№ 1 (2025) International journal of medical sciences

This article focuses on the analysis of modern 3D navigation methods in orthognathic surgery for precise control of bone fragment positioning. The advantages and features of navigation systems, their impact on surgical accuracy and postoperative outcomes are examined. Based on literature analysis, key aspects of intraoperative control using 3D technologies are presented.

This article discusses the main pathogens responsible for dermatovenereal diseases, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It highlights their characteristics, modes of transmission, and health impacts. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, prevention strategies, and treatment options to reduce the burden of these infections on public health.

Bartholin’s cyst is a common gynecological disorder in women that occurs due to the obstruction of the Bartholin gland ducts. This article provides detailed information on the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Bartholin’s cyst. In addition, preventive measures are analyzed, emphasizing personal hygiene, immune system strengthening, and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections as crucial aspects of prophylaxis.

Determination of the functional state of the organism and its own systems of tissue metabolism is associated with the definition of t. Called. Biological age! The latter may be an objective assessment of the age and development of the human condition and perhaps to predict life expectancy. In ontogenesis (especially in its later stages), the mechanism of formation of protective reactions of the organism occupies an important place physiological system of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, in which the important role played by the adrenal cortex. With its careful study of the age (in the ontogenetic aspect) specified age features reactions to changing life situations. Uneven changes in regulation and adequate adaptation of an organism is determined preserving the homeostasis of the organism aging the decline in non-monetary. Presents objective, important scientific and historical factors to determine the biological age.

This article explores the significant role of medical psychology in maintaining mental health. It highlights the interdisciplinary nature of medical psychology, which integrates psychological principles within the healthcare system to address both the mental and physical aspects of patient care. The article covers key functions of medical psychology, including psychological assessment, therapeutic interventions, stress management, support for chronic illness and pain management, and the promotion of behavioral changes for better health. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of collaboration between medical psychologists and other healthcare professionals, ensuring a holistic approach to patient treatment. The article concludes by emphasizing the growing importance of medical psychology in improving overall well-being and providing comprehensive mental health care.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis with  of the disease beginning of plants flowering to the period correct If a person body the disease brought releasing to the allergen , that is this of the plant flower to dust very sensitive if so , then in cases of the disease clinical signs develops. Seasonal allergic rhinitis current on the day whole world along this including In Uzbekistan also wide widespread seasonal, clinical to the character has was allergic disease is considered.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a systemic disease characterized by accumulation of uremic toxins, impaired microcirculation, and activation of systemic inflammation. These processes have a significant impact on periodontal tissues, enhancing inflammatory responses and leading to destruction of connective and bone tissue. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms linking CRF with inflammatory periodontal diseases, including the role of uremic toxins, calcium-phosphorus imbalance, and oxidative stress. Promising therapeutic approaches, including the use of biomarkers , new-generation antioxidants, and regenerative technologies, are also discussed. This work highlights the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CRF to minimize negative consequences on the periodontium.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a pathological condition in which the pressure inside the skull increases, significantly affecting brain function. The main causes of this condition include hydrocephalus, brain tumors, head trauma, and intracranial hemorrhages. The diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure is carried out through clinical examinations and modern imaging techniques such as CT and MRI. Treatment involves diuretics, surgical interventions, and supportive therapies. This article analyzes the various causes of intracranial pressure, its pathophysiological mechanisms, and modern treatment approaches.

This article provides information about the negative effects that bronchoectasis disease and its causes can have on human health. Based on practical experiences, various processes are presented in tabular form, and the information collected by the author serves as a practical guide for specialists in the field and individuals with a high interest in the subject.

 This article provides extensive information about hepatitis B, C, D, and liver cirrhosis. The origins, clinical course, diagnostics, treatment methods, and prevention measures of these viral diseases are described in detail. The global epidemiology, statistical indicators, and the impact of liver diseases on human health are highlighted. The article also focuses on modern treatment methods and innovative approaches.

Is accompanied by an expansion of indications for surgical interventions previously considered impossible, in particular, in elderly and senile patients (Gorilovsky L.M., 1993; Kosachenko V.M., 2005, etc.) - According to epidemiological data from the Russian Federation, in recent years the proportion of gerontological patients undergoing hospital treatment has been significantly increasing, and according to UN forecasts, the number of elderly and senile people in the world by 2010 will amount to 15% of the total population (Burov N.E., 2000; Gorilovsky L.M., 1999; Seltsovsky A.P., 1999, etc.). In this regard, the problem of treatment and, in particular, anesthetic care for this category of patients is extremely urgent. It is well known that during the aging process, numerous involutional changes occur in the body, characterized by a decrease in the functional capabilities of organs and systems, a decrease, and in some cases, a perversion of metabolic processes, a decrease in the reactivity of the body and resistance (or resistance) to stress effects (Fedorovsky N.M., 2002; Folkes-Crabbe.D., 1993, etc.).

The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism in the general population is 0.2 - 2%, but in certain groups of the population, in particular, among the elderly, it reaches 15%, so hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Overt hypothyroidism is an absolute indication for replacement therapy with thyroid hormones. Currently, L-thyroxine monotherapy is mainly used for replacement therapy of hypothyroidism, although studies that would directly compare it with L-T4 + LТЗ combination therapy have been virtually non-existent to date. In recent years, reports have begun to appear in the literature on some advantages of L-T3 + L-T4 combination therapy for hypothyroidism. A number of studies indicate positive dynamics of psychological indicators against the background of L-T4 + L-T3 combination therapy compared to L-T4 monotherapy. On the other hand, some studies have not confirmed the advantages of combination therapy compared to L-T4 monotherapy. Thus, to date, there is no clear data on the possible advantages and disadvantages of combination therapy L-T4 + L-T3 compared to L-T4 monotherapy. It should be noted that, despite the simplicity and convenience of L-T4 monotherapy, some patients, for various reasons, are in a state of chronic decompensation of hypothyroidism, or, despite maintaining a normal TSH level, present complaints characteristic of hypothyroidism, which to some extent may be evidence of the imperfection of this replacement therapy.

Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the pressing medical and social problems of our time [Vereshchagin N.V., Piradov M.A. 2002; Vilensky B.S. 1995,1999; Gusev E.I., Skvortsova V.I. 2001; Skvortsova V.I. et al. 2001; Murray C.J.L., Lopez A.D. 1997J. In the last decade, there has been a clear tendency towards an increase in the incidence of stroke at a young age [Begidova N.M. et al., 2003, Burtsev E.I. 1986; Deev A.S., Zakharushkina I.V. 2000; Deev A.S. et al., 2003; Elchaninov A.P. et al., 2002]. In our country, as in most countries of the world, the problem of cerebral circulatory disorders, the basis of which are vascular lesions of the nervous system, continues to be one of the most important in modern medicine [Vereshchagin N.V., Varakin Yu.L. 2001; Gusev E.I. et al., 2001; Zakharushkina I.V. et al., 2003; Kalashnikova L.A. et al., 2003]. In most cases, vascular damage to the brain is multifactorial - caused by a combination of several risk factors, including genetic ones [Vereshchagin N.V., 2003; Skvortsova V.I. et al., 2001; Suslina Z.A. et al., 2004; Heiss W.-D., 2003; Shlonkowska A., 2003]. One of the important risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents in young people is rheumatic diseases [Ivanova M.M., 2001; Kazanchyan P.O. et al., 1991; Kalashnikova L.A., 1997; Nasonov E.L. et al., 1999]. Rheumatic diseases (RD) belong to a group of diseases that are characterized by the development of autoimmune processes against antigens of almost all organs and tissues of the body, which is often combined with the formation of autoantibodies with organ-nonspecific properties [Nasonov E.L., 1998; Nasonov E.L. et al., 1999]. Over the past decade, Russia has seen an increase in the total number of patients with rheumatic diseases by more than 3,230 thousand or 35% [Folomeeva O.M. et al., 2001, 2002].

Back pain is often the leading cause of activity limitation in people of working age and sharply reduces the quality of life in older patients. Studies show that from 60% to 80% of the population of industrially developed countries suffer from back pain of various origins [Burulin A.A., 1986, Jennifer L.K., Anne L.G., 1990, Kuznetsov V.F., 2004, Pedachenko E.G., Kushchaev S.V., 2004].

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of common brain diseases among middle-aged individuals, including their main symptoms, diagnosis, and modern treatment methods. Research shows that neurological disorders are most prevalent in the 40-60 age group. This paper includes detailed scientific and practical information on early detection, prevention, and effective treatment approaches for these diseases.

The article analyzes the problems of agriculture in Samarkand region in the early years of independence, the decisions taken by the Republic of Uzbekistan, the regional administration to address these issues, the development of agriculture in the region and international cooperation in agriculture.

In this article, we will provide information after studying hereditary metabolic diseases (HMD) where epilepsy manifests prominently. In the process of analyzing the database, we identified IMD associated with various types of epilepsy, which we classified according to the IMD classification based on classical pathophysiology and classified according to the factors associated with the selected seizure (neonatal seizures, infantile spasms, myoclonic seizures, and characteristic EEG patterns) and the possibility of treating the underlying metabolic defect. In addition, we analyzed the clinical severity level to compare the phenotype with biochemical characteristics, genotype, and delayed initiation of pyridoxine. As a result, we classified according to the clinical severity scale as follows: 1) global developmental delay/intellectual disability; 2) age of seizure onset before pyridoxine treatment; 3) current seizures during treatment. An expanded list of IMD, an overview of the main clinical signs, and the recommended diagnostic and therapeutic approaches may be useful for epileptologists and healthcare professionals assisting patients with metabolic disorders.

 This article explores the suicidal motives and behaviors of patients who have engaged in incomplete suicide attempts. It examines the psychological, emotional, and situational factors driving these behaviors, as well as the key risk factors and behavioral patterns associated with incomplete suicide. The piece highlights the complexities of ambivalence, the desire to escape pain, and the role of self-harm and impulsivity in these cases. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of comprehensive clinical assessments, psychotherapy, crisis intervention, and support systems in preventing future suicide attempts and improving mental health outcomes. The article serves as a resource for healthcare professionals working with individuals at risk of suicide.

This article discusses the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the nervous system in children, other organs of the nervous system, the number of nerve cells in the cerebral hemispheres of the baby, blood vessels, the subcutaneous fat layer of babies, baby care, brain development, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, the predominance of reflex activity, high excitability, insufficient development of inhibitory processes, the peculiarities of the development of the autonomic nervous system, and factors affecting the development of the nervous system in children.

This article discusses digestive disorders in children, causes of dyspepsia, causes of the increase in the disease among children, abnormal nutrition, intestinal microflora disorders, lack of digestive enzymes, viral and bacterial infections, stress and psychological factors, body weight loss of 500-800 g in one or two days, a sharp decrease in urine output, the issue of hospital treatment of toxic dyspepsia, prevention of dyspepsia, aphthous stomatitis of the oral mucosa in children, the use of complex treatment due to the viral nature of the disease.

This scientific article provides an in-depth analysis of the etiology, clinical course, complications, and treatment methods of recurrent exudative otitis media (REOM) in children. Exudative otitis media is a common pediatric condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear due to inflammation. The disease often progresses asymptomatically, leading to hearing impairment, decreased concentration, and the risk of chronic otitis. The article examines the primary causes of REOM, including infectious, anatomical, immunological, and allergic factors. The main pathogens include bacterial infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae) and viral agents (influenza, adenovirus). Additionally, adenoid hypertrophy and anatomical features of the Eustachian tube play a crucial role in the disease's pathogenesis. Diagnostic methods include otoscopy, tympanometry, audiometry, and laboratory tests. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and include conservative and surgical approaches. Pharmacological therapy involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, mucolytics, and immunomodulators. In cases of recurrent or persistent fluid accumulation, surgical interventions such as myringotomy, tympanostomy, and adenoidectomy are recommended. The article also highlights the importance of preventive measures, such as protecting children from respiratory infections, strengthening immunity, managing allergic factors, and early diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy. The study results indicate that early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and preventive strategies for REOM in children help prevent hearing loss and improve overall health. This article serves as a valuable resource for pediatricians, otolaryngologists, and other specialists.

Tooth loss accelerates the physiological age-related atrophy of the alveolar processes and jaws in general. Tooth extraction quite often remains a traumatic procedure, leading to direct destruction and loss of bone tissue of the alveolar process and surrounding soft tissue. The morphological changes that occur after the removal of a tooth or tooth root can be reduced by using techniques aimed at preventing these changes. The effectiveness of osteoplastic materials is largely due to the presence of minerals and soft collagen fibers in their composition. In biochemical blood tests, the study of indicators reflecting metabolic processes in the bone tissue of the jaws revealed differences in the content of water-soluble proteins and peptides, as well as enzyme activity, depending on gender.

The article presents the results of physical and mechanical characteristics of cellulose materials, the composition of element-containing fire retardant compositions for modifying cellulose materials, during wet processing of samples of modified textile material based on cellulose with a fire retardant, it is possible to judge by the change in the mass of samples. Moreover, short-term heat fixation, especially under some pressure, contributes to the simple fixation of the mixture on the material. They show the absence of strong chemical bonds in the samples obtained during short-term processing of the vermiculite mineral to obtain a fire retardant suspension for materials to impart thermal and fire-protective properties.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of conditions, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study examines MS among physicians, analyzing its genetic predisposition, external risk factors, and pathophysiological mechanisms. The role of insulin resistance, adipocyte dysfunction, and free fatty acids in exacerbating metabolic disturbances is discussed. Various definitions and diagnostic criteria for MS are compared, highlighting inconsistencies in global prevalence estimation. Finally, pharmacological interventions, particularly metformin, are reviewed as a treatment option for MS when lifestyle modifications prove insufficient.

This study investigated the impact of maternal stress on pancreatic development in rat offspring. Morphological analyses of the pancreas at various postnatal stages revealed a developmental delay and altered acinar cell development in the experimental group compared to controls. Notably, changes in both exocrine and endocrine cells were observed from the third day of the experiment in all stressed animals, including destructive changes in the mitochondria of acinocytes. Specifically, morphometric analysis showed a decrease of up to 4% in pancreatic acini diameter and an 18% reduction in acini height in the experimental group relative to controls. These hemomicrocirculatory changes, characterized by interstitial stroma swelling and cellular dystrophic changes, were most pronounced on day 14 and correlated with destabilization of acinocyte membrane structures. These findings suggest that maternal stress induces significant morphological changes in offspring pancreatic cells, potentially leading to chronic pancreatitis. The experimental design involved subjecting pregnant rats to a stress-inducing maze environment, with offspring pancreases examined histologically at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days postnatal.