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UDC 616-079.3:617.753.2
DEVELOPING VISITOR IN MYOPIA SCLEROMALACIA PREVENTION AND
COMPLEX APPROACH TO TREATMENT
Jaloliddinov Davronbek Lutfiddin ugli
Andijan State Medical Institute
Annotation
: A comprehensive approach to the prevention and treatment of scleromalacia,
one of the severe complications of myopia, requires various treatment methods. The course
of this disease complete clinical examination , optical correction , functional and medicine
therapy . Strong muscles and mi o pik eyes hemodynamics improving antioxidant and
vasoconstrictive to the effect local and systemic medicines about word was conducted .
Glasses with the help of of targeted optical correction modern methods , optical reflection to
make methods , locomotion system for exercises and in children , accommodation status,
different physical and in hardware techniques given . General physical activity , physical
exercises and of sport to the goal compatibility , especially open in air , but in conditions of
hypoxia to see organs condition with related known restrictions with is displayed . Complex
treatment modern approaches and main standards in "clinical recommendations". own on the
contrary found .
Key words :
myopia , functional treatment , antioxidant , accommodation .
It is known that myopia is the most common refractive pathology, its frequency in the lower
grades of school is 6-8%, and by the end of school, that is, by the age of 17, it is at least 25-
30% [1]. In gymnasiums and lyceums, this figure reaches 50%, which is associated with
even stronger and longer-term visual loads, prolonged computer work and frequent use of
other electronic devices [2]. The distribution of myopia in the world is uneven: the
maximum figures are observed in Southeast Asia: South Korea - 96.5% [3], China - 80% [4],
Singapore - 73.9% [5], Hong Kong - 61.5% [6]. The minimum rates of myopia in young
people are also observed in African countries - about 11% [7]. According to the forecast of
B. Holden et al., by 2050, 49.8% of the population will be farsighted, of which 9.8% will
have high myopia [8]. In an unfavorable course, myopia causes the development of retinal
pathology, which in severe cases leads to an irreversible decrease in corrected visual acuity
and visual disability in the workplace. Early acquired myopia, which occurs in preschool
children, usually has a particularly unfavorable prognosis [9]. In recent years, based on data
on the role of impaired accommodation in the genesis of myopia, methods have been
developed to prevent its development by influencing the accommodative apparatus of the
eye with the help of physical exercises and drugs [10-13]. Methods of drug action in myopia
The pathogenetic effect on the myopic process is provided by drugs that improve the ciliary
muscles and hemodynamics of the eye. Medicines that act on the ciliary muscles In foreign
literature, instillation of different concentrations of cholinolytic atropine is suggested for the
medical control of myopia. It is known that M-cholinolytics have a cycloplegic effect by
affecting the circular and meridional part of the ciliary muscle fibers - Brucke's and Müller's
muscles. Usually, drug treatment, including trophic agents that improve hemodynamics in
myopic eye tissues, are conducted at home 2 times a year [35-47]. Vitamin and mineral
complexes are widely used in the treatment of myopia. Lutein and zeaxanthin, carotenoids
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that form the basis of macular pigment, protect the eyes from optical and oxidative stress
characteristic of progressive myopia. According to various authors, these substances help to
improve the rheological properties of blood, because they reduce the tone of the vascular
wall and contribute to its strengthening. Beta-carotene cells reactive oxygen species and
free
radicals from the influence protection . It should be noted that the use of computer
bioelectric correction of the cortical activity of the visual analyzer with increased
progressive myopia is not recommended [36, 38, 66]. It is advisable to use this method for a
specific purpose - for the treatment of amblyopia. After such a training course, with
progressive myopia, it is possible to increase the level of accommodation and even develop
partial spasm of accommodation. The use of computer programs for the treatment of
amblyopia and other pleoptic methods for increased progressive myopia is not
recommended [35, 36, 38]. Such training enhances the dynamic refraction of the eye,
increases the usual accommodation and accommodation, and causes a faster progression of
myopia. General measures that limit the physical activity of people with myopia, as recently
recommended, are recognized as incorrect. On the contrary, the important role of physical
culture in the prevention of myopia and its development is shown, since physical exercises
contribute to the general strengthening of the div, the activation of its functions, the
improvement of the functioning of the ciliary muscles and the strengthening of the scleral
membrane of the eye. Special exercises are replaced by exercises to strengthen the muscles
of the back and neck, the anterior abdominal wall, as well as breathing exercises. Outdoor
games are an excellent means of training the div, improving the emotional state of the
players, as shown in a recent study. Morgan [69], such physical activity in the fresh air,
together with other medical means, makes a significant contribution to the prevention of the
occurrence and development of myopia. It is 15 мrecommended to conduct games with short
fast runs (10- ), passing and catching the ball, shooting at a wall or target. At the same time,
after performing cyclic exercises of considerable intensity (pulse 180 beats / min and above),
as well as gymnastic equipment, jumping rope, acrobatic exercises, pronounced ischemia of
the eye is noted, which lasts for a long time and is accompanied by a deterioration in the
functioning of the ciliary muscles. Currently, the degree of admission to various types of
sports for diseases of the organ of vision, in particular, refractive errors, has been determined
[71], which should be taken into account when giving individual recommendations to
children and adolescents with myopia.
In conclusion
, effective prevention of the
development of progressive myopia as a multifactorial ophthalmopathology requires an
integrated approach, including various methods of targeted therapy, functional effects and
drug therapy. Modern approaches and standards of complex treatment are reflected in the
clinical indications. When prescribing an adequate treatment complex, a separate approach
is necessary, taking into account the health of the child and the functional characteristics of
his visual organ, which will stop the development of myopia and prevent the development of
irreversible pathological changes in the fundus of myopic genesis.
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