№ 2 (2025) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

Ushbu maqolada “diskurs” atamasini o'rganishga zamonaviy yondashuvlarni tahlil qilish nafaqat nutqning lingvistik, kognitiv va kommunikativ jihatlarini, balki ularning global birligi, o'zaro bog'liqligi va o'zaro bog'liqligida ijtimoiy va madaniy jihatlarni o'rganish maqsadga muvofiqligini ko'rsatilgan, shuningdek, dunyo olimlari diskurs atamasiga integral yondashuvni tashkil etuvchi birliklarni o'rganishga imkon berilishi xaqida ta`kidlab o’tgan fikrlari bayon qilingan. Matn va diskurs muloqotning turli jihatlari, "nutq aloqasining alohida harakati, uning davomida matn ijtimoiy – madaniy kontekstda vujudga kelishi aytib o’tilgan.

This article discusses the study of the methods of word formation in English and Uzbek, and especially the method of abbreviation. Also, research is conducted on the difficulties and differences encountered in the use of this abbreviation method in English and Uzbek languages. In this article, the importance level of words created using the abbreviation method in various aspects of social field is explained, along with the important characteristics of expressing the language more clearly in that field. Furthermore, the article discusses the importance level of abbreviation in the current language as a method of expressing widely used languages, as well as aspects that set it apart from other methods of expression in oral communication.

“Alpomish” dostoni o‘zbek xalqining ming yillardan buyon kuylanib keluvchi doston bo‘lib, unda xalqning azaliy orzu-niyatlari, turmush tarsi, milliy qadriyat va an’analari aks etgan. Ayniqsa, dostonda xalqimizning asrlik urf-odat va marosimlarining ko‘plab namunalarini uchratamiz. Bu o‘z navbatida dostonning qanchalik xalqona va turmush tarzini ochiq-oydin tasvirlangani deb bilsak, ikkinchi tomondan o‘zbek xalq marosimlarini o‘rganishda foydalana oladigan manbalardan biri bo‘la olishi shubhasizdir.

Ushbu maqolada yozuv va tilning zamonaviy o‘zgarishlari, yangi so‘zlar va atamalarning paydo bo‘lishi hamda ularning jamiyat hayotiga bo‘lgan taʼsiri bo‘yicha fikr yuritiladi. Darhaqiqat, globallashuv, texnologik rivojlanish va madaniy o‘zgarishlar tilning lug‘at boyligi va yozuv tizimlariga sezilarli darajada taʼsir ko‘rsatmoqda. Yangi tushunchalar va jarayonlarni ifodalash uchun so‘z yasashlik, o‘zlashtirish va qisqartmalardan foydalanish keng qo‘llaniladi. Maqolada ushbu jarayonlarni tilshunoslik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilib, tilning boyitilishi va uni global tendensiyalar bilan uyg‘unlashtirish masalalariga ham urg‘u beriladi.

Ushbu maqolada Hindiston adabiyotida Vedalarning yakuni hisoblanadigan Vedantaning o’rni va bugungi kundagi ahamiyati haqida so’z yuritiladi.

Mazkur maqolada Jarqo‘rgʻon minorasining tarixiymadaniy obyekt sifatidagi turistik imkoniyatlari ochib berilgan.

This thesis investigates the challenges associated with overdue receivables and payables, highlighting their impact on organizational financial health. By integrating theoretical and practical approaches, it provides strategies for effective management and introduces an audit framework that leverages modern digital technologies. The research aims to bridge the gap between traditional financial practices and contemporary technological advancements, offering actionable insights for financial professionals and auditors.

Zulfiya Isroilova o‘z she’rlari orqali nafaqat o‘zbek she’riyatining yorqin vakili, balki sadoqat va muhabbatning ramzi sifatida tanilgan buyuk shoiradir. Ushbu maqolada, Zulfiya Isroilovaning turmush o‘rtog‘i Hamid Olimjon va farzandlariga bo‘lgan chuqur muhabbati va sadoqati ta’riflanadi. Maqolada Zulfiya Isroilovaning sadoqatni faqat so‘zlar bilan emas, balki butun hayoti bilan namoyish etgani va uning she’riyatidagi muhabbat, fidoyilik va sadoqatning abadiy iz qoldirgani haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Shoiraning asarlari nafaqat o‘zbek, balki jahon adabiyotida ham sadoqatning haqiqiy ramzi sifatida qadrlanadi.

This article analyzes the development of tourism infrastructure in Samarkand and Jizzakh regions, comparing them and exploring improvement directions based on international innovative marketing practices. The research identifies the existing potential and challenges of these regions and proposes innovative solutions based on leading foreign experiences.

Mazkur maqolada hayvon nomi bilan bog`liq holda ishlatiladigan frazeologik birliklarning leksik ma’nolari keltirib o‘tilgan. Iboralarning qo`llanilish uslubiga ko`ra salbiylik va ijobiylik turlariga ajaratiladi. So‘z birikmasi vaiboralarning farqli jihatlari yoritilib beriladi.

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of pedagogical views, educational and upbringing issues in the works of Sadriddin Aini.

It is impossible to separate style from the general creative essence of the author and blindly turn it into a linguistic characteristic of the work. Image and style are closely interconnected. The interdependence and mutual dependence of image and style is based on the writer's artistic reflection of reality.

In the article, the formation of metamorphoses separated from the shell of mythology and formed independently as an artistic tool - a motif of evolution is studied on the example of the works of mature writers. In world masterpieces, it is observed that metamorphoses move from primitive thinking to artistic thinking as a motive, meet updates from the point of view of theme and idea, especially come closer to social life and acquire symbolic and metaphorical significance, adapting to modern literature. In addition, the importance of the evolution motive in expressing the socio-philosophical concept of the creator is discussed.

Currently, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes premature abortions and infertility in women all over the world. Most of the CMV risk group are children aged 5-6 years and adults aged 15-30 years, as well as women of childbearing age. Particularly dangerous is the infection with this virus in the 1-3 month of pregnancy, which in many cases ends in miscarriage [1-6]. During pregnancy, 35-50% of women become infected with the virus, and in 8-10% of cases, the life of the mother and child is at risk as a result of reactivation of the infection [7-12].

Maqolada STEAM (fan, texnologiya, muhandislik, san'at va matematika) texnologiyasidan bolalarning qo'shimcha ta'limida foydalanish ko'rib chiqiladi. Uning maqsadi turli fanlarni o'zida mujassam etgan STEAM texnologiyasining asosiy tamoyillarini tavsiflash va STEAM ta'limini osonlashtirishda qo'shimcha ta'limning rolini tushuntirishdan iborat. Tadqiqot doirasida STEAM texnologiyalarini o'z ichiga olgan fanlararo ta'lim tashabbuslarining qisqacha ko'rinishi keltirilgan.

Dam olish har bir insonning tabiiy va uzviy huquqlaridan biri bo‘lib, mehnat unumdorligi, mehnatga layoqatlilik ko‘p jihatdan o‘z vaqtida dam olishga ham bog‘liq. Shu maʼnoda, O‘zbekiston Respublikasining amaldagi mehnat qonunchiligi xodimlarning dam olishi va ish qobiliyatini tiklashi uchun taʼtilning bir necha turini mustahkamlaydi. Inson huquqlariga oid fundamental xalqaro hujjat hisoblanmish Inson huquqlari umumjahon deklaratsiyasi ham bu borada shunday normalarni taʼkidlab o‘tadi: “Har bir inson dam olish va bo‘sh vaqtga ega bo‘lish, shu jumladan ish kunini oqilona cheklash huquqi va haq to‘lanadigan mehnat taʼtili olish huquqiga ega”[7]

The title serves as a crucial cognitive and conceptual device in both fiction and newspaper texts, guiding readers' interpretations and framing their understanding. This article examines the dual role of titles as cognitive markers and conceptual frameworks that encapsulate the essence of the text they precede. The study analyzes the linguistic, cultural, and contextual factors that influence the construction and interpretation of titles, emphasizing their role in shaping reader engagement. Through a comparative approach, this paper identifies similarities and differences in title usage between the two genres, exploring their impact on readers' cognitive processes and interpretative strategies.

Ushbu maqolada XX asrda O‘zbekistonda tarixshunoslikning rivojlanish bosqichlari tahlil etiladi. O‘zbekistonning mustaqil davrga qadar bo‘lgan tarixshunoslik yo‘li, sovet davrida tarixni yozish va tahlil qilish metodlari, shuningdek, mustaqillik davrida tarixshunoslik sohasida yuz bergan o‘zgarishlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola ilmiy izlanishlar va adabiyotlarni tahlil qilish orqali XX asrda o‘zbek tarixshunosligining rivojlanishini muhokama qiladi va bugungi kunda tarixshunoslik sohasida erishilgan yutuqlarni tahlil qiladi. Maqola tarixshunoslikdagi asosiy metodologik yondashuvlar va metodlarning o‘zgarishini yoritadi.

The article has entered into a scientific debate with the opinions of legal scholars who comment on the operational-search description of corrupt crimes, developing an author's definition of the operational-search descriptive concept of Corrupt Crimes.

Soya o‘simligida fenologik kuzatishlar o‘simlikning rivojlanish bosqichlarini o‘rganib, hosildorlik va agrotexnika tadbirlarini optimallashtirishda muhim ahaamiyatga ega. Ushbu kuzatishlar soya o‘sishi va rivojlanish jarayoniga iqlim, tuproq, va agrotexnik omillarning ta’sirini aniqlashga yardam beradi. Soyada fenologik kuzatuvlar o‘tkazish, o‘simlikning rivojlanish jarayonlarini tizimli ravishda o‘rganish orqali hosildorlikni oshirish va agrotexnik tadbirlarni optimallashtirishga yordam beradi. Quyida soyada fenologik kuzatishlarni qanday olib borish kerakligi haqida ma’lumotlar beriladi.

Improving the results of surgical treatment of patients with inguinal hernias by improving the tactical and technical aspects of performing prosthetic plastic surgery.

Сўнгги йилларда замонавий мода соҳасини тадқиқ этишда соҳанинг санъат, саноат, иқтисодиёт ва таълим тизимлари билан интеграцияси доирасида аҳамиятли бўлган устувор аспектларни ёритиш эътиборли ўринга эга бўлиб бормоқда. Мақолада замонавий мода тамойиллари асосида яратилаётган либос тўпламларига жамият аъзоларининг муносабатлари, уларнинг пайдо бўлиш ва ривожланиш механизмлари ҳақидаги илмий тадқиқотларнинг маданиятшунослик, социология, маданий антропология, фалсафа, мода танқидчилиги соҳалари доирасида олиб борилган тадқиқотлар ёритиб берилган.

The article covers the history of the restoration and renovation of ancient historical and architectural monuments in the Kashkadarya region. It discusses the process of preserving and updating ancient monuments located in the region, including mosques, madrasas, mausoleums and other architectural structures. The article provides detailed information on the restoration of monuments in Shahrisabz, Karshi, Termez and other cities and districts, their significance and the work carried out to preserve the historical heritage. It also analyzes the role of archaeological and architectural research in the restoration of monuments in Kashkadarya, as well as large-scale programs and activities implemented to preserve historical monuments in the region. This article aims to document efforts to update the rich cultural heritage of the region and preserve it for future generations.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of the Russian language in modern media and communications, as well as its significance in the global information space. In the context of rapid changes in communication processes, the Russian language retains its influence in the international media space, remaining an important tool for transmitting information to a wide audience. The article examines the use of the Russian language in the media (press, television, radio, Internet media, social networks), its communicative features, role in official and unofficial discourse, as well as trends in the development of media language. Particular attention is paid to the functioning of the Russian language in mass culture, political communication and commercial advertising.

This article analyzes the impact of globalization on the Turkish language and culture. It examines the impact of globalization on linguistic changes, in particular, the introduction of new words and terms, lexical and grammatical aspects. It also discusses cultural identity, changes in traditional values, and the role of popular culture in Turkish society. The increase in loanwords from English and other foreign languages ​​in Turkish, the emergence of new forms of communication among young people, and their impact on culture are studied in detail.