№ 7 (2025) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

Ushbu maqolada vabo kasalligiga qarshi ko‘rilgan qatt’iy chora-tadbirlar va buning oqibatida qo‘zg‘olonning kelib chiqishi ,tezlik bilab ushbu qo‘zg‘olonning shavqatsizlarcha bostirilganligi yoritilgan.

Оʻzbеkistоn imkоniyаti chеklаngаn sроrtchilаrning tаrаqqiyоtidа murаkkаb, аmmо bоy tаrixgа еgа. Sоvеt dаvridа mаrkаzlаshtirilgаn tizim mаvjud bоʻlsа-dа, mustаqillikdаn kеyin milliy idеntifikаtsiyа vа rivоjlаnish yаngi yоʻllаr оchdi. Ushbu mаqоlаdа SSSR dаvri vа mustаqillik yillаridа Оʻzbеkistоndа imkоniyаti chеklаngаn sроrtchilаrning sроrtdаgi tаrаqqiyоti, yutuqlаri, qiyinchiliklаri tаhlil qilinаdi.

This article is dedicated to the study of the concept of logical thinking, as well as the analysis of its content and essence. The article examines the philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical aspects of logical thinking, its importance in everyday life, and its role in the education system. In addition, it discusses the development of logical thinking and its role in social and practical activities. The article offers scientifically grounded recommendations on methods and ways of developing logical thinking for students and learners.

It has been established that in the last decade the incidence of Alport syndrome among children has increased, the disease has become more frequently diagnosed. Alport syndrome is a hereditary disease that affects the kidneys, hearing and vision organs. It is rare, but can lead to chronic renal failure and complete hearing loss in childhood. At the same time, timely diagnosis plays a major role in preventing early severe consequences.

мазкур мақолада ички ишлар органлари ходимларини рағбатлантириш ретроспектив таҳлили ёритилган. Шунингдек, ички ишлар органларида рағбатлантиришнинг ўтган асрлардаги ҳолати баён этилган. Бундан ташқари ички ишлар органлари ходимларини рағбатлантиришга оид тарихий фактлар ёритилган.

Terrorism remains one of the most pressing global challenges, threatening the stability of societies and undermining human security. Defined as the use of violence and intimidation to achieve political, religious, or social objectives, terrorism seeks to instill fear, disrupt social order, and impose ideologies through coercion. This article examines the multifaceted nature of terrorism, exploring its causes, methods, and societal impacts from a humanistic perspective. By analyzing its socio-political, economic, and ideological roots, the study underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that prioritize justice, equality, and global cooperation to address this pervasive issue.

This article examines two of J.R.R. Tolkien’s invented languages that are associated with darkness, fear, and secrecy in The Lord of the Rings: the Black Speech of Mordor and Khuzdul, the secret tongue of the Dwarves. It analyzes how these “dark tongues” symbolize power, terror, secrecy, and cultural isolation, and how they function within the narrative to delineate moral and cultural divisions. Through a close reading of the use and reception of these languages in the novel, this study demonstrates that Tolkien’s dark tongues are far more than exotic additions to his world: they are integral narrative devices that reinforce the story’s moral geography and deepen the realism of Middle-earth’s cultures.

Project-based learning (PBL) is a dynamic pedagogical approach increasingly adopted in higher education to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application. PBL emphasizes active, student-centered learning through complex, interdisciplinary projects, fostering essential skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and self-regulation.

this thesis explores the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies in enhancing formative assessment feedback in university-level language education. Metacognitive strategies, which involve students' awareness and regulation of their cognitive processes, play a crucial role in fostering self-regulation and improving learning outcomes. In the context of formative assessment, which provides ongoing feedback to guide students’ learning, the integration of metacognitive strategies can significantly enhance students' ability to engage with and apply feedback. The study aims to investigate how metacognitive strategies impact students' responses to formative assessments and how such strategies can be integrated into the feedback process to improve learning outcomes.

This article presents the impact and importance of innovation on economic prosperity. The concept of resistance to innovation and the role of inertia in the innovation process are analyzed. The innovation process is discussed not only from the perspective of technical or technological changes but also from the perspective of institutional transformations. Today, innovations are an integral part of the development of any organization, enterprise, or society. Resistance to new technology, ideas, or changes is considered a natural process. Innovation resistance arises from people's skepticism and fear towards new ideas, leading to reluctance in accepting them. The article explores a set of general approaches to overcoming resistance to innovation. It discusses the role of economic culture in the context of institutional changes and provides arguments that overcoming resistance to innovation is necessary for implementing transformations and enhancing economic prosperity. The article analyzes the causes, types, and methods of overcoming innovation resistance.

Терговчи жиноят процессида исбот қилишнинг асосий субъектларидан бири бўлиб, у қонунда назарда тутилган ваколатлар доирасида жиноят иши бўйича дастлабки терговни амалга ошириш ваколатига эга бўлган мансабдор шахс сифатида далилларни тўплаш, текшириш ва баҳолашни амалга оширади. Исбот қилиш жараёнида терговчи ўз ваколатлари доирасида жиноят иши бўйича далилларни тўплаш, текшириш ва баҳолашни жиноят процессуал қонун нормаларида тартибга солинган қоидалар асосида амалга оширилади.  Кўриниб турибдики, терговчининг дастлабки терговда исбот қилидаги ўрни етарли даражада аҳамиятлидир.

Modern medical education is in the process of constant transformation, caused by both changes in medical science itself and the demands of society for the quality of training of medical personnel. The problem of increasing the effectiveness of training future pediatricians is becoming especially urgent, since working with children requires not only deep knowledge, but also a special approach, including emotional sensitivity, communication skills, as well as a quick and accurate clinical assessment of the child's condition. In this context, comprehensive pediatric training based on a combination of theoretical training and active clinical practice is playing an important role.

Mazkur maqolada qadimgi Xitoy adabiyoti, uning shakllanish bosqichlari, asosiy adabiy yodgorliklari hamda ularning Sharq adabiyoti taraqqiyotiga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Adabiy namunalarda aks etgan falsafiy va estetik qarashlar tahlil qilinib, qadimiy matnlarning badiiy va tarbiyaviy ahamiyati yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda tarixiy manbalar va tarjima qilingan asarlarga tayanilgan.

Ushbu maqola O'zbekistonning Markaziy Osiyoda tinchlik va barqarorlikni ta'minlashdagi o'rnini tahlil qiladi. O'zbekiston, o'zining strategik joylashuvi va tarixiy merosi bilan, mintaqada tinchlik va barqarorlikni saqlashda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Maqolada O'zbekistonning diplomatik tashabbuslari, mintaqaviy hamkorlik va xavfsizlik sohasidagi faoliyati, shuningdek, iqtisodiy va madaniy aloqalar orqali tinchlikni ta'minlashga qo'shgan hissasi ko'rib chiqiladi. O'zbekistonning mintaqaviy va global miqyosda barqarorlikni ta'minlashdagi ahamiyati, shuningdek, uning xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan hamkorligi ham yoritiladi. Ushbu maqola, O'zbekistonning tinchlik va barqarorlikni saqlashdagi o'rnini yanada chuqurroq anglashga yordam beradi.

This article focuses on the research of two plants—arugula (Eruca vesicaria) and European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)—which have been traditionally used in folk medicine and are also significant in the food industry. The study presents the results of scientific investigations into the systematics, geographic distribution, origin, and bioecology of these plant species cultivated in various regions of our country. The research also addresses important issues such as providing the population with high-quality food and medicinal plant products, and gaining a deeper understanding of their biological and agrotechnical characteristics