№ 2 (2025) Models and methods in modern science

This article studies verbal and nonverbal means of communication in liguistics. It discusses cultural differences of using nonverbal means in communication.

In this article, the methodology of training the data warehouse management system (DMS) is studied. With the development of modern information technologies, the development of effective methods of training DWMS specialists is gaining urgent importance. The article analyzes innovative pedagogical technologies, interactive methods and practical training methods used in the DWMS teaching process. In addition, students will be exposed to the directions of connecting theoretical knowledge of DWMS with practice, effective use of software tools, and introduction of problem-based learning methods. The results of the research serve to increase the effectiveness of education in teaching the subject of DWMS.

В статье обобщены результаты изучение условия кормления и содержания животных. Таким образом, по анализу скормленных кормов, уровень кормления животных за весь период выращивания и откорма был сбалансированным и способствовал нормальному их росту и развитию, получению 750-800 г.    среднесуточных приростов живой массы. У бычков I, II, III и IV группы, расход кормов на 1 кг при живой массе в среднем составляет 8,88; 9,48; 9,34 и 9,50 кормовых единиц.

Mazkur maqolaning asosiy mazmunini boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qituvchilarining kasbiy kompetensiyasini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha o‘rganilgan nazariy va ilmiy-amaliy ma’lumotlar asosida shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan ta’limdan foydalanish hamda foydalanishdan ko‘zlanadigan maqsadlar haqidagi fikr-mulohazalar boyitadi.

Переломы  проксимального  отдела  плечевой  кости  составляют около 6% от всех переломов у больных трудоспособного возраста, занимают третье место по частоте встречаемости среди больных пожилого возраста (Сластинин В.В., Титов Р.С. (2014). Переломы и переломовывихи  проксимального отдела плечевой  кости  требуют особого внимания с разработкой оптимальной и индивидуальной тактики оперативного лечения, так как отсутствие или позднее проведение хирургических вмешательств часто приводят к грозным и трудно исправимым осложнениям (E. Weber et al. (2016).

В статье рассматриваются феминистские мотивы в творчестве русских писательниц XIX века, включая Евдокию Ростопчину, Авдотью Глинку, Елизавету Жукову, Евгению Тур, Елену Ган и Варвару Боборыкину. Анализируются их произведения в контексте эмансипации женщин, права на образование, профессиональную деятельность и личную независимость. Несмотря на доминирующее патриархальное общество, их творчество отражает борьбу за право женщин быть услышанными и менять традиционные роли.

This article explores the metaphors associated with the concepts of «loss» and «discovery» in English and Uzbek, analyzing their linguistic and cognitive dimensions. The study examines how these metaphors reflect cultural and conceptual differences between the two languages. While English predominantly frames «loss» through metaphors of possession, space, and failure, Uzbek often links it with destiny and irreversible separation. Similarly, metaphors of «discovery» in English emphasize cognition, journey, and acquisition, whereas in Uzbek, they tend to focus on fate, effort, and enlightenment. The study highlights significant cross-linguistic variations and commonalities in how these fundamental human experiences are conceptualized.

This article analyzes the model for developing the creative thinking of future primary school teachers. The article explores the importance of creative thinking in the educational process, its role in teachers’ pedagogical activities, and methods for enhancing their creative thinking abilities. Additionally, effective pedagogical approaches and practical recommendations for fostering creative thinking in future teachers are presented.

This article analyzes the model for developing the creative thinking of future primary school teachers. The article explores the importance of creative thinking in the educational process, its role in teachers’ pedagogical activities, and methods for enhancing their creative thinking abilities. Additionally, effective pedagogical approaches and practical recommendations for fostering creative thinking in future teachers are presented.

The thesis discusses scientific perspectives on the emergence of new models of democracy as a result of the acceleration of globalization and argues that political modernization cannot be achieved solely through traditional democratic foundations. Additionally, it substantiates that the democratization of democratic processes in Uzbekistan has led to an increase in public trust in reforms, fostering political will and civic competence among citizens. These developments are presented as the socio-political outcome of building a genuine New Uzbekistan.

Inflammation of the dental pulp is a common disease encountered in the practice of a dentist. According to various authors, in the structure of dental care in terms of visits, patients with pulpitis range from 14 to 30%. This article discusses errors and complications in the treatment of pulpitis.

This thesis analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of the methodology of spiritual and moral education of students through gender identification. The importance of the gender approach in the educational process, its role in the process of personal development and adaptation to the social environment are scientifically and theoretically illuminated. The issues of the formation of students' spiritual and moral values ​​through their gender identification, the development of their skills in understanding and respecting gender equality are analyzed. Also, methods of organizing educational work on the basis of gender, pedagogical technologies and innovative approaches are described. The results of the study are of great importance in ensuring the spiritual and moral development of students through gender identification in the modern educational process.

Ushbu maqolada ishida kichik biznes va xususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish bugungi rivojlanayotgan zamonda qanchalik muhum ekanligi haqida so‘z boradi. Kichik biznes va tadbirkorlikni davlat tomonidan tartibga solinishi tadbirkorlik faoliyatiga qaydarajada ahamiyatli ekanligiga oid birqancha xorij adabiyotlari ustida tahlil o‘tkazildi.

В данном исследовании изучались особенности липидного обмена у новорожденных. Липиды являются важным источником энергии для организма, и их метаболизм у новорожденных имеет уникальные механизмы. Результаты исследования расширяют возможности выявления и мониторинга изменений липидного обмена.

This article examines the significance of music culture lessons in the educational process for developing creative potential in the context of modern development. It analyzes the interconnection between the concepts of "music culture" and "creative potential" and explores the possibilities of fostering creativity through the application of innovative methods. The article highlights essential pedagogical tools that contribute to the development of students' creative abilities.

This article explores the importance of enhancing creative and critical thinking in future primary school teachers. Developing creative thinking allows teachers to introduce innovative ideas and approaches into the educational process. Critical thinking helps teachers analyze pedagogical situations and make informed decisions. Teaching these skills contributes to improving the professional qualities of teachers and the quality of the educational process. Creative and critical thinking enhances teacher-student interaction, fostering active student engagement in learning. Developing these abilities helps teachers apply innovative methods in education, leading to improved educational outcomes. These qualities enable teachers to effectively solve complex pedagogical challenges and ensure high performance.

Мақолада  полотно ўрилишли кўйлакбоп матоларнинг танда ва арқоқ ипларининг жойлашиши бўйича ипларининг диаметрлари, диаметрлар нисбатини  коэффициенти,  танда ва арқоқ  бўйича  зичлик, ипларнинг эги-лишдаги тўлқин баландлиги, матода ипларнинг жойлашиши бўйича тўлқин баландлигини ифодаловчи коэффициентлар аниқланган ва таҳлил қилинган.

Adabiy janrlar ichida satira o’ziga hos o’ringa ega hisoblanadi. Satirik janr deganda  jamiyat  hayotining  har  qanday  hodisalari  keskin qoralangan  va  masxara  qilingan  asarlar  tushuniladi. Voqelikni badiiy aks ettirishning  oʻziga  xos  usuli  boʻlib, unda jamiyatdagi bemaʼni, asossiz, notoʻgʻri hodisalar, illatlar fosh qilinadi. Voqealarning real koʻrinishini oʻzgartirib, oshirib, boʻrttirib,  mubolagʻa qilish, keskinlashtirish va shartlilikning boshqa koʻpgina turlari  yordamida  yaratilgan  obraz  orqali  Satira  obʼyektiga  "ishlov"  beriladi. 

Foreign trade is a fundamental driver of Uzbekistan's economic growth, facilitating global economic integration, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and fostering industrial modernization. In 2023, Uzbekistan's total trade turnover amounted to $60.8 billion, reflecting a 23.5% year-on-year increase (State Committee on Statistics, 2024). This growth is attributed to a series of trade liberalization policies, economic diversification, and strategic partnerships with key trading blocs. However, challenges such as high reliance on primary commodities (gold and natural gas constitute 47% of exports), limited technological exports, and logistical constraints persist.

The article expresses opinions about ways to improve the system of social protection of the population. The measures implemented to expand the coverage of social protection programs and bring families out of difficult life situations are covered. The processes implemented in the direction of introducing additional mechanisms aimed at bringing families out of difficult life situations are described.

Ushbu maqolada biznes strategiyasi va rejalashtirishning mohiyati, asosiy tamoyillari hamda ularning tadbirkorlik rivojlanishidagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Raqobat ustunligi, marketing strategiyalari, moliyaviy rejalashtirish va investitsiyalarni jalb qilish bo‘yicha samarali yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan. Bozor tahlili va innovatsion strategiyalar orqali muvaffaqiyatli biznes yuritish usullari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti va biznes muhitidan kelib chiqqan holda amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan.

One of the key elements of the economy in the system of natural gas fuel and energy, chemical industry valuable raw material. The increase of natural gas demand from year to year, find new deposits, the form of enough reserves it requires or promotes expansion of compressed without pipeline transmission infrastructure [1].

This paper explores the syntactic structures used to report perceptual experiences in English. Drawing on corpus-based analyses and comparative linguistic studies, it examines the ways in which sensory verbs such as see, hear, feel, smell, and taste are embedded in a variety of clauses. Special attention is paid to how complements and subordinate clauses serve to convey different degrees of speaker subjectivity. The study also incorporates perspectives from Uzbek linguists, highlighting comparative aspects between English and Uzbek syntax. Findings underscore the complexity and flexibility of English reporting verbs and provide insights for cross-linguistic research.

Among the additives used for diesel fuels in the market of most developed countries, additives that increase the cetane number are widespread. Analysis of the existing range of promising cetane-increasing additives showed that the main components of these additives are compounds such as cyclohexylnitrate or 2-ethylhexylnitrate. The development of an additive that increases the local cetane number based on cheap and available raw materials is a pressing problem and has great practical significance.

Texnologiya asrida ta'lim tubdan o'zgarmoqda. An'anaviy o'quv usullari zamonaviy texnologiyalar bilan birlashmoqda, bu esa ham imkoniyatlarni, ham qiyinchiliklarni keltirib chiqarmoqda.Ushbu maqolada ta'lim jarayonlarini texnologiyalashtirishning ilmiy asoslari, ta'lim berishning texnologiyalashtirilgan shakl va usullarini ishlab chiqish va hayotga tadbiq etish zarurligi, ta'lim mazmunini tubdan yangilash va innovatsion faoliyatni texnologiyalashtirish extiyoji va ta'lim jarayonlarining texnologiyalashuvi vazifalari pedagog va tarbiyachida bir qator qobiliyatlarning aniqlanishini taqozo etishi masalalari yoritilgan.