№ 10 (2025) Models and methods in modern science

Янги технологияларнинг ривожланиши ва ҳаётнинг барча жабҳаларининг глобаллашуви жиноятчиларга ўз фаолиятининг географик кўламини кенгайиб боришига олиб келмоқда, бу эса ўз навбатида  ҳуқуқни муҳофаза қилиш органларининг жиноятчиларни аниқлаш ва уларни ушлаб туриш, далилларни олиш борасидаги фаолиятини мураккаблаштиришга, яъни қийинлаштиришни юзага келтирмоқда.

Davlat boshqaruvi tizimida Adliya vazirligi va advokatura o‘rtasidagi aloqalar aynan huquqiy munosabatlar orqali amalga oshadi.

This article explores the political, military, cultural, and scientific contributions of Shahrukh Mirza, a prominent figure of the Timurid dynasty. It discusses his early life, involvement in Amir Timur’s campaigns, his accession to the throne, achievements in governance, foreign policy initiatives, and patronage of arts and sciences based on reliable historical sources. The article also provides insight into his death and the succession struggles that followed. It serves as a valuable historical and political resource for understanding the Timurid statehood.

This study investigates how intercultural pragmatics intersects with tourism-specific terminology, emphasizing the influence of culturally defined communicative norms on language use in tourism settings. Since tourism acts as a medium for global interaction, its terminology must cater to a wide range of pragmatic expectations. The paper examines key aspects such as speech acts, politeness norms, implied meanings, and the role of context in understanding tourism-related discourse across various cultures. By analyzing English, Uzbek, and Turkish tourism terminology, the study uncovers frequent pragmatic challenges and proposes strategies to enhance intercultural communication in tourism.

Ушбу мақолада Иккинчи жаҳон уруши даврида маҳаллий ва юртимизга кўчиб келган олимлар билан биргаликда олиб борилган тарихий тадқиқотлар, уларнинг натижалари, топиб ўрганилган археологик ёдгорликлар ҳақида маълумотлар берилади.

This article explores Turkish admonishments with a particular focus on the work “Pandnomayi Asri” by Asri Tabrizi, offering a detailed analysis and presenting selected excerpts from the text.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonlik o‘quvchilar uchun ingliz tilini o‘rganish jarayonida uchraydigan asosiy muammolar — fonetik farqlar, grammatik tushunmovchiliklar, so‘z boyligini faollashtirishdagi qiyinchiliklar, psixologik to‘siqlar va til muhiti yetishmasligi tahlil qilinadi. Muammolarning asosiy sabablari lingvistik, metodik va psixologik jihatlar bilan izohlanadi. Maqolada zamonaviy til o‘qitish nazariyalariga tayangan holda ilmiy asoslangan yechimlar taklif etiladi: shadowing, task-based learning, growth mindset, AI texnologiyalaridan foydalanish va multimodal yondashuvlar. Mazkur yondashuvlarning amaliyotga joriy etilishi ingliz tilini samarali va barqaror o‘rganish imkonini yaratadi.

This study explores the pragmatic features and contextual usage of emotional expressions in English and Uzbek languages. It investigates how emotion-laden language is shaped by social context, speaker intention, politeness strategies, and cultural expectations. Through qualitative analysis of naturally occurring conversations and written texts, the research identifies the pragmatic mechanisms used to express, mitigate, or conceal emotions. Findings reveal that emotional expression is not only culturally mediated but also context-dependent, affected by factors such as social distance, power relations, and formality. These insights highlight the importance of pragmatic competence in effective emotional communication across cultures.

Ushbu maqolada “Al-Hidoya” asarining yaratilishi va mazmun-mohiyati va huquqiy tadqiqot ishlarida o‘rganishdagi ahamiyati hamda asarning o‘ziga xos jihatlari yoritilgan.

In the context of modern educational reforms, developing the intellectual competence of future teachers is increasingly critical. Design thinking, an innovative pedagogical approach, has been shown to cultivate essential cognitive skills in learners. This article explores practical implementation of design thinking in teacher education and examines how these methods can enhance prospective teachers’ analytical, creative, and collaborative abilities. We situate our discussion in Uzbekistan’s educational context, where policy emphasizes modern teaching methods. Uzbekistan’s students scored significantly below the OECD average on PISA 2022 creative-thinking tests, highlighting a need for innovative pedagogy. Drawing on empirical studies, we find that integrating design-thinking activities (e.g. team-based projects, prototyping lessons) in teacher training yields improvements in critical thinking, empathy, and problem-solving among trainees. We conclude that adopting design thinking in teacher education can significantly boost intellectual competence among future teachers, aligning with national education goals in Uzbekistan.

Til va xalq ruhiyati, uning tarixi, madaniyati o‘rtasida mustahkam aloqalar mavjud. Shu jihatdan, toponimlar — ya’ni geografik obyektlarning nomlari — o‘zbek xalqining madaniy merosi, tarixiy tafakkuri, hayot tarzining muhim ko‘zgusidir. Har bir toponim (joy nomi) o‘z zamonasi, hududiy o‘ziga xoslik va til qonuniyatlaridan dalolat beradi.

The impact on the climate is increasing as a result of anthropogenic and technogenic factors. Due to the development of industry and the increase in motor transport, a large amount of carbon dioxide gases are being emitted into the atmosphere. In this article, the author discusses climate change and demographic problems.

Mazkur tezisda organik kimyo fanini o‘qitish jarayonida talabalarni kasbiy tayyorlashga yo‘naltirilgan metodologik yondashuvlar, fanlararo integratsiya, laboratoriya faoliyatining roli, zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari va nazariy bilimlarni amaliyotga tatbiq etish mexanizmlari yoritiladi. Ta’limning kompetensiyaviy yondashuv asosida tashkil etilishi orqali talabalarda kasbiy mas’uliyat, ilmiy tahliliy fikrlash va mustaqil ishlash ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi.

This paper examines the symbolic systems and visionary aesthetics in the poetry of T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound, two key figures of literary modernism. Through a comparative analysis of major works such as Eliot’s The Waste Land and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, and Pound’s The Cantos and In a Station of the Metro, the study investigates how each poet constructs meaning through metaphor, myth, and cultural allusion. While Eliot explores spiritual desolation and cultural decay through fragmented imagery, Pound develops an ideogrammic method rooted in historical and philosophical reconstruction. Their symbolic approaches reflect distinct worldviews but share a common modernist impulse to reframe reality through poetic innovation.

Ushbu maqolada ijodkor Shoira Shamsning “Samandar” devonida  qo‘llanilgan sinonimlar va ularning tuzilish jihatdan turlari haqida so‘z boradi. Maqolada devondagi sinonimlarning boshqa asarlarda qo‘llanilgan o‘rinlari taqqoslanib, farqli tomonlari to‘g‘risida bayon etiladi.

Obrаzli til vositаlаri nаfаqаt ingliz tilidа, bаlki dunyoning bаrсhа tillаridа hаr doim qo'llаniluvсhi аjoyib аloqа vositаsidir. Obrаzli til vositаlаri bizgа nutqdа ifodаlаmoqсhi bo'lgаn murаkkаb tа'riflаr yoki his-tuyg'ulаrni tеz vа sаmаrаli yеtkаzishgа yordаm bеrаdi. Ingliz tilidа obrаzli til vositаlаrini "nutq figurаlаri" dеb hаm аtаlаdi. Og'zаki nutqdа obrаzli til vositаlаridаn аuditoriyаni o'z fikrlаrimiz yoki mа'lumotlаrimizgа ishontirish, jаlb qilish vа ulаr bilаn o'zаro psixologik bog'liqlikni mustаhkаmlаsh uсhun ishlаtishimiz mumkin. Bаdiiy аdаbiyotdа еsа ushbu nutq figurаlаri o'quvсhilаrgа аsаr yoki hikoyаdаgi holаt vа hodisаlаrni yаnаdа yorqinroq tushuntirish uсhun foydаlаnilаdi. Ushbu obrаzli nutq figurаlаrini qo'llаsh vаqtidа shoir yoki yozuvсhilаrdаn yеtаrli dаrаjаdа еhtiyotkorlik tаlаb qilinаdi.

This research explores how machine translation tools and voice assistants reshape language use and communication patterns. While these technologies offer convenience and accessibility, they also introduce significant changes to how individuals structure language, interact, and acquire linguistic competence. Using theoretical insights and empirical observations, the paper analyzes both the linguistic and socio-communicative consequences of interacting with such technologies. The findings suggest a dual impact: improved access to multilingual communication alongside simplification of language, altered communication styles, and risks to linguistic expressiveness. The study emphasizes the need for responsible integration of AI-driven tools in daily communication to preserve linguistic richness.

This article explores the role and importance of "green" energy in modern power supply systems. It analyzes the role of renewable energy sources, in particular, such as solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy, in electricity generation. The article examines the advantages of "green" energy, including low environmental impact, energy resource sustainability, and economic efficiency. The prospects for the development of "green" energy in the Republic of Uzbekistan and existing problems will also be studied, and proposals for their elimination will be developed. The article is intended for specialists in the field of electric power engineering, researchers, and a wide range of readers interested in this topic.

The article deals with unusual and little-known holidays celebrated in different parts of the world. Special attention is paid to the unique cultural traditions of France, Spain, Mexico, China and Uzbekistan, reflecting the identity and worldview of the peoples of these countries. The historical roots, symbolism and forms of celebration are analyzed, as well as their role in preserving cultural identity. The material is of interest to ethnographers, culturologists and all those interested in international traditions.

В данной статье рассматривается значимость и роль исторических романов Валентина Пикуля в популяризации исторического знания среди молодежи. Несмотря на заметное снижение интереса к исторической литературе в последние десятилетия, произведения Пикуля продолжают сохранять свою популярность и актуальность. Статья анализирует влияние романов В. Пикуля на формирование интереса к историческому наследию и их вклад в образовательное развитие новых поколений. Автор исследует основные темы и мотивы, которые проявляются в творчестве Пикуля, включая ключевые исторические события, выдающиеся личности, политические интриги и социальные конфликты.

Транспорт воситалари ҳаракати ёки улардан фойдаланиш хавфсизлиги қоидаларини бузиш жиноятлари асосан эҳтиётсизлик натижасида юзага келади ва уни содир этган шахсларнинг хатти-ҳаракатларида олдиндан ўйланган мақсад ва  қасд аломатларининг деярли кузатилмаслиги, ушбу турдаги жиноятни содир этган шахсларга нисбатан ўзига хос ёндашувни талаб этади.

This article examines the importance and implementation of energy-saving technologies in the oil and gas production sector. As the industry faces increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and optimize operational efficiency, innovative solutions such as digitalization, automation, waste heat recovery, high-efficiency equipment, and integration with renewable energy sources have emerged as key strategies. These technologies not only lower energy consumption and operational costs but also contribute to environmental sustainability and long-term competitiveness. By adopting such energy-efficient methods, oil and gas companies can ensure more responsible resource usage while maintaining productivity and profitability.

Hozirgi paytda yengil atletikaning har xil turlari bilan nafaqat erkaklar, balki xotin-qizlar ham shug'ullanadi. Yurish, yugurish, sakrash, uloqtirish bo'yicha xotin -qizlar o'rtasida muntazam jahon chempionatlari o'tkazib kelinadi. Xotin-qizlar bilan ishlash trenerdan ayollar organizmi to'g'risida ma'lum bir bilimga ega bo'lishni taqozo etadi. Ayollar organizmining хususiyatlarini trenirovka jarayonini tuzishda hisobga olish juda muhimdir.

This article explores the interconnection between ecotourism and environmental conservation, focusing on both global practices and regional examples. It examines how ecotourism can serve as a tool for protecting natural ecosystems while contributing to the sustainable development of local communities. The paper identifies key challenges such as environmental degradation, lack of regulation, and over-tourism. At the same time, it highlights opportunities like community empowerment, biodiversity preservation, and climate change mitigation. Case studies from various countries, including Uzbekistan, are used to illustrate successful and problematic ecotourism models. The article concludes with recommendations to enhance the positive impact of ecotourism on environmental conservation..

This article presents data on the effects of applying the biostimulants “Uz Gumin” and “Fitovak” as well as the biopreparation “Yer Malhami” on the formation of leaf number in soybean plants of the “Nafis” (local) and “Vilana” (foreign) cultivars. Treatments were applied before sowing and during the budding, flowering, and pod formation stages. Field experiment results revealed that each biostimulant had a different level of impact on leaf organ formation. Notably, the application of “Yer Malhami” resulted in the formation of 36.7 leaves in the “Nafis” cultivar and 36.6 leaves in the “Vilana” cultivar during the pod formation stage, exceeding the control by 4.1 and 5.7 leaves, respectively. The application of  “Fitovak” during all three growth stages also demonstrated high effectiveness, significantly increasing the number of leaves.