No. 9 (2025) Science and technology in the modern world

Maqolada O‘smirlarda stress holatini bartaraf etishning  psixoprofilaktik imkoniyatlari, o‘smirlarda  stressni yuzaga keltiruvchi psixologik omillar o‘rganilgan bo‘lib, O‘smirlarda stressli vaziyatlarda stressni yenga olish xulq-atvor ko‘rsatkichlarini tahlil qilish o‘smir shaxsi ijtimoiy psixologik taraqqiyotini ta’minlashningpsixologik asoslari yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada futbol mashg‘ulotlari jarayonida jismoniy tayyorgarlikni rivojlantirishning samarali usullari tahlil qilinadi. Futbolchilarning kuch, tezlik, chidamlilik, epchillik kabi muhim jismoniy sifatlarini shakllantirishda zamonaviy sport metodikalarining o‘rni, ularning yosh, tayyorgarlik darajasi va pozitsiyalariga moslashtirilgan yondashuvlar asosida qo‘llanishi yoritiladi. Shuningdek, individual va guruhli mashqlar, intervalli treninglar, funksional tayyorgarlik mashqlari orqali futbolchilarning umumiy va maxsus jismoniy holatini oshirishning ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari futbol mashg‘ulotlarini samarali tashkil etish va o‘quv-mashg‘ulot jarayonining sifatini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.

Ushbu mаqоlаdа elektr energiyаsidаn sа,mаrаli fоydаlаninish hаqidа sо’z bоrаdi. «Elektr tа’minоti tizimidа elektr energiyаsi nаzоrаti vа hisоbining аvtоmаtlаshtirilgаn tizimlаri» fаnini о‘qitilishidаn mаqsаd - iste’mоlchilаrni kerаkli miqdоrdа vа sifаtdа elektr energiyаsi bilаn tа’minlаb, uni nаzоrаt qilish vа hisоblаshni аvtоmаtlаshtirib beruvchi elektr tа’minоt tizimini о‘rgаnishdir.

В данной статье рассматриваются важные аспекты развития цифровой гигиены у школьников в современном мире, где цифровые технологии стали неотъемлемой частью их жизни. Приводятся стратегии и рекомендации, которые помогут родителям и педагогам научить детей безопасному и ответственному использованию цифровых устройств, а также минимизации негативных последствий их воздействия.

This article explores the significance of incorporating cultural content into language education through innovative methods. With globalization and the increasing importance of cross-cultural communication, the integration of culture into language learning has become essential in fostering both linguistic proficiency and intercultural competence. This study examines various modern pedagogical techniques, including digital technologies, project-based learning, and experiential learning strategies, to effectively integrate cultural knowledge into language curricula. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the research assesses the impact of these innovations on learners’ cultural awareness and language acquisition. The findings suggest that cultural integration significantly enhances language learning experiences and prepares students for global communication in a multicultural world.

This article explores the transformative role of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies in immersive language learning and intercultural exchange. The rapid evolution of these technologies has opened new frontiers for learners and educators, providing interactive and engaging environments for language acquisition and cultural understanding. The paper examines how VR and AR enhance language learning by offering real-world simulations and cultural immersion. It also analyzes their potential to facilitate intercultural exchange by allowing users to experience different cultural contexts firsthand. The goal of this study is to identify the impact of VR and AR on the effectiveness of language learning, cultural exchange, and the development of intercultural competencies.

This article examines the transformative role of mobile applications in contemporary language education, with a specific focus on how these tools facilitate both linguistic acquisition and cultural integration on a global scale. It explores the pedagogical affordances of mobile learning platforms and investigates how they respond to multicultural learner contexts. Drawing upon a cross-section of international case studies and scholarly literature, the study highlights the dual function of mobile apps in enhancing language proficiency while promoting intercultural awareness and sensitivity.

Slang serves as a powerful linguistic tool in shaping and reflecting the identities of American youth subcultures. Far from being mere informal speech, slang operates as a social code that signals group membership, cultural resistance, and generational trends. This paper explores how slang functions within various American youth subcultures, including hip hop, skateboarding, internet communities. Drawing on recent linguistic and cultural studies, it highlights the dynamic, creative, and political aspects of slang as a living expression of youth identity in a rapidly changing social landscape.

The integration of digital technologies into language teaching has revolutionized the way educators approach language acquisition, particularly in enhancing intercultural communication competence (ICC). Digital tools, such as online platforms, apps, social media, and virtual reality, provide a dynamic environment for learners to practice language in authentic, real-world contexts while engaging with diverse cultural content. This paper explores the role of digital technologies in language teaching, focusing on their contribution to fostering intercultural communication skills. By examining current trends, methods, and strategies, the study investigates how these technologies support the development of linguistic and cultural proficiency in language learners. The results suggest that digital tools significantly enhance learners' intercultural communication competence by providing interactive, immersive, and context-rich experiences that bridge the gap between linguistic knowledge and cultural understanding.

This paper explores the intersection between gamification and intercultural competence in the context of language learning. While gamification has gained recognition for enhancing motivation and engagement, its potential for cultivating intercultural understanding remains underexplored. Drawing on recent literature, this study investigates how gamified elements contribute not only to linguistic development but also to the appreciation of diverse cultural frameworks. The research evaluates various digital tools and pedagogical strategies, offering insights into how gamification can serve as a bridge between language acquisition and global citizenship education.

This article investigates the use of multimedia tools in language education, focusing on how these tools can effectively convey cultural context alongside linguistic skills. With advancements in technology, multimedia resources such as videos, podcasts, digital storytelling, and interactive platforms have become powerful pedagogical tools in language instruction. This study examines the role of multimedia in enhancing language acquisition and cultural awareness. Through qualitative and quantitative research, the study evaluates the effectiveness of multimedia tools in both traditional and digital classrooms. The results indicate that multimedia integration significantly enhances both language learning and cultural competence, making lessons more engaging and relevant. The article discusses challenges, such as technological limitations and the need for teacher training, and offers recommendations for optimizing the use of multimedia in language teaching.

Японияда пробация хизматининг ташкилий тузилмаси унинг юқори самарадорлиги ва дунё миқёсида эътироф этилишида муҳим омил ҳисобланади. Ушбу тизим Адлия вазирлигига қарашли Реабилитация бюроси томонидан марказлашган бошқарув асосида фаолият юритади ва маҳаллий жамоалар, кўнгилли пробация офицерлари ва бошқа институтлар билан мустаҳкам ҳамкорликка эга. Пробация хизматининг ташкилий тузилмаси унинг вазифаларини самарали бажаришини таъминлайди, яъни жиноят содир этган шахсларни жамиятга қайта мослаштириш ва қайта жиноят содир этишнинг олдини олиш. Ушбу бўлимда Япония пробация хизматининг ташкилий тузилмаси япон ҳуқуқшунос олимларининг тадқиқотлари асосида батафсил кўриб чиқилади.

Японияда пробация хизматининг тарихи узоқ ва мураккаб ривожланиш йўлини босиб ўтган бўлиб, унинг шаклланишида миллий қадриятлар ва хорижий тажрибалар муҳим рол ўйнаган. Пробация хизмати, яъни жазо муддатини ўтаётган шахсларни жамиятга қайта мослаштириш ва уларнинг қайта жиноят содир этишининг олдини олишга қаратилган тизим, Японияда 19-аср охирида илк қадамларини қўйган. Бу тизимнинг ривожланиши Мэйдзи даври (1868–1912) ислоҳотлари билан бошланиб, 20-асрда замонавий шаклга келган. Ушбу бўлимда Япония пробация хизматининг тарихий ривожланиши япон ҳуқуқшунос олимларининг тадқиқотлари асосида кўриб чиқилади.

Кичик бизнес субъектлари ҳар қандай миллий иқтисодиётда инновацион тараққиёт, иш ўринлари яратиш ва маҳаллий бозорларни фаоллаштиришда муҳим роль ўйнайди. Шу билан бирга, бозордаги рақобат муҳити кучайган сари, кичик бизнеснинг муваффақиятли фаолият юритишига таъсир қилувчи асосий омиллардан бири — рақобатбардошлик даражаси ҳисобланади.

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы совершенствования системы реализации инвестиционных проектов в строительной сфере Узбекистана. Анализируются существующие проблемы, предлагаются институциональные механизмы создания Центра по реализации инвестиционных проектов, обосновывается его необходимость и предлагается модель функционирования с учетом международного опыта.

Ushbu maqolada neft-gaz sohasi talabalarining amaliy tayyorgarligini raqamli texnologiyalar yordamida takomillashtirishning dolzarbligi, mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy raqamli vositalarning o‘quv jarayoniga integratsiyasi va ularning kasbiy kompetensiyani shakllantirishdagi o‘rni yoritilgan.

Ушбу мақолада маънавий-ахлоқий фазилатлар, хислатлар ва сифатлар ҳамда уларнинг акси бўлган маънавий-ахлоқий ноқисликлар, қусурлар ва айблар, уларнинг инсон фаолиятида ва ахлоқида намоён бўлиб бориши тўғрисидаги фикрлар таҳлилга тортилган. Шунингдек, маънавий-ахлоқий фазилатларни шакллантиришнинг ижтимоий-тарихий ва педагогик-психологик асослари хусусида фикр юритилган.

Ушбу мақолада маънавий-ахлоқий фазилатлар, хислатлар ва сифатлар ҳамда уларнинг акси бўлган маънавий-ахлоқий ноқисликлар, қусурлар ва айблар, уларнинг инсон фаолиятида ва ахлоқида намоён бўлиб бориши тўғрисидаги фикрлар таҳлилга тортилган. Шунингдек, маънавий-ахлоқий фазилатларни шакллантиришнинг ижтимоий-тарихий ва педагогик-психологик асослари хусусида фикр юритилган.

Иқтисодиётни трансформациялаш шароитда ДХШ асосида фоалият юритаётган тадбиркорлик субьектлари молиявий қўллаб-қувватлашни баҳолаш шакллари ва усулларини такомиллаштириш билан боғлиқ муаммоларни бартараф этиш бир қатор таъсир этувчи омилларни баҳолаш лозим деб ҳисоблаймиз .

Ҳозирги кунда ривожланган мамлакатлар тажрибасидан шуни кузатишимиз мумкинки, давлат-хусусий шериклик (ДХШ) муносабатлари мамлакат иқтисодиётини ривожлантириш, йирик инфраструктура лойиҳаларини самарали амалга ошириш мамлакатда ижтимоий инфратузилмани яхшиланишида катта рол ўйнамоқда. Бу борада ривожланаётган давлатлар тажрибасини ўрганиш ва улардаги амалиётларни мамлакатимизга жорий этиш муҳим вазифалардан саналади. Хусусан, G20 мамлакатлари ҳамда бошқа ривожланган ва ривожланаётган давлатларнинг давлат-хусусий шериклик муносабатлари борасида тажрибаларини ўрганиб, бевосита, бу борадаги муваффақиятли амалиётларни мамлакатимизга жорий этиш, айниқса, аҳамиятлидир. 

Ushbu tezis zamonaviy axborot ta'lim muhitida bolalar adabiyotini o'qitish metodikasini takomillashtirishning shakl va metodlarini o'rganishga bag'ishlangan. Adabiyot, ayniqsa, bolalar uchun o'quv jarayonining muhim qismi bo'lib, u nafaqat axborot berish, balki tafakkur, tasavvur va axloqiy qadriyatlarni shakllantirish vositasi sifatida xizmat qiladi. Ma'lumki, axborot texnologiyalarining rivojlanishi o'qitish metodologiyasini ham yangi bosqichga olib keldi. Bu o'rganishda zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar, masalan, multimedia vositalari, interaktiv o'qitish usullari, elektron resurslar va virtual ta'lim platformalaridan qanday foydalanilishi masalasi yoritilgan. Tezisda bolalar adabiyotini o'qitish jarayonida axborot texnologiyalarining integratsiyasining ahamiyati, o'quvchilarni adabiyot bilan tanishtirishda zamonaviy metodlar va shakllar, shuningdek, o'qitishning yangi yondashuvlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Yozuvchi va o'qituvchi uchun bolalar adabiyotini o'qitishning samarali usullarini ishlab chiqish va joriy etish bo'yicha aniq tavsiyalar beriladi.

This article explores the complexities and instructional strategies involved in teaching multilevel or multi-grade classrooms—learning environments that include students of different ages, academic levels, and abilities. It begins by defining the multilevel classroom and explaining the common reasons for its existence, particularly in rural or resource-limited settings. The article then outlines the major challenges faced by teachers, including curriculum management, differentiated instruction, classroom control, and assessment difficulties. To address these, the author presents practical strategies such as learning stations, peer tutoring, thematic learning, and flexible grouping. The use of technology, open-ended tasks, and consistent routines are also emphasized as essential tools. The article concludes that although multilevel teaching is demanding, it offers significant opportunities for inclusive and personalized education when approached with structure and creativity. This resource is useful for educators, teacher trainers, and education policymakers working in diverse classroom contexts.

Магический реализм, возникший как литературный феномен в середине XX века, стал мощным инструментом для осмысления сложных социально-политических контекстов. В данной статье исследуется, как авторы используют магико-реалистические элементы для критики диктатур, постколониальных травм, социального неравенства и культурной идентичности. На примере произведений Габриэля Гарсиа Маркеса, Салмана Рушди, Исабель Альенде и современных авторов анализируется взаимодействие фантастического и реального. Статья демонстрирует, что магический реализм не только обнажает скрытые конфликты, но и предлагает альтернативные нарративы для их преодоления.