the problems of the dynamics of nonlinear waves. In the last years optical solitons have been used in the telecommunication technologies. An important part of the current research in the theory of solitons comprises studies of nonlinear waves in non-resonant environments. Relation of this theory with the problems of hydrodynamics, allows us to solve a variety of environmental problems, which is concern to the Aral Sea region, determine the demand of research related to the theme of the dissertation.
The aim of the research is solution to the inverse spectral problems for differential operators with periodical coefficients and their applications to solutions nonlinear evolution equations in the class of periodic functions, proof of the analogue of the inverse theorem of Borg in the case of Dirac operator, solving inverse spectral problems on the half line for the Sturm-Liouville operator and for a quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouville operators with a periodic potential.
Scientific novelty consists of the following:
complete integrability of the Korteweg-de Vries equation with self-consistent source in the class of periodic functions is proved;
the analogue of the inverse theorem of Borg is proved in the case of Dirac operator;
identities for the squares of the components of the vector eigenfunctions of problems for Dirac’s system of equations with periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions are obtained;
complete integrability of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with self-consistent source in the class of periodic functions is proved;
the theorems about a relationship between analyticity potential with exponential decrease of lengths of the gaps of a quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouvill operators are proved;
the analogue of the inverse theorem of Borg is proved in the case of quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouvill’s operators;
complete integrability of the Kaup’s system with self-consistent source in the class of periodic functions is proved;
the inverse spectral problems for Sturm-Liouville’s operator and for quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouvill’s operators with periodic potential in half-line are solved.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Complete integrability of the Korteweg-de Vries equation with self-consistent source in the class of periodic functions is proved.
2. The analogue of the inverse theorem of Borg is proved in the case of Dirac operator.
3. The identities for the squares of the components of the vector eigenfunctions of problems for Dirac’s system of equations with periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions are obtained.
4. Complete integrability of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with self-consistent source in the class of periodic functions is proved.
5. The theorems about a relationship between analyticity potential with exponential decrease of lengths of the gaps of a quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouville operators are proved.
6. The analogue of the inverse theorem of Borg is proved in the case of quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouvill’s operators.
7. Complete integrability of the Kaup’s system with self-consistent source in the class of periodic functions is proved.
8. The inverse spectral problems for Sturm-Liouville’s operator and for quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouvill’s operators with periodic potential in halfline are solved.

The topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. At present, the accelerated development of new technologies around the world enhances the demand for the use of the electromagnetic field device management systems, production processes, every day. The world is currently about 35% of sewage and drinking water should be cleaned, decontaminated and desalted. In this context, the rational use of drinking water, municipal and industrial, sewage, improving the quality of processing, with the help of technical means of cleansing and disinfection and technologies usoverschenstvovanic comprehensive measures arc priorities.
Globally, currently about 2-3% (K.W. hour) of electricity generated is spent on the purification of waste water, decontamination and desalination. In this regard, one of the main objectives of the national economy is to provide decontamination and desalination devices with high performance and efficiency, greater reliability and energy efficiency, it becomes important.
In this regard, according to existing technologies reagent methods of cleaning and disinfection arc costly and ineffective, in which water is not enough cleaned and disinfected, does not provide high reliability and economic efficiency. Based on these provisions, it is appropriate to study, research devices, control systems unified spatial electromagnetic field. On the basis of performed cleaning, disinfection, desalination and desalination, which provides energy saving, high reliability, performance, and versatility that is highly relevant.
In this regard, of particular interest is the introduction and improvement of science-based technologies of processing and analysis of cleaning methods, decontamination and desalination of water, based on the pulse and vortex electric, electromagnetic, magnetic, gravitational and twisting vortex field device management systems, unified spatial electromagnetic field.
This dissertation research to some extent is to complete the task given to the Cabinet of Ministers "Improvement of water supply control systems», №320 of 21 July 2003 "On the economical use of water resources», №183 from April 14, 2004.
The purpose of the study is to provide a unified management systems spatial electromagnetic field for cleaning, disinfection, desalination of sewage and drinking water.
Conclusion
Summarizing the results of carried out researches the comprehensive studies of the SSDF were conducted for the first time in the dissertation. Industrial, experimental and theoretical studies allowed to determine a stable work of SSDF by using modem electronic control devices which provide a stable work in its operating range.
The main scientific results, conclusions and recommendations of the work arc the following:
1. There was determined that study of issues of the comparative analysis of electromagnetic pulse power systems and power control systems of electromagnetic devices of a single spatial field showed that the device of final control element, based on pulse electromagnetic field and vortex electric field using much more fully meets the requirements.
2. There was developed a control system with thyristor inverter of frequency for the plant of purification and disinfection of water by the pulsed electromagnetic field, providing consistency of shape and amplitude of the oscillation energy in the executive solenoid of exciting winding.
3. There were studied devices of final control element’s control system with using of Elcktronics Workbench software and tool program C ++ Builder. The modeled data gave the possibility to clarify and visually examine processes taking place in device and improve the control system scheme.
4. There was stated from a current-voltage characteristic of the single surface field’s device control that starting from 60 A to 300 A the section of a currentvoltage characteristic (linear section) is the voltage stabilizer and most suitable for SSFD work. The voltage in the SSFD on this section does not depend on the applied current, and depends only on the design features of the inductance coils of final control element’s exciting windings and copper rod of SSFD. For the stable operation of SSFD there was determined a control voltage providing the stable work of SSFD in the current working range.
5. There was proposed the calculation method for the linear magnetic system, determined the electromagnetic force field winding of the final control element at serial and parallel connection. A feature of this method is that the ratios between the flux linkages and currents for such a system are written in the form of linear equations containing inductance and mutual inductance of exciting windings of the final control element.
6. There was found that minimizing condition of relative losses in the copper of the field winding taking into account its characteristics can be provided only with a definite form of voltage impulse at its clamps. In the electromagnetic system with non-zero internal resistance of the circuit and the final value of inductance can be obtained the minimum value of the relative energy losses in the copper of exciting winding if pulses of the square of the current and inductance derivative to carry out with respect to time at similar form.
7. There were shown the dynamic properties and sustainability issues, as well as the reserves of stability and transients for SSEF real control systems were identified to ensure the normal operation of the device. Experimental studies of SSEF control system showed that newly developed system meets all the requirements of the control systems of such devices in the dynamic conditions of their work.
8. There were developed the algorithms for calculating the reliability of SSEF control systems that allow us to determine the quantitative characteristics of reliability in operation.
9.The industrial model has passed tests at sewage treatment plants of Salar WWTP "Suvsoz." The use of industrial model has reduced the collie-index almost to 99%.
10. The developed device management systems SSEF on key technical indicators and parameters is significantly superior.
When using the device management systems common spatial electromagnetic field reliability exceeds 1,30 times the prototype, the efficiency of 20% water disinfection performance and service life is increased twice.
The economic effect of the introduction of the device management system is EPEP 67 million, sum per year.
Thus, on the basis of theoretical generalization and implementation set out in the new research positions, solved a big problem of developing a unified device management systems spatial electromagnetic field which is of great economic importance.

Мавзунинг долзарблиги. Узбекистан мустақил бўлгач, жадал ривожланиш, давлат ва ижтимоий ҳаётининг барча сохаларини тубдан ўзгартириш, бозор муносабатига ўзига хос йўл танлаб, босқичма-босқич ўтиш тамойилини тутди.
Халқ хўжалигининг барча тармоқлари фаолияти янги босқичига ўтишни ўзаро манфаатдорлик, ташқи иқтисодий алоқалар асосида кўрмокда. Хорижий мамлакатлар билан иктисодий ва сиёсий алокаларнинг жадал ривожланаётган шу даврида республика автотранспорт сохаси тараққиёти мухим ахамиятга эта.
Давлатимиз рахбарияти ва президентимиз автомобилсозликни ривожлантириш ва транспортдан самарали фойдаланиш масалаларига катта эътибор бермокдалар.
Шу мақсадда Республикамизда бир катор автомобил компаниялари барпо қилиниб, уларнинг ишга туширилиши Узбекистан халқининг мухим ютукларидан биридир. Андижоннинг Асака шаҳрида "УзДЭУ авто Со" компаниясида сигил автомобилларнинг ишлаб чиқарила бошлаши Узбекистан аҳолисининг транспорт мустақиллигига эришишига олиб келибгина колмай, Республикамизни автомобил ишлаб чикарувчи стакчи давлатлар билан бир қаторда туришига имкон яратади. Албатта, бундай холат, бир томондан аҳолининг моддий, маданий бойлигини оширади, унинг транспорт воситаси хизматига бўлган талабини кондириб, турмуш фаолиятида бир катор кулайликлар яратса, иккинчи томондан снгил автомобилларга техник хизмат кўрсатиш (ТҲК), таъмирлашлар, ёнилғи- мойлаш махсулотлари, эҳтиёт қисмлари ва бошқалар билан таъминлаш каби бўлган ишларга эхтиёж орттиради.
ТҲК ва таъмирлаш ишларини бажариш учун автомобил эксплуатацияси давридаги умумий харажатлар ичида асосий кисмини, яъни 90 % га якинини ташкил этади. Мсхнат сарфини олиб ҳарасак, автомобилнинг хизмат даврида ТҲК ва таъмирлаш ишлари учун кстган меҳнат сарфи 96,5... 98,5 % ташкил этади.
Демак, автомобилларни самарали ишлатиш учун автомобилларни мунтазам равишда ташхислаш ва ўз вактида носозликларни бошланишидаёк бартараф этиш ксрак бўлади. Ватанимизда ишлаб чиқарилаётган автомобилларимиз жахон бозорида ўз ўрнига эга бўлиши учун уларнинг конструкцией ва эксплуатацион ишончлилиги халқаро стандартларга тўла жавоб берадиган даражада бўлиши зарур.
Республикамиз худуди ўзига хос иқлим ва йўл шароитларига эга бўлганлиги сабабли, автомобилларнинг эксплуатацией ишончлилиги мўтадил иқлим ва йўл шароитига нисбатан бир капча пасаяди, чунки Ватанимиз худуди қуруқ иқлим шароити, то\ли зоналари, чўл зоналаридан иборат бўлганлиги, хаво босими ва хароратининг ксскин ўзгариши ва энг асосийси хаво таркибида чанг миқдорининг кўплигидир. Чанг таркибидаги абразив зарралар автомобил деталлари ейилишини жадаллаштиради ва бунинг оқибатида уларнинг эксплуатацион ишончлилиги пасаяди. Шунингдек, абразив зарралар сую клик ва хаво билан бирга ишчи органлар ичига тушиб, уни ишдан чиқишини тезлаштиради. Шундай килиб Республикамиз иқлим ва йўл шароитида “Тико”, “Дамас” ва “Матиз” автомобилларининг эксплуатацион ишончлилигини таъминлаш учун махсус тадқиқот ишларини амалга оширишни такозо этади.
Рсспубликамизда автомобиллар ишончлилигини тадқикотлаш ишлари талаб даражасида эмас, чунки автомобил ишлаб чикариш мустақиллик даврига тў\ри келиб, энди ривожланмоқда. Рсспубликамизда бир қатор олимлар бу йўналишда илмий-тадқиқот ишлари олиб боришган ва олиб бормокдалар. Булардан: академик О.В.Лебедсв, профессор С.М.Қодиров, К.Х.Махкамов, доцент Я.П.Назаркулов, аспирант Б.Қаюмов, магистрант О.Эргашев ва бошқаларни кўрсатиб ўтиш мумкин. Бу сохадаги мавжуд илмий изланишлар натижалари замонавий автомобиллар, жумладан, “Тико”, “Дамас” ва “Матиз” автомобиллари эксплуатацион ишончлилигини бахолашда етарли имкон беради. Лскин ушбу автомобиллар ИЁДларини ташхислаш бўйича етарли маълумотлар камлик қилади, шунингш учун бу борада илмий-тадқиқот ишларини тезлаштириш зарур.
Тадқиқотнинг максади ва вазифалари. Ушбу илмий тадқиқот ишларини бажаришдан максад, Узбекистан Республикасининг иқлим ва йўл  шароитларини хисобга олган холда, “Тико”, “Дамас” ва “Матиз” автомобилларининг ИЁДларини ташхислаш бўйича маълумотлар тўплаш ва унга таъсир этувчи етакчи омилларни аниқлаш асосида илмий ва амалий тавсиялар ишлаб чиқишдир. Бу изланиш ва тавсияларнинг умумий мазмуни ва йўналиши қуйидагилардан иборат бўлади:
1. Узбекистоннинг турли иқлим ва йул шароитларида “Тико”, “Дамас” ва “Матиз” автомобиллари ИЁДларининг ишдан чикиши ва унинг сабабларини аниқлаш.
2. “Тико”, “Дамас” ва “Матиз” автомобилларининг ИЁДларини ташхислаш йўллларини аниклаш.
3. “Тико”, “Дамас” ва “Матиз” автомобилларининг ИЁДларини ташхислаш эвазига автомобилларнинг ёнил\и тсжамкорлигини ошириш.
Тадқиқотнинг илмий янгилиги. Изланиш ва тажрибалар шуни кўрсатдики, шу пайтгача автомобил ИЁДлари бирор носозликка учраб, улар тўхтаб қолганда, ишлаганда ҳам ночор ишлаганда, ёки улардан бирор бир ўзгача шовқин эшитилгандагина уларга ташхис қўйилар эди. Дархақиқат, уларни носозликка учрашининг бошланғич босқичларида ташхислаб ўтирилмас эди, балки навбатдаги ТҲКда рсжалаштирилган ишларни бажариш билан кифояланар эди. ТҲКларда эса ташхислаш рсжалаштирилмаган эди. Мазкур магистрлик дисссртациясининг илмий янгилиги- автомобил ИЁДлари ишлатилаётган, ёки уларга навбатдаги ТҲК пайтларида келгусида авж олиши кутилаётган носозликларни бошлангич боскичларидаёк аниқлаб бсришга мўлжалланган замонавий электрон ташхислаш воситасининг конструкциясини яратилиши ва унинг ёрдамида ИЁДда содир бўлаётган кимёвий ва иссиқлик жараёнларининг миқдорий катталикларини аниқлаш имкониятини мужассам этишдир.
Диссертация ишининг илмий янгилиги қуйидаги натижаларда акс этади:
Ҳозирги мавжуд ташхислаш воситалари замонавий автомобиллар учун тўғри келмайди, бунинг сабаби- улар асосан ИЁД бирор носозликка учрагандан сўнг уни аниклаш учун қўлланилади. Мазкур магистрлик дисссртациясининг вазифаси- ИЁДларини ишлатиш мобайнида ишончлилигини тадқиқотлаш, таҳлил этиш ва бошкариш учун ташхислашнинг янги самарали усул ва техник воситаларини топишдир.
ИЁДларининг ишончлилик кўрсаткичларини, иш жараёнида носозликка учрашини физик ва тасодифий хусусиятларини ташхислаш эвазига уларнинг кўрсаткичларини дунё ва Европа андозаларига етказиш Узбекистан автомобилсоз олимларнинг асосий мақсадидир.
Мазкур магистрлик дисссртацияси хам шу асосий мақсадни рўёбга чикаришга бир оз бўлсада ҳисса қўшишга бағишланган бўлиб, бунда бажариладиган ишларнинг асосий мақсади ва вазифалари қуйдагилардан иборатдир:
Енгил автомобиллар ИЁДларига ТҲК ва уларни таъмирлаш даврийрилигини оширишда ташхислаш усул ва воситаларининг ахамиятини
аниқлаш.
Носозликка учраган ИЁДини ташхислаш воситалари ва усулларини тахлил қилиш.
Ишлатилаётган ИЁДини ташхислаш воситалари ва усулларини тахлил қилиш.
Замонавий сигил автомобиллар ИЁДлари учун янги ташхислаш воситалари ва усулларини топиш.
Мавжуд ва янги ташхислаш воситалари ва усулларини ўзаро тақкослаш.
«Узавтотсххизмат» х/ж учун янги ташхислаш воситалари ва усуллари бўйича тавсиялар ишлаб чиқиш.

Subjects of research: the subjects of this study are waves in porous media with complex reology, the mathematical modeling of dynamic processes of propagation of one-dimensional SH-waves, and also the investigation of the obtained in this study direct and inverse problems.
Purpose of research: the purpose of the thesis are the mathematical modeling of dynamic processes of propagation of SH-waves in which mathematical models are constructed, studying the nature of solution, existence and uniqueness of the solution to obtained in this study direct and inverse problems, the development of numerical methods for solving the problems and programm.
Methods of research: we use mathematical modeling methods, the method of characteristics for hyperbolic systems, the method of integral equations, finite difference methods, the conjugate gradient method, and programming technology.
Results obtained and their novelty: the following results are new:
- derived mathematical model of SH-wave propagation in elastic-porous media;
- constructed singular solutions of SH-wave propagation in elastic-porous media;
- a system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations of the second kind for the dynamic inverse problems for SH-waves in elastic-porous media;
- uniqueness theorem and a "in small" existence of a solution of inverse problems considered, as well as the continuous dependence of solutions to inverse dynamic problems on input data;
- developed numerical method and created program for the numerical solution to the direct and inverse problems for SH-wave propagation in the elastic-porous media.
Practical significance: the results can be used in a broad class of studies of various natural and technological processes.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results may form the basis of special courses on the subject of mathematical modeling for senior undergraduate and graduate students.
Field of application: the results can be used in seismology and in the development of oil and gas deposits.

Objects of research: The cottonseed oil miscelle and free fatty acids, separation process and equipment of free fatty acids during the distillation of cottonseed miscelle.
The purpose of work: The improvement on scientific base of separation process of the free fatty acids from composition of the cottonseed miscelle in final step of distillation process and development the offer for the equipment which will be carried out the above mentioned process.
Methods of research: The scientific research, system analysis, mathematical and computer modeling, determination parameters required for modeling, undertaking experiment and measurement physico-chemical parameters of the process.
The received results and their novelty: Mathematical model of final distillation of the cotton-seed oil miscelle and separation process of free fatty acids from it on rotor disc sprayer and plate apparatus; the use of new methods for expressing the equilibrium conditions the flying components in the countercurrent liquid gas flow; design, calculation and optimized mathematical model of the distillation in opposing flow of the liquid and gas for count created hydrodynamics of the flow structure for count two types design (directing and centrifugal-spraying) of the plates; the achievement in the high mass transfer coefficient because of realization of the process on rotor disc sprayer equipment; the optimum design of the industrial installation of rotor-disc sprayer apparatus for separation easy flying components.
The practical value: Creation new intensive resource and energy saving high efficient design device required for fats and oil industry instead of road, not giving expected result, requiring much resources and energy, having greater overall dimentions of device.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: Half industry test of the scientific work is organized in Fat s and Oil plant inTashkent. The Expected cost-performance from introduction offered industrial installation forms 112,7 mln. Sum per year.
Field of application: Fats and oil industry.

Subjects of the inquiry: The Universal sewing machine of the shuttle stitch with recommended mechanism of the needle.
Aim of the inquiry: The Purpose of the work is a development and motivation parameter to new design, mechanism of the needle of the sewing machine with springy relationship, providing increase speed state of working with simultaneous reduction of the working expenses.
Method of inquiry: The Dynamic analysis happened to with use the known methods of the decision of the differential equations, as well as the general methods to theories mechanism technological machines, theories of the fluctuations of the complex systems. The Experimental studies on determination of the reactions in acting joint of the mechanism were conducted by method tensor. The Experimental studies on optimization main parameter new mechanism were conducted by method of the mathematical planning.
The results achieved and their novelty: On base of the analysis existing design is designed new design of the mechanism of the needle of the sewing machine with springy relationship arc received equations of the moving the mechanism with springy element at kinematics closing between leading and knowledge by parts of the mechanism; is solved problem speakers mechanism of the needle with springy relationship at account dynamic and mechanical feature of the engine, inertia, springy-dissident parameter mechanism, as well as power of the resistance sutured material by sewing machine; an experimental certain parameters and nature power laden mechanism with springy element and without it; also determined rational state of working sewing machine when use the springy drive to energy.
Practical value recommended design of the mechanism of the needle of the sewing machine, allows increasing to capacity under qualitative technology suture material. It is Recommended broadly use in sewing production.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The Designed design of the mechanism of the needle with recommended parameter was practised Bukhara "B.NAKSHBANDIY" and JV "Paykenttekstil" in Karakul. The Economic effect from use the sewing machine with recommended mechanism of the needle has formed 12176 sum on one sewing machine per annum.
Sphere of usage: On outwerkig construction got results, recommendations can be used in SRI and CB when designing and modernizations of the machines.

Subjects of research: rectification processes in an exhaustive string.
Purpose of work: increase of efficiency of process of rectification нефтегазоконденсатной mixes in an exhaustive column by replacement перегретого the water steam applied as the heat-carrier (the steaming agent), on steams heavy faction.
Methods of research: at determination physical and chemical and thermal properties of hydrocarbon raw standard methods of application are used, and at learning of its fractional composition - vehicle. Measurings of temperature, stress, raw and heat carrier discharge rates and other indexes are held by traditional methods. Treating of results of studies is held with use of methods of similarity theory and modelling.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time the dodge of an intensification of a mass-transfer is substantiated at rectification of a petrogas condensate mixture for the account of decrease of thickness of boundary films between contacted by phases at use of hydrocarbon steams of in the capacity of steaming agent instead of overheated steam; possibility of an intensification of process of heat change between the steaming agent and a distilled mixture by comparison of coefficients of a convective heat exchange vapour-phase with application of methane, ethane, propane and butane in relation to analogue - water steam is demonstrated; the effective method of rectification of a petrogas condensate mixture in an exhaustive string with application of steams of a high-gravity naphtha in the capacity of the alternative steaming agent allowing is tendered to augment culling of propellant distillates from raw.
Practical value: the elaborated optimum flow diagramme of heat input of steams of a high-gravity naphtha in a bottom part of an industrial fractionation tower allows to increase culling of light distillate fractions from composition of boiler oil on the average on 2,7 % and to diminish the discharge rate of steaming heat carrier on 11,7 %.
Degree of embed and economic effictivity: the technological operating instruction on application of steams of a high-gravity naphtha in exhausting a fractionation tower part is prepared. The elaborated recommendations, on the basis of solution it is production - operating personnel Bukhara petroleum refinery from October, 10th, 2011, are taken over to adapting jointly with specialists of factory to working conditions with the further implementation in production. Expectational annual economic benefit for the account application of a new method of pyrogenic distillation of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures in an exhaustive string Bukhara petroleum refinery compounds 1,3 mlrd. soums per year.
Field of application: the petroleum-refining industry.

Subjects of research: The job has theoretical Character. Here is considered (examined) mathematical models linear and nonlinear large-scale system, izodrom of a regulator and longitudinal movement plane.
Purpose of work: development of criteria of stability (asyptotic stability) and instability a condition of balance of linear and nonlinear large-scale systems. The application of the received results to tasks of stability izodrom of a regulator and longitudinal movement of the plane
Method of research: Direct method Lyapunovs, method a matrix Function Lyapunovs and some methods of the theoretical mechanics, theory of stability of movement.
The results achieved and their novelty: the scientific novelty of the received results of the dissertation consists in the following: the new concept generalized transpontions of matrixes is entered and is investigated of their properties; the analysis of structure linear large - scale systems is given: the sufficient conditions of stability a condition of balance linear large - scale systems are received; the sufficient conditions a condition of balance nonlinear large - scale systems arc established; is received sufficient conditions of stability of nonlinear adjustable systems; the new sufficient conditions of stability izodrom of a regulator and longitudinal movement of the plane arc found.
Practical value: practical applicability received results is proved by research asymptotic stability izodrom of a regulator and longitudinal movement of the plane, and also by analysis of a numbcr(line) of modelling examples.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: techniques and the received results can be introduced for the decisions of a task stability of a wide class of mechanical systems. The job carries theoretical character the received results of the dissertation allow more deeply to investigate stability of mechanical systems simulated by large-scale systems.
Sphere of usage: the basic results of the dissertation have theoretical character. Them it is possible will apply to research of stability of various mechanical systems. It is proved by research asymptotic stability izodrom of a regulator and longitudinal movement of the plane, and also by analysis of a number (line) of modelling examples.

Research objects: cutting elements of excavating parts of earth-moving machines and open cut excavators;
The the work purpose: creating scientific principles of the wear theory of cutting elements and design constructor-technological determines on their base, which increase longevity of excavating parts of earth-moving machines.
Research methods: Were used biomechanical and mathematical modeling of wear-out process of cutting elements, their interactions with earth, were applied methods of the numerical analysis, scientific points of theories of friction and wear-out, prediction and statistical обработка got results. The experimental studies were conducted on stand and in natural condition with using the modem metrological equipment on standard methods and with using method of the planning the experiment.
The got results and their novelty: there were designed discrete phase dynamic model of earth cutting, which formalizes the process of chip forming, developments overtaking rifts and wear. Also there were offered method of determining optimal construction of cutting elements based on realization of biomechanical principles.
Practical value: Using the offered methods, algoritms and models can allow design and prediction of influence constructor-technological desicions to wear resistance of cutting elements during the project process. Based on biomechanical research it was designed optimal engineerings of cutting elements with increased wear resistance and produtivity. Were given rccomcndations on choosing wear resistant fillers.
The Degree of the introduction and cost-performance: Designed recommendations on increasing of longevity cutting organ землеройных of the machines arc introduced in концерне "Avtoyul", Navoiyskom is blazcd-mctallurgical combine (NGMK), trust "Tashgordorstroyrcmont", АООТ "Kurdish mechanization", "UZNIIPROCVETMET", JC "Specsplav", as well as in scholastic process. Expected economic effect from introduction result work in public facilities of the Republic Uzbekistan will form over 5,28 млрд bags (on condition on 2003).
The Application: road construction, agricultural, mining, machine building and scientific-research works.

Subjects of inquiry: Algebra of measurable operators, non commutative Arens algebras, local derivations.
Aim of the inquire: Description of local derivations on algebras of measurable operators.
Methods of the inquire: In the work general methods of functional analysis, of theory operator algebras are used.
The results achieved and their novelty: a description of local derivations on the non commutative Arens algebras associated with von Neumann algebra and faithful normal semi-finite trace is obtained; it is proved that every tT-continuous linear operator Д on the algebra 5(Л/,т) satisfying the identity A(p) = A(p)/? + /?A(p) is a derivation, where AY be a von Neumann algebra with a faithful normal semi-finite trace r; it is proved that every linear operator D: 4(X) —> B(X) satisfying the identity Z)(x") = У^хА 'D(x)x"~*, хбЛ(Т) *=i
is a spatial derivation, where n > 3 - some fix number; necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of local derivations which are not derivations on algebras S(M) and S(M,r) affiliated with a commutative von Neumann algebra are obtained; a description of local derivations of the algebras LS(M), S(M) and S(M,r) concerning type I von Neumann algebras without abelian direct summands is obtained.
Practical value: The results of the dissertation have a theoretical character.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The results, presented in the work can be used in special courses on functional analysis and theory of operator algebras for masters and post-graduate students.
Field of application: Functional analysis, theory of operator algebras, mathematical physics and its applications.

Subject of research: productive strength of the region, satisfaction of the needs of consumers in transporting, capability of existing motor and railway transportations in satisfaction of needs, and their optimal development in future.
Purpose of work: development of methods assimilation of goods traffic at best usage of transportation means of automobile and railway transport, transport network and also their development in view of perspective growth of goods traffic with the subsequent approbation of offered methods by decision of a concrete task on an example of considered region.
Methods of research: in the thesis there widely used mathematical modeling and net programming methods of solving the tasks of optimal development of automobile and railway transport, and distribution of goods traffic in ground transport net of the region.
The results obtained and their novelty: development of model of optimum use and development of transportation means, transport networks and distribution of goods traffic with their subsequent approbation on the example of considered region, and multinctwork of ground transport of region.
Practical value: results of researches in the dissertation consists in a substantiation of optimum development of a transport network both transportation means of automobile and railway transport, methodical and practical recommendations for step by step decision of the given task.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: the main results of the research were introduced to the automobile enterprises, regional organization of automobile roads exploitation “Surkhandarya auto road”, and during the educational process at Tashkent Automobile and Road Institute (TARI), Termez State University, and in scientific research works of students of these universities on specialty “Exploitation and repairing means of transport”. The economic effectiveness of introducing the results of the research at the automobile enterprises of region and “Surxandaryoautoroad” composed 10550 and 8200 thousand sums.
Field of application: automobile, railway transport and on the auto roads of common usage.

Subjects of the inquiry: the specifications of automobiles technical operation, working in real conditions of operation, in particular, periodicity and labour input, maintenance service and repair (MS and R).
Aim of the inquiry: increase of efficiency of technical operation of automobiles at the expense of a correcting of the specifications in view of conditions of operation and perfection of management by them at planning both realization of maintenance service and repair.
Methods of inquiry: the theoretical preconditions arc based on laws of formation of automobiles MS and R system, methods of the system analysis, the experimental researches were spent with use of methods of operation and mathematical statistics at processing results.
The results achieved and their novelty: the technique of technological account of the industrial program is advanced till MS and R АТС, the universal mathematical model of account of specific meanings (importance) ТЕР АТС is developed, a technique of an establishment of periodicity maintenance service (MS) for the first time is developed in view of run of the period and from a beginning of operation of automobiles, the mode, and FROM lorry convoys MAZ-642208 and Ford Cargo-1827 is developed.
Practical value: the technique of technological account of the industrial program is advanced till MS and R TEP, the technique of planning of statement is developed on MS of automobiles in view of run of service spent in the period of automobiles the standard of the enterprise on modes MS of lorry convoys MAZ-642208 and Ford Cargo-1827 and is developed in view of conditions of operation.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: the mode MS is introduced in АТС "Autonefttrans", advanced the method is used at reconstruction of auto base №3 АТС AGMK and UP Uychi AC "Uzncftmaxsulot" and is introduced into educational process by preparation of the bachelors and masters.
Sphere of usage: Autotransport

Subjects of the inquiry: Central Kyzylkum phosphorites, phosphogypsum, nitric, phosphoric and sulfuric acid, carboammonium salts, acid and ammoniated pulps, water-salt systems, washing waters.
Aim of the inquiry: Creation of physics-chemical and technological bases of various kinds of Central Kyzylkum phosphorites, phosphochalk and phosphogypsum processing to efficient simple and complex fertilizers.
Method of inquiry: chemical, X-ray and IR-spectroscopical methods of analysis, an isothermal and polythermal method of solubility studying.
The results achieved and their novelty: for the first time the new data on solubility, interaction and phase changes in threefold and the multicomponent systems made of calcium phosphates, inorganic acids, calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate are obtained, kinetic laws of running chemical reactions are investigated and on this basis various kinds of simple and complex fertilizers with high technical and economic and agrochemical indexs are synthesized.
Practical value: on the basis of various kinds of Central Kyzylkum phosphorites flexible wasteless productions technologies of high performance simple and complex fertilizers were created. The technology of phosphogypsum from Central Kyzylkum phosphorites processing to ammonium sulphate and phosphochalk was developed.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: the technology on production nitrocalciumphosphate fertilizers from Central Kyzylkum phosphorites is ran into production on “Samarkhandkimyo” Open Stock Society, were produced more than 90 thousand t of fertilizers. On Open Stock Society "Ammophos" trial installation for conversion of 10 thousands tonns/year of phosphogypsum processing to ammonium sulphate and phosphochalk is mounted and approved. The developed fertilizers have shown higher agrochemical efficiency in comparison with ammophos and simple superphosphate. Technico-economical calculations shows decreasing of fertilizers price for about 15-40 %.
Sphere of usage: production of mineral fertilizers and an agriculture.

Subjects of research: the acetylene, acetaldegyd, KOH, DMSO, butyn-3-ol-2, heksyn-3-diol-2,5 and their vinyl ethers, as well as their laboratory and production installing of their synthesis.
Aim of the inquiry: synthesis of acetylene alcohols on the base of local rawmaterials. Studying the vinilytion reaction of some saturated and synthesized acetylene alcohols. Improvement of the technology of obtain of butyn-3-ol-2 and hcxin-3-diol-2,5. Determination of optimal conditions for caring out of this process. Methods of research: gas-liquid chromatography, quantum-chemical method RMZ, PMR- and IR- spectrometry, clement analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: the vinilytion of butyn-3-ol-2 and hexyn-3-diol-2,5 by acetylene in the presence KOH-DMCO at the atmosphere pressure was studied. Improvement technological scheme of butyn-3-ol- 2 and it's vynilated ether synthesis was elaborated. The description of technological process and scheme of synthesis of some new compounds were given. The quantum-chemical and molecular dynamic calculations of some acetylene alcohols and diols were carried out. Mathematic modeling of their vinilytion also was carried out.
Practical volue: vinylated derivatives of alcohols were synthesized by homogenieal catalytical vinilytion by acetylene at atmosphere pressure. The technological reglamcnt of synthesis of vinyl esters butyn-3-ol-2, hcxyn-3-diol-2,5 and their vinyl ethers was developed.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: in ОАО "Navoiazot" installing bor syntheses butyn-3-ol-2, gcksin-3-diol-2,5 and their vinyl ethers was contested and arc also the technological reglamcnt was elaborated. Some synthesized componndics were recommended bor using as defoliants and grow-regulating preparates. The elaborated methods of synthesis of acetylene alcohols and their vinylation arc used at reading of the course “Technology of organic synthesis”
Field of application: chemical industry, agriculture, the educational process in some Institutes of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Subject of inquiry: process of the evaporation crystallizing solution.
Aim of the inquiry: Study of hydrodynamics and external heat exchange in dispersible ambience, creation high performance machinery for evaporation crystallizing solutions in fluidized layer and development of the methods of the calculation evaporating device with weighted layer the hard particles.
Method of inquiry: experimental studies of hydrodynamics, external heat exchange and scale in evaporation device and check result on industrial device.
The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time organized complex studies of hydrodynamics, external heat exchange and scaling in fluidized layer of the granivorous stuff in fine-bored tube. Industrial experimental and theoretical researches have allowed installing the regularities heat hydrodynamic processes in evaporating device depending on operation condition, expense parameter, geometric characteristics and physical feature of the particles of the granivorous stuff and getting the generalizing dependencies, embracing range regime parameter of functioning evaporating device in practice.
Practical value: Offered method of increasing efficiency of the evaporation crystallizing solutions, allowing increase inter - flushing path of functioning device, improve quality of manufacturing product and reduce power consumption and purification equipment, which do not demand considerable expenditures.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Materials of thesis are utilized in Joint Stock Company "Navoiazot" for update quadruple-effect evaporator, with expected economic benefit 209 mln. bag; implanted in Joint venture - closed joint-stock company "Electrohimzavod" for increasing of efficiency of functioning evaporating kettle for evaporation of solution of the cookery salt, which allowed increase inter-industry path of equipment; implantation of got results in OJSC "PIRIT-M" in Moscow, allow increase machine capacity by heat exchange intensification and gain economic benefit at a rate of 4,2 mln. rubles in a year; results of work implanted in JSC Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals (Russia) for increase productivity, decrease air pollution and reduction of silver loss and got annual economic effect at a rate of 7 mln. rubles in a year (in prices 2008).
Sphere of usage: Chemical and food industry, metallurgy.

Subjects of research: reception processes high solid sewage and petrocontaining slurry a railway transportation, and also sealing greasing on their basis.
Purpose of the work: working out of complex technology of reusing of petrocontaining slurry , the received at the railway transport enterprises.
Methods of the research: chemical, physical-chemical and spectral Methods of research of mineral oil, and also mathematical methods of processing of experimental data on the COMPUTER.
The results obtained and their novelty: For the first time with use of modern methods of research are established structure and properties high solid sewage of the enterprises of a railway transportation, are picked up effective local adsorbate for clearing petrocontaining slurry and solvents for exstraction of oil components. The choice of adsorbate is theoretically proved, is defined its capacity on oil components and possibility of using in multicyclic process of adsorptiondesorption Technologies of allocation oil products from petrocontaining slurry and receptions of sealing greasing for carving articles where oil hroduct plays a role of a knitting component are developed.
Practical value: It is made standard - technical documentation of reusing of high solid sewage of railway transportation enterprises.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Tests on reception of sealing greasing industrially were made in Alti-Ariq experimental enterprise of Fergana PRE with a positive effect are conducted. Expected economic benefit from the introductions will make 29,0 million sums a year.
Field of application: enterprises SRJSC “O’zbekiston temir yo’llari” and Curriculums of high schools of a petrochemical and railway transportation profiles.