No. 8 (2025) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

В последние десятилетия развитие методической мысли стало особенно интенсивным, и я, как будущий педагог, наблюдаю, как на моих глазах трансформируется не только содержание преподавания, но и само отношение к учителю, ученику, языку. современная методика — это уже не просто инструментарий, это синтез гуманитарных, психологических, культурологических и даже философских подходов.

This article explores the multifaceted global struggle for gender equality, emphasizing the significance of gender, cultural differences, and the systemic barriers that persist in obstructing the path toward inclusive and equitable societies. This article includes about how various forms of oppression, such as race, class, ethnicity, and compound the challenges faced by marginalized gender groups. By addressing the unique experiences of individuals across different cultures and social contexts, the article underscores the importance of tailoring gender equality policies to accommodate diverse needs and perspectives. The article also emphasizes the significance of long-term, sustainable efforts in overcoming gender inequality. It stresses that achieving lasting change requires not only policy reform but also cultural shifts and grassroots movements that challenge and deconstruct the social and economic structures that sustain inequality. International collaboration, alongside local and regional action, is seen as crucial in achieving these goals. Finally, the article calls for a global solidarity movement where diverse actors—including policymakers, social activists, and grassroots organizations—work together in an intersectional and culturally sensitive manner to create strategies that dismantle the entrenched systems of inequality.

This article investigates the complicated link between language and culture in current linguistics by analyzing scholarly literature. The research looks at how language is more than just a tool of communication; it also reflects cultural values, beliefs, and traditions. It explores the difficulty of comprehending language and culture, as well as the impact of globalization, technology, and migration on linguistic variety. The study also discusses how linguistics academics are tackling these issues through multidisciplinary approaches and novel tools. Finally, our research intends to contribute to a better understanding of the interconnection of language and culture in modern society.

Mudofaa vazirligi organlari ma’muriy huquqbuzarlik ishlarini yuritishda muhim o‘rin tutadi, xususan, harbiy xizmat bilan bog‘liq qonunbuzarliklarni ko‘rib chiqishda alohida vazifalarni bajarib, davlat xavfsizligi va harbiy intizomni ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasida Mudofaa vazirligining ma’muriy ish yuritish faoliyati “Ma’muriy javobgarlik to‘g‘risida”gi Kodeks (MJtK) va “O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qurolli Kuchlari to‘g‘risida”gi qonunga asoslanadi. Ushbu jarayonda harbiy xizmatchilarning huquq va majburiyatlari, shuningdek, qonun ustuvorligini ta’minlash masalalari alohida e’tiborga olinadi. Xorijiy tajribalarni tahlil qilish orqali O‘zbekistondagi amaliyotni yanada takomillashtirish imkoniyatlarini ko‘rib chiqish mumkin.

The Bukhara People's Soviet Republic (BPSR) was a short-lived but significant political entity that emerged in Central Asia following the collapse of the Emirate of Bukhara in 1920. This thesis examines the main stages of the BPSR’s development from its revolutionary formation through its governance and legal transformations to its eventual integration into the Soviet Union. Drawing on primary sources (including the 1921 BPSR Constitution) and scholarly analyses, we chronologically outline the BPSR’s evolution: the revolutionary overthrow of the emirate and establishment of a People’s Republic, the formation of governmental institutions and initial reforms, the adoption of a unique constitution permitting limited private property and broadening political participation, the challenges of governance amid civil conflict (notably the Basmachi revolt), and the republic’s transition into a Soviet Socialist Republic leading to its voluntary dissolution in 1924.

Особое внимание уделяется способам сохранения национальной идентичности в условиях активного заимствования западных образцов. Рассматриваются различные идеологические течения (славянофильство, западничество, почвенничество), предлагавшие собственные пути развития России и определявшие вектор культурного развития. Анализируется, как русские писатели, художники и композиторы (Л.Н. Толстой, Ф.М. Достоевский, И.Е. Репин, М.И. Глинка и др.) стремились отразить в своих произведениях национальный характер, историю и духовные ценности русского народа, а также осмыслить противоречия модернизирующегося общества.

Dinamik dasturlash ko‘p bosqichli jarayonlarni optimal boshqarish va matematik dasturlash masalalarini yechishning muhim usulidir. Ushbu usul, ayniqsa, maqsad funksiyasi separabel bo‘lgan masalalarni yechishda samarali qo‘llaniladi. Maqolada dinamik dasturlashning asosiy tushunchalari, resurs taqsimoti masalasi misolida ko‘rib chiqiladi. R. Bellman tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan usul asosida masalalar oilasi tuziladi, Bellman funksiyasi va tenglamasi yordamida optimal yechim qadam-baqadam aniqlanadi. Bellman tenglamasi rekurrent shaklda yozilib, boshlang‘ich shartlardan foydalanib ketma-ket funksiyalar hisoblanadi. Masalaning yechimi optimal taqsimot va maksimal foydani aniqlash orqali topiladi.

Mazkur  maqolada bronxial astma kasalligi va uning kelib chiqish patogenezi haqida yoritilgan, bronxial astmani keltirib chiqaruvchi sabablari, xavfli omillari, klinikasi, simptomlari, diagnostikasi haqida ma’lumot berilgan, sog’lom turmush tarziga amal qilish, zararli omillardan vos kechish masalan, chekish, ruhiy zo'riqish, stress kabi holatlardan vos kechish va uzoqroq yurish aytib o'tilgan.

Hozirgi kunda ta'lim tizimi o'zgarayotgan dunyoda talabalarni zamonaviy kasb-hunarlarni egallashga tayyorlash uchun yangi yondashuvlarni izlamoqda. Bu borada texnologik ta'limning ahamiyati oshib bormoqda, chunki u nafaqat bilim, balki amaliy ko'nikmalarni ham rivojlantirishga yordam beradi. Kompetentli yondashuv (kompitenstlik yondashuvi) esa ta'lim jarayonida talabalar uchun zarur bo'lgan bilim va ko'nikmalarni shakllantirishga qaratilgan. Ushbu maqolada texnologik ta'limda kompetentli yondashuv asosida talabalarni kasb-hunarga o'rgatishning ahamiyati va uning afzalliklari ko'rib chiqiladi.

Projection is a fundamental concept in projective geometry and has significant applications in mathematics, computer graphics, and engineering. This article explores two principal types of projections: central and parallel projections. We examine their mathematical definitions, properties, and differences, supported by relevant formulas. Special attention is given to the invariance of collinearity, the behavior of lines and planes under projections, and practical applications in various fields.

Ushbu maqolada valyuta siyosatini liberallashtirish jarayonining iqtisodiy rivojlanishdagi roli va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Valyuta bozorining erkinlashtirilishi mamlakatga xorijiy investitsiyalarni jalb qilish, tashqi savdo munosabatlarini kengaytirish va makroiqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta'minlashga xizmat qiladi. Maqolada, shuningdek, valyuta operatsiyalarini hisobga olish va nazorat qilishning zamonaviy mexanizmlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Raqamli texnologiyalar asosida amalga oshirilayotgan hisob yuritish tizimlari valyuta oqimlarini shaffof va samarali boshqarish imkonini beradi. Valyuta siyosatining liberallashtirilishi sharoitida banklar, eksportyor va importyorlar uchun yaratilayotgan qulayliklar, shuningdek, bu jarayonda yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan xavf-xatarlar ham tahlil qilinadi. Maqola oxirida valyuta siyosatining yanada takomillashtirilishi bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar keltiriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari O‘zbekiston sharoitida valyuta bozorini liberallashtirish strategiyasining samaradorligini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.

General Description. Balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Balsaminaceae family, primarily growing in warm climates. This plant is widely used as an ornamental due to its bright and attractive flowers and is also famous for its medicinal properties. The flowers of this plant come in various colors, including pink, purple, red, white, and others. Due to its versatile properties, balsam is widely used not only for decoration but also for medicinal purposes.

The article focuses on the issues of the influence of professional reflection on the formation of professional motivation in future teachers. In particular, the analysis of scientific research conducted by world scientists on the manifestation of professional motivation in future teachers is described. At the same time, experimental work aimed at studying professional motivation in future teachers was carried out.

Ушбу мақолада Франция қонунчилигида фуқарони уйдан чиқариш (expulsion domiciliaire) масаласи ҳуқуқий нуқтаи назардан таҳлил қилинган. Мақолада уйдан чиқариш жараёнининг ҳуқуқий асослари, суд тартибидаги кўриб чиқилиши, ижтимоий ҳимоя воситалари ва инсон ҳуқуқларини муҳофаза қилиш механизмлари ёритилган. Шу билан бирга, уйдан чиқаришда мурожаат қилиш ҳуқуқи, “қишки мораторий” каби инсонпарварлик механизмлари ва ижтимоий адолат принципларига амал қилиш амалиёти таҳлил этилган. Франция тажрибаси асосида уй-жойдан маҳрум этиш муаммосига ҳуқуқий ва ижтимоий ёндашувнинг мувозанатини сақлаш муҳимлиги асосланган. Ушбу тадқиқот уй-жой ҳуқуқи соҳасидаги қонунчиликни такомиллаштириш ва аҳоли манфаатларини муҳофаза қилишга қаратилган илмий-амалий тавсияларни ўз ичига олади.