No. 1 (2025) International journal of medical sciences

Determination of the functional state of the organism and its own systems of tissue metabolism is associated with the definition of t. Called. Biological age! The latter may be an objective assessment of the age and development of the human condition and perhaps to predict life expectancy. In ontogenesis (especially in its later stages), the mechanism of formation of protective reactions of the organism occupies an important place physiological system of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, in which the important role played by the adrenal cortex. With its careful study of the age (in the ontogenetic aspect) specified age features reactions to changing life situations. Uneven changes in regulation and adequate adaptation of an organism is determined preserving the homeostasis of the organism aging the decline in non-monetary. Presents objective, important scientific and historical factors to determine the biological age.

Bartholin’s cyst is a common gynecological disorder in women that occurs due to the obstruction of the Bartholin gland ducts. This article provides detailed information on the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Bartholin’s cyst. In addition, preventive measures are analyzed, emphasizing personal hygiene, immune system strengthening, and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections as crucial aspects of prophylaxis.

This article discusses the main pathogens responsible for dermatovenereal diseases, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It highlights their characteristics, modes of transmission, and health impacts. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, prevention strategies, and treatment options to reduce the burden of these infections on public health.

In Western and East-West Asia, there is an increase in axial hyperopia among the young population in the last three decades. Which is caused by hereditary factors or pregnancy defects.

The article considered the main indices aimed at determining the degree of gum inflammation and methods of their application.

Currently, statistics show that women of reproductive age are prone to oncological diseases. The onset of the disease and the death rate depend on the geographical features of the permanent place of residence of women, and this indicator differs in the west and east of Eurasia. At the same time, the main problem of medicine remains timely detection of oncological diseases.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a qualitative and quantitative disorder of the microflora of the urogenital tract. In BV, there is an absence or decrease in the total number of lactobacilli and an increase in the number of anaerobic microorganisms, such as Gardrenella vaginalis, Prevotella, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus, Bifidobacterium, Sneathia, Leptotrichia, and other BV-associated bacteria [1]. BV is common in patients of reproductive age. The prevalence of BV in pregnant women is 8-51% [2]. BV in pregnant women is caused by complications during pregnancy, in particular chorioamnionitis, spontaneous miscarriage, premature rupture of the membranes, premature birth (PR) and a deficiency in the child's body weight at birth. Globally, the rate of neonatal mortality associated with HIV reaches 2.9 million. Over 80% of neonatal mortality is accounted for by newborns with OD, 2/3 of whom are premature, 1/3 are full–term infants with low body weight [3]. In the study by X. Zhang et al. Of the 186 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 106 had an abnormal composition of the vaginal microflora. Patients with abnormal microflora showed a high incidence of premature rupture of the membranes (32.1%), PR (7.5%) and choriamnionitis (2.5%) [4]. 

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common infectious pathologies of women of childbearing age. Bacterial vaginosis is a condition in which the normal vaginal microflora, represented mainly by lactobacilli, is replaced by numerous anaerobic and other opportunistic flora. Dysbiosis has been linked to complications such as rupture of the membranes, premature birth, infections of the chorion, amnion, and amniotic fluid., intrauterine fetal death. This suggests the need for screening for bacterial vaginosis and its treatment before pregnancy.

The article is devoted to diagnostic methods, therapeutic options, and management algorithms for patients with isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI). Acquired and congenital abnormalities of the cervix are risk factors for the development of ICI. The diagnosis is valid only during pregnancy. A shortening of the length of the cervix of less than 25 mm indicates the presence of ICI and the risk of premature birth. The optimal time for the initial assessment of the length of the cervix is 16-20 weeks. If the length of the cervix is more than 25 mm, but less than 30 mm, micronized progesterone 200 mg is prescribed into the vagina for preventive purposes from 19 to 34 weeks. When ICI is detected after 24 weeks, the method of choice is the appointment of micronized progesterone and the installation of an obstetric discharge pessary. Shortening of the length of the cervix up to 24 weeks of pregnancy is an indication for surgical correction and cerclage followed by micronized progesterone therapy. The use of a differentiated management algorithm for patients with ICI reduces the likelihood of unexpected premature birth and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: isthmic-cervical insufficiency, premature birth, miscarriage, cerclage, obstetric pessary, micronized progesterone, cervicometry, elastometry.

90 women were under observation. Of these, 60 patients (main group) operated on with a diagnosis of follicular ovarian cysts, taking Midiana® as an adjuvant therapy in the postoperative period, and 30 operated patients with the same diagnosis, but who refused hormonal adjuvant therapy. The use of the combined estrogen-gestagenic drug Midiana as part of adjuvant therapy confirmed its high efficiency in restoring fertility by 4.1 times (in 85% of patients) and preventing recurrence of follicular ovarian cysts, which allows it to be recommended to women after laparoscopic surgery.

The liver is a heterogeneous tissue, the functional unit of which, the lobule— continues to baffle morphologists for more than 300 years. Surprisingly, regardless of the angle at which the liver is cut, it mostly has the same histological appearance, i.e. multiple units with a hepatic venule (also known as a central vein) surrounded in the center by about 4-6 portal areas. This phenomenon is the basis for the liver to be called having an "isotropic parenchyma," and it contributes to a mysterious, complex, three-dimensional architecture. Trying to understand three-dimensionality has helped us better understand liver function.

Human morphology, the study of the structure and form of the human body, plays a critical role in advancing medical science and practice. This article explores the significance of human morphology research in various medical fields, including anatomy, pathology, and surgical procedures. By examining the structural variations in human bodies, researchers can enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve surgical outcomes, and develop personalized treatment plans. The integration of advanced imaging techniques and 3D modeling has revolutionized the way medical professionals understand human morphology, leading to innovative approaches in education and clinical practice. This article also discusses the implications of human morphological studies in understanding genetic disorders, aging processes, and the development of new medical technologies. Through a comprehensive review of literature and recent findings, this study aims to highlight the indispensable role that human morphology research plays in modern medicine.

The authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 1929 patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis (CCC). In the course of the study, the indications and contraindications to various methods of cholecystectomy were clarified, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of them were identified. This has significantly improved the effectiveness and safety of surgical interventions. The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of a personalized choice of surgery method, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the characteristics of the disease.

Measles is an acute infectious disease of viral etiology with an extremely high degree of contagiousness.

The causative agent is the measles virus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus.

A comprehensive approach to the prevention and treatment of scleromalacia, one of the severe complications of myopia, requires various treatment methods. The course of this disease complete clinical examination , optical correction , functional and medicine therapy . Strong muscles and mi o pik eyes hemodynamics improving antioxidant and vasoconstrictive to the effect local​​ and systemic medicines about word was conducted . Glasses with the help of of targeted optical correction modern methods , optical reflection to make methods , locomotion system for exercises and in children , accommodation status, different physical​ and in hardware techniques given . General physical activity , physical exercises and of sport to the goal compatibility , especially open in air , but in conditions of hypoxia to see organs condition with related known restrictions with is displayed . Complex treatment modern approaches and main standards in "clinical recommendations". own on the contrary found .

Cortisol is a hormone produced in the adrenal cortex. It protects the body from stress, regulates blood pressure, and is involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates . The secretion of cortisol is regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which is produced in the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the bottom of the brain. The concentrations of ACTH and cortisol in the blood are regulated by the feedback method. A decrease in the concentration of cortisol increases the production of ACTH, which stimulates the production of this hormone until it returns to normal. An increase in the concentration of cortisol in the blood, on the contrary, leads to a decrease in the production of ACTH.

This scientific to patients with epilepsy carbohydrates included food consumption to do and standards dedicated . In the article wrong eating mi o pi ie development factor as seeing will be released . Mi o pi ya with number of sick patients screening method with the help of analysis done. The author of fast food to the body the effect learned​ Received to the information based on balanced diet my opium in development play a big role was determined .

Vitamin C is an exogenous compound required for various metabolic processes; therefore, effective delivery is critical to maintaining body homeostasis. The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C and its low amounts in processed foods require its continuous supplementation. In this article, we present a review of a new liposomal vitamin C formulation free of harmful organic solvents. The formulation was quantitatively characterized in terms of its chemical composition and nanostructuring. Encapsulation of vitamins and minerals in liposomes helps improve overall bioavailability.

Measles is an acute infectious disease of viral etiology with an extremely high degree of contagiousness.

The causative agent is the measles virus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus.

The clinical picture of measles is characterized by the development of fever reaching high values ​​(up to 40.5 ° C), inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity (including the so-called Belsky-Filatov spot), upper respiratory tract, conjunctivitis, as well as a characteristic maculopapular rash on the skin. The disease is accompanied by severe intoxication, general weakness and sometimes progressive complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis or diarrhea. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2018, about 140 thousand people died from measles worldwide, most of whom were children under five years of age. Despite significant progress in global vaccination, measles remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality in developing countries, accounting for 1.3% of all child mortality in 2016. The sharp increase in measles cases in 2017 is due to insufficient vaccination coverage and decreasing herd immunity, which has led to measles outbreaks in various regions of the world. Gaps in immunization remain a key factor contributing to the spread of the infection. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of measles in 2018 was 1.7 cases per 100,000 people, indicating the presence of localized outbreaks of the disease despite existing prevention measures.

The impact of COVID-19 on lung function is the most important in the post-coronavirus period. The effects of experimentally induced inflammation of the respiratory tract have not been thoroughly studied. The pathogenesis of the development of fibrosis in the lungs is local and systemic production of proinflammatory cytokines, followed by narrowing of the respiratory tract. In the post-COVID years, there are many studies describing the signs of pulmonary fibrosis, such as increased fibroblast proliferation and deposition of extracellular matrix in the late stages of acute lung inflammation. This article describes the modeling of fibrosis in an experiment induced by daily exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the upper respiratory tract of experimental animals.

Thus, it should be noted that the modeling we have chosen seems possible and effective, which allows us to study the mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis development and ways of early diagnosis, timely treatment and prevention.

The article presents information about changes in copper metabolism under the influence of helminths and their consequences. Trace elements, like vitamins, have high biological activity and even in small doses exert a powerful influence on the regulation of various physiological functions of the body. The high activity of trace elements is due to their close interaction with biologically important and active organic substances [1].

It is known that copper participates in oxidative and hematopoietic processes, converting iron into an organically bound form and actively contributing to the formation of the main respiratory pigment, hemoglobin, which increases oxygen uptake by tissues [9].

Animal deviations in normal metabolism can be caused by an imbalance of trace elements in the body. A deficiency of trace elements leads to various reproductive disorders, resulting in the birth of weak, non-viable animals with low vitality. Changes in the balance of trace elements in animals can contribute to the development of numerous endemic, physiological, and genetic diseases [4].

During our research, we observed the development of signs of microelementosis at the stages of parasitic invasion in all groups of experimental animals, which led us to analyze the dynamic changes in copper levels in the blood, as one of the most important trace elements playing a significant role in the functioning of the body.

Bone growth and development are essential processes in the human body that ensure proper skeletal structure and function. Ossification, the process by which bone tissue is formed, and remodeling, the continuous reshaping of bone throughout life, are key elements of skeletal development. This article provides an overview of bone growth, ossification types, and the mechanisms of bone remodeling. Understanding these processes is crucial in areas such as orthopedics, aging, and regenerative medicine. The relationship between genetic factors, mechanical forces, and environmental influences on bone health is also explored.

 In this article, we will discuss the main aspects, diagnosis, and treatment methods of membrane pathologies and thalassemia diseases. Spherocytosis, Elliptocytosis, Thalassemias discussed, As a result of studies, it was found that the pathogenetic components of thalassemia (hemic hypoxia, hypersideremia) themselves lead to a decrease in cellular and humoral immunity and contribute to an increase in the level of the disease.

This article analyzes nosogenic neuropsychopathological conditions in women with reproductive system cancer. The clinical and psychosomatic features of the disease, as well as the identified psychopathological and neuropsychological disorders, were studied. Through detailed psychodiagnostics and neuropsychological tests, the impact of changes in women's emotional-cognitive composition not only on physical but also on mental health has been demonstrated. The impact of high levels of mental states, stress, and anxiety on women with reproductive system cancer, as well as comprehensive treatment measures in the healthcare system, were discussed. It turned out that the psychosomatic factors of the disease and neuropsychopathological disorders have a great influence on the physical condition of women and treatment methods. The article also recommends effective treatment and rehabilitation methods.

 In this article we consider the impact of educational programs on the health status of the population. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing need for disease prevention and raising awareness of a healthy lifestyle in the conditions of modern medicine and social changes. The aim of the work is to assess the impact of educational programs on improving health indicators and formation of healthy behavioral strategies among adults. Research methods included a cross-sectional survey of 150 participants aged 20 to 60 years, analyzing self-reported data and objective health indicators using the SPSS statistical package. The results showed that individuals who participated in the educational programs demonstrated a higher level of knowledge about the principles of a healthy lifestyle, as well as improved physiological indicators compared to the control group. The discussion of the results suggests the significance of educational initiatives in preventing chronic diseases and improving the quality of life of the population.