№ 46 (2025) Академические исследования в современной науке

Mazkur maqolada ayollar huquqlari va jamiyatdagi o‘rni haqida keng qamrovli tahlil berilgan. Unda tarixiy jarayonlar, huquqiy asoslar, davlat siyosati, ijtimoiy islohotlar hamda ayollarning ta’lim, siyosat, sog‘liqni saqlash va iqtisodiyot sohalaridagi ishtiroki yoritilgan. Shuningdek, gender tengligi yo‘lida olib borilayotgan chora-tadbirlar, mavjud muammolar va istiqbolli yo‘nalishlar tahlil qilingan. Maqola ayollar huquqlarini kengaytirish jamiyat taraqqiyotiga xizmat qilishi g‘oyasiga asoslangan.

This article explores the role and function of phraseological units (PUs) in economic texts, with a comparative analysis of their usage in English and Karakalpak languages. It examines the stylistic, cognitive, and cultural aspects of PUs, illustrating how they enrich economic discourse, enhance metaphorical expressions, and reflect national worldviews. By comparing and classifying economic idioms and set expressions in both languages, the study reveals both universal and culturally specific features, contributing to the field of contrastive linguistics and specialized translation.

Maqolada mehnatning samaradorligini aniqlash imkonini beradigan mezon – tejamkorlik xususida fikr yuritadi. Chunki barcha davrlarda ham amalga oshirilgan mehnat samarasi yaratilgan mahsulotlar hajmi bilan resurslarning sarflarini meyori o‘rtasidagi muvofiqlikka, isrofgarchilikka barham berilgani xolatiga bog‘liq bo‘lgan. Zamonaviy iqtisodiyotda esa tejamkorlik korxona va tashkilot, kompaniya va firmalardagi mehnatning samarasini ko‘rsatuvchi asosiy mezonlardan biriga aylandi. Chunki “hozirgi bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida ijtimoiy ishlab chiqarish va xizmat ko‘rsatish samaradorligini oshirishning muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biri tejamkorlikdir.Maqolada muallif tejamkorlikka erishish imkonini beradigan tavsiyalarni ham ilgari suradilar. O‘z faoliyatini zamonaviy tavsiyalar asosida yo‘lga qo‘yishga odatlangan firmalar ekologik jihatdan toza uskuna va jihozlarni xarid qilishga, ularning imkoniyatlaridan kengroq foydalanishga, shu yo‘l bilan resurslarni tejashga intilib kelishayotganini ham ta’kidlaydi. Ayrim muassasalarda esa resurslarni boshqarish va tergash imkonini beradigan butun boshli dasturlar va tadbirlar majmui ishlab chiqilib, ularni uzoq muddat davomida izchil va tizimli ravishda amalda qo‘llashga kirishilmoqda.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects 250,000–500,000 people annually worldwide, leading to severe motor, sensory, and autonomic deficits. Up to 60% of survivors remain with significant disability, and only 30–40% of patients with incomplete injuries achieve independent walking within a year. Functional rehabilitation, therefore, is a critical component of recovery aimed at restoring mobility, independence, and quality of life.

Ushbu maqolada umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktablarining 7–8-sinf o‘quvchilari uchun ingliz tilini o‘qitishda raqamli o‘quv modullarini yaratish va ularni dars jarayoniga integratsiya qilish tajribasi yoritilgan. Tadqiqot doirasida darslikdagi mavjud mavzular asosida interaktiv va multimediaviy topshiriqlar Wordwall va Prepare.uz platformalarida ishlab chiqildi. Mazkur modullar o‘quvchilarning lisoniy ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish, mustaqil ishlashga yo‘naltirish va raqamli kompetensiyalarini shakllantirishda samarali vosita sifatida namoyon bo‘ldi. Maqolada raqamli modullarning metodik asoslari, ularni loyihalash bosqichlari hamda qo‘llash natijalari tahlil qilinadi.

В данной статье будут рассмотрены такие ключевые аспекты, как разработка маркетингового механизма фермерских хозяйств в сельскохозяйственном секторе, анализ существующих проблем и факторов, направленных на повышение конкурентоспособности, разработка эффективного маркетингового механизма фермерских хозяйств, использование цифровых технологий и инновационных маркетинговых инструментов, сегментация рынка, ценовая политика и брендинг. В исследовании также рассматриваются практические методы и подходы, необходимые для успешного сбыта и повышения конкурентоспособности сельскохозяйственной продукции на рынке, включая вопросы производства экологически чистой продукции и повышения качества.

In this article, a comprehensive evaluation diagram was formed by studying the physical and mechanical properties of hosiery products with different compositions and recommendations were made to manufacturing enterprises for samples with the highest quality indicators.

Mazkur maqolada Ashtarxoniylar sulolasining Rossiya va Eron bilan tashqi siyosati va xalqaro savdo munosabatlari tizimli ravishda tahlil etiladi.

Мақолада яқин тарихимиз, ХIХ аср охири ХХ аср бошларида фаолият олиб борган боболаримиз – жадидлар ҳақида, уларнинг маърифатпарварлик фаолияти тўғрисида фикр юритилади. Янги усул (жадид) мактабларининг эски усул (қадимчилар) мактабларидан устунлиги ўша даврда яшаган, янги усул мактабларининг қандай шароитда ташкил топганини ўз кўзлари билан кўрган одамларнинг фикри баён қилинади.

В тезисе рассматривается значимость развития критического мышления студентов в процессе обучения русскому языку и литературе в вузе. Выделяет наиболее эффективные методы, способствующие развитию критического мышления: проблемное обучение, дискуссии, анализ авторской позиции, интерпретация текста, метод толстых и тонких вопросов, синквейн, кластер и проектная деятельность. Делается вывод о необходимости целенаправленного внедрения данных методов в образовательный процесс для подготовки студентов к активной интеллектуальной и профессиональной деятельности в современном мире.

This study explores the cultural challenges encountered in translating Uzbekistan’s official tourism website, Uzbekistan.travel, from Uzbek into English. Through qualitative content analysis, the research examines how cultural nuances, idiomatic expressions, and heritage-related terminology are either adapted or lost in translation. The study employs Skopos theory as its framework, emphasizing the importance of translation purpose in cross-cultural communication. It identifies several cultural gaps, including inadequate localization of historical and religious references, literal translations of proverbs and slogans, and inconsistent representation of cultural symbols. The findings highlight the significance of culturally sensitive translation in promoting national identity to international audiences and suggest practical strategies for improving the cultural fidelity of tourism-related translations. The paper contributes to the growing body of literature on translation studies, localization practices, and intercultural communication within the tourism sector, with specific focus on the Uzbek context.

This study examines why heritage travelers come to Bukhara, a UNESCO recognized city in Uzbekistan. Using classic concepts- push-pull, cultural capital, and heritage tourism- the research highlights four main motives: religious devotion, admiration of architecture, desire for cultural immersion, and links to personal identity. Because Bukhara brands itself as both a sacred site and an historic center, insight into these motives will help planners create respectful, long-lasting tourism policies.

This article explores the theoretical and legal foundations of absolute rights within the civil law framework, with a particular focus on their application in the domain of intellectual property. Absolute rights, distinguished by their enforceability against all third parties (erga omnes), represent a fundamental category of subjective rights that uphold legal certainty, personal autonomy, and proprietary protection. The paper analyzes the nature, scope, and structure of exclusive rights as a subtype of absolute rights and highlights their essential role in regulating intangible assets such as inventions, literary works, trademarks, and other intellectual creations. The dualistic nature of intellectual property comprising both moral and economic (exclusive) rights is examined in light of doctrinal debates and legislative approaches. Special attention is given to the challenges posed by digital technologies and artificial intelligence in determining authorship and ensuring effective rights enforcement. The article concludes that absolute rights, particularly in the context of intellectual property, are vital to safeguarding individual creativity and maintaining a just and innovation-driven legal order.

В данной статье проведён сравнительный анализ двух подходов к оценке массы осадка борной кислоты, которая может образоваться в условиях длительной аварии на реакторах ВВЭР. Рассмотрены как традиционная консервативная модель, не учитывающая механизмы выноса борной кислоты, так и уточнённая модель, включающая растворимость борной кислоты в паре. Цель работы – количественно определить влияние растворимости в паре на массу кристаллизовавшегося вещества и тем самым показать важность выбора модели при оценке безопасности.

The article presents data on the content of humus, phosphorus, potassium, physical clay, dry matter and bulk density of typical irrigated serozem soils distributed in the Jizzakh region at various altitudes using GIS technology.

Ushbu maqola ilmiy to‘garaklar faoliyatini samarali tashkil etish, boshqarishda uning rahbari (o‘qituvchi murabbiy)ning talabalarni qiziqishi, ehtijoji, yoshini inobatga olib to‘garak faoliyatini tashkil etishi. Loyiha, mustaqil ta’lim topshiriqlari, turli-tuman tadqiqotlar, debatlar, ya’ni baxs-munozara, fan kechalari, atoqli olim, shoir, yozuvchi san’atkor, ishlab chiqarish ilg‘orlari bilan uchrashuvlar uyushtirishi va ilmiy to‘garaklarni ta’limdagi ahamiyati haqida. 

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilshunosligidagi ko‘p ma’noli so‘zlarning vujudga kelishi, ularning ishlatilish o‘rinlari hamda strukturasi haqida fikr-mulohazalar beriladi.

This study analyzes the relevance of introducing modern technologies and modernizing production processes in poultry farms, as well as their impact on efficiency and the outcomes achieved through innovative approaches in the sector. Based on international experiences, the research proposes innovative models and solutions adapted to local conditions. Furthermore, the paper highlights positive trends such as improved product quality, reduced production costs, and increased export potential as a result of technological upgrades, implementation of automated management systems, biosecurity measures, and digital monitoring tools in poultry farms

Mazkur maqolada onomastik birliklar sirasiga kiradigan fitonimik birliklar tadqiqi amalga oshirilgan. Bunda XVIII-XIX asrlarda muomalada bo‘lgan o‘simlik nomlari sanab o‘tilgan va bugungi kunda qanday ko ‘rinishga kelganligi va dastlabki turkiy manbalarda qanday shaklda uchraganligi tahlil qilingan. Misollar Ogahiyning “Ta’viz ul-oshiqin” devoni tarkibidagi g‘azallardan olindi. Bundan tashqari, diaxronik aspektdan foydalangan holda fitonimik birliklar Alisher Navoiy asarlari, “Qissasi Rabg‘uziy”, “Devoni lug‘otit-turk” kabi asarlar tarkibidagi o‘simlik nomlari bilan taqqoslandi.

In this article, the efficiency coefficient of the Yangi Dargom Canal, which draws water from the left tributary of the Zarafshan River, was determined using generally accepted hydraulic laws and the hydrometric method. The water discharge of the branches receiving water from the canal was calculated and the results were compared.

The reflective practice approach has positively shaped teacher education and development programs as it relates to pedagogical practice. A teacher synthesizes teaching theory and practice and evaluates student reactions in the classroom, which functions as a laboratory. This paper aims to stress the relevance of reflective teaching and assess the level of teachers' cognizance of it. It highlights the necessity of reflective practice in classroom teaching and how a teacher’s practice can be enhanced through reflective teaching.

ʼʼDuduqlanish: Nevrologik muammo yoki psixologik to‘siqʼʼ mavzusidagi ushbu maqolada nutq buzilishining eng keng tarqalgan shakllaridan biri bo‘lgan duduqlanishning kelib chiqish sabablari, klinik holatlari, psixologik omillari va ijtimoiy ta’sirlari chuqur o‘rganiladi. Duduqlanish nafaqat nutqning uzluksizligiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi, balki shaxsning ruhiy holatiga, ijtimoiy moslashuviga va o‘z-o‘ziga bahosiga ham jiddiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Maqolada duduqlanishning nevrologik asoslari bilan bir qatorda, uni psixologik holat sifatida tahlil qilishga alohida e’tibor qaratiladi. Duduqlanish ko‘pincha bolaning ijtimoiy muhitiga, stress darajasiga, oilaviy munosabatlariga va shaxsiy his-tuyg‘ulariga bog‘liq holda yuzaga keladi. Shu sababli maqolada duduqlanishning ko‘p omilli etiologiyasi, zamonaviy logopedik va psixologik yondashuvlar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Shu bilan birga, duduqlanayotgan bolalar va kattalar uchun amaliy tavsiyalar, psixoterapevtik metodlar, oilaviy yondashuvlar va ta’lim muassasalaridagi maxsus strategiyalar beriladi. Ushbu maqola logopedlar, psixologlar, ota-onalar va pedagoglar uchun foydali bo‘lib, ularning nutq buzilishi bo‘yicha yanada samarali yondashuvlar ishlab chiqishiga xizmat qiladi.

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekistonda keng tarqalmagan, ammo oziqaviy, dorivor va eksportbop qiymatga ega bo‘lgan kam uchraydigan mevalarning (do‘lana, anjir, irg‘ay, aktinidiya, mushmula va boshqalar) biologik xususiyatlari, agrotexnik talablari va yetishtirish istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi. Bu mevalarning iqlimga moslashuvchanligi, ekologik foydasi va iqtisodiy samaradorligi asosida ularni keng ommalashtirish zarurati asoslab beriladi.

Mazkur maqolada o‘spirinlik davridagi shaxsiy rivojlanish jarayoniga ijtimoiy muhitning (oila, maktab, tengdoshlar, ommaviy axborot vositalari va internet) ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Ruhiy holatdagi o‘zgarishlar, shaxsiylik shakllanishi va emotsional barqarorlik bilan ijtimoiy omillar o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik yoritiladi. Shuningdek, salbiy ijtimoiy muhitning oqibatlari va uni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar keltiriladi.

Oila qurishdan asosiy maqsad jamiyat barpo qilishdir, jamiyat barpo qilish esa bir davlatni yuzaga keltiradi. Shu sababdan ham oila qurish va nikohlanishga azaldan alohida ahamiyat berilgan va jiddiy yondashilgan. Oilaviy munosabatlar muammosining yuzaga kelishida asosan oilaning har bir a’zosi bir birini tushuna olmasligida, tushunishni istamasligida yoshlarning noto’g’ri tarbiyalanishida, er-xotin oilada burch va vazifalari haqida tushunchaga ega bo’lmasligida qaynona kelin munosabatlari yangi kashf qilinayotgan urf-odatlar sabab darz ketishi va murosa qila olmaslikdadir. Shu sabablar ham oilaning darz ketishi va ajrimlar sonini ortib borishi natijasida hamda qizlarning turmushsiz farzand dunyoga keltirishi natijasida “Mehribonlik uylari” va “Oilaviy bolalar uylari” tashkil qilinishiga sabab bo’lib qolmoqda. Jamiyatimizda bunday og’riqli nuqtalarni bartaraf etish uchun yetarlicha tushunutirish ishlari targ’ib qilinishi lozim.