No. 1 (2020) Society and innovations

The article presents the world forecast for the development of the heat and power industry for the production of heat and electricity. It is noted that the increase in the production of types of energy is associated not only with an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels, but also with the deterioration of the environmental situation. Taking into account the foreign experience of using solar installations producing thermal energy and favorable climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the prospects of using solar air heaters for heating existing residential buildings were discussed. providing residential buildings and drying plants with heat energy without expensive constructive and technological solutions, as well as carrying out rapid heating of premises. Such a collector, despite the fact that the air has a lower heat capacity, can provide an even distribution of heat, it is well regulated both in temperature and in the amount of air supplied. In addition, collectors operating under natural convection conditions can be successfully combined with a traditional heating system.

At the same time, the article also shows a positive experience of using air heaters in drying technology. In particular, an industrial prototype of a solar air heater was used to dry the windings of transformers used in pumping stations of irrigation systems for the water sector of the Republic. It is shown that the use of air heaters allows saving not only significant fuel, energy and monetary resources, but also strengthening the energy security of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

SUMMARY

On the article "The role of solar heaters in the thermal energy industry and the prospects for their development in the Republic of Uzbekistan"

The article discusses the use of solar heaters in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan during the heating season to support traditional heating systems.

As is well known, solar energy is the most prepared form of all existing alternative energy sources, which can be used, partial and in some cases completely, as a replacement to the heating system in the residential or public buildings. More acceptable devices that provide this heating can be considered solar air heaters.

Such a collector, despite air’s low heat capacity, can provide an even distribution of heat, well-regulated both by temperature and by the amount of air supplied. The Republic of Uzbekistan is in a favorable geographical area for such collector because solar energy in the country can be practically used for 10 months of the year, of course, considering the variable nature of solar insolation. 

The author of the article shows that with the volume of housing stock of Uzbekistan at 507,5 million m2 (private housing fund is 504,1 million m2 as of January 1, 2018), 4 months’ heating cost during the heating season can make up 4,6 trillion soums.

Preliminary calculations show that the use of solar air heaters in buildings heating systems, at least as an auxiliary source of thermal energy, provides significant savings in natural gas.

For example, during the coldest months in the country – December and January- the savings can comprise 0,26 to 0,23 trillion soums. The article presents an experimental sample of the solar air heater, as well as describes the positive results of using solar air heaters for drying transformer windings.

In the paper are discussed questions of the search entomopathological fungi revealed from amazed worms of a cottonous columbine borer on sowings of a cotton plant and vegetable cultures is discussed. 20 species entomopathological fungi from 12 genuses, 3 families of fungi are as a result evolved. Revealed virulence of mycobiota has been checked. 

From the presented data follows that percent of a lesion of worms wax ask in experience at artificial inoculation fluctuates in limens from 2 to 25 %. It is noticed that the destructionof worms in flow of 20 days was marked only in a case with strains of kinds Aspergillus fumigates (4 % - 2 worms were lost), Aspergillus flavus, Trichotecium roseum, Spicaria heliothis and Fusarium lateritium have invoked destruction of 2 %, (1 lost hexapod).

On the basis of the received data the conclusion has been drawn that the revealed kinds to some extent possess defined энтомопатогенными properties, but the yielded strains in a kind of weak virulence for hexapods cannot be applied in the practical purposes.

SUMMARY

In the general agricultural practice of cotton growing, the plants protection from harmful organisms is of particular importance. In the absence of measures against pests, crop losses can be 30% or more.

Cotton and tomatoes are susceptible to colonization of many harmful insects. In Uzbekistan, one of the main pests of cotton and tomatoes is the cotton bollworm. The biology of the cotton bollworm and its moth is currently well studied however, the pathogens of the moth’s disease have not been studied previously.

In the fight against the cotton bollworm of tomatoes that damage the harvest, together with agricultural and chemical measures and methods of biological control are now increasingly have being used. Currently, a significant role in plant protection belongs to the biological method of control, which is a powerful factor in increasing yields and product quality, reducing the use of pesticides and preventing environmental pollution with pesticides. The essence of the biological method consists in the purposeful use of antagonists which have developed in nature between pests of agricultural crops, their parasites and predators, as well as entomopathogens - pathogens of bacterial, fungal and viral pest diseases.

Many researchers have paid attention to the possibility of using entomopathogenic fungi. However, the existing requirements are forcing local specialists and scientists to continue the development, selection and implementation of new highly effective measures that best meet modern environmental requirements.

Entomopathogenic fungi attract the attention of specialists due to their possible use as a means of suppressing the pest population. Theoretically, they can influence pest populations, are able to reduce their numbers, and therefore are promising in biological pest control. In agricultural practice, about 40 drugs are used based on the use of the entomopathogenic properties of microorganisms (Kholmuradov et al., 2011). Due to the high severity of insect pests, great attention is paid to the selection and selection of highly active entomopathogenic microorganisms.

In Uzbekistan, the problem of the possibility of using entomopathogenic microorganisms was dealt with by such scientists as P.N. Golovin, who proposed using fungi to combat the comstock worm, who identified 19 species from 10 genera hyphal fungi and recommended the identified strains of the species Ashersonia placenta B. et Br. to combat greenhouse whitefly. The causative agents of locust diseases were studied by F. Gaffarov and N.Kh. Tufliev (2012). Also, the significance of this group of micromycetes was analyzed by professor A.Sh. Khamraev. Based on the main focus of our work is to study of hyphalic fungi in Uzbekistan, in this publication, we were interested primarily of  entomopathogenic hyphalic fungi.

The history of all societies is associated with human activity, his economic and cultural needs, therefore, activity and needs as vital qualities of people are widely reflected in their interaction with nature and the environment. In the process of labor and production, nature is the main object of human activity, and certain economic and cultural types have developed in different geographic conditions. This law of historical and cultural development is confirmed by the example of the history of the Bronze Age in Central Asia.

In the Bronze Age, among the population living on the territory of the steppes, the socio-economic system was preserved, characteristic of the tribal communities of cattle-breeding tribes, which were at the stage of decomposition of primitive communal relations. In Central Asia at this time, the process of allocation of historical and cultural regions and ethnic territories was noted.

This article is dedicated to analysis of features of historical and cultural development of Central Asian population in different geographical conditions. The main attention is paid to the fact that the history of economic-cultural types and their development is connected with geographical atmosphere.

The article deals with functioning of financial market as an effective mechanism for accumulation and redistribution of financial resources on competitive basis between countries, regions, and industries. The analysis of financial market of Uzbekistan, its state and existing problems, strategy of its reforming in order to rationalize distribution of capital in economy, expand opportunities and increase the effectiveness of monetary policy of the country is carried out.

SUMMARY

A redistribution of financial resources between economic entities that have temporarily available funds and are experiencing a shortage of them is carried out with the help of efficiently functioning financial system in market economy.

A financial system can be defined as financial relations acting in the form of interrelated categories, links and spheres that distribute and use financial resources of organizations, households, state, as well as special financial institutions.

A financial system is also a collection of financial markets, institutions and instruments used to carry out financial transactions by economic entities. An independent movement of money takes place in financial market regardless of movement of goods and services.

Financial market is an essential tool for existing any state. It can be compared to human circulatory system. If there is no money movement than there is no economy. Financial market, in its economic essence, is a kind of mechanism for collection and redistribution of financial resources on competitive basis between countries, regions, industries and institutional units.

The article substantiates the assessment methods, social factors, the taxation procedure and the conditions for the organization and features of the transfer of land as property to individuals and legal entities, and also the mechanisms for reforming the land use system based on sublease of land in farms, temporary use of a land plot or part of a dekhkan farm and the owner of the household land. Proposals have been developed to improve the economic and legal state of agricultural land use by introducing amendments and additions to the laws, substantiating the procedure for transferring the right of life-long inherited ownership of a land plot of a dekhkan farm and the owner of a household land as collateral for obtaining a bank loan.

SUMMARY

Today the world land fund is 13.4 billion ha, and only 1.5 billion ha, i.e. 11% of the land is economically favorable for agricultural production.  Their quantity and quality is decreasing from year to year. The volume of cultivated land per capita is being reduced noticeably, the smallest amount of land is in China (0.09 ha) and Egypt (0.05 ha), in Uzbekistan over the past 25 years the area of irrigated crops per capita has decreased from 0.22 ha to 0.11 ha. Therefore, the main problem of the world land fund is reforming the land use system. In this regard, the implementation of Uzbekistan into the documents of such international organizations as the UN, UNESCO, FAO and the effective use of their capabilities is of current importance.

Deficiencies in land use management, incomplete formation of the economic mechanism, to a certain extent has led to unsystematic agricultural land use, serious degradation of land resources. The economic content of the right to land lease is unclear, there is no market value of land, the single land tax does not play a stimulating role in land use. Today in the agriculture of the republic there are 0.02% of the worst lands, 17.9% of the lands below the average, 53.0% of the average, 27.0% of the good and only 2.0% of the very good lands. About 9% of the land fund of Uzbekistan is sown areas, and irrigated lands - 7.5%. Today, there are an average of 7.1 people per hectare of irrigated land, this is the result of rapid population growth rates relative to the area of irrigated land, one person employed in the country's agriculture provides 12 people with food. This indicator in developed countries is 6-8 times higher.

In our opinion, issues related to the quality and cost assessment of land, their accounting and protection in dekhkan and household farms; cluster land use of farms, household and dekhkan farms; the introduction of a sublease form of land use by farms and the transfer of land for temporary use of household and dekhkan farms , while maintaining the inherited right of lifetime ownership of these lands; the introduction of a mechanism for providing by household and dekhkan farms the right of lifetime ownership of land for obtaining a bank  loan; the creation of methodological and practical foundations for the privatization of land, investment, mortgage lending of this process; the development and implementation models of regulation of the land market by the state, “The National Concept for Reforming the Land Use System”, the draft Land Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the new edition, draft laws “On land management”, “On the use of land for agricultural purposes”, “On the acquisition of state land property”, “On soil fertility”, “On land assessment” should find their solution as one of the priority tasks of reforming the land use system in the future.

The article analyzes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on employment and income of population.  State anti-crisis policy is considered on the example of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which provides for macroeconomic and monetary regulation of national economy, direct financial support for enterprises and entrepreneurs, credit breaks and holidays for legal entities and individuals, organization of public works and charitable events for the unemployed.

SUMMARY

The COVID-19 pandemic has plunged the world into the most serious humanitarian, economic and social crisis of our time. It has had a particularly devastating impact on the sphere of labor, causing tremendous human suffering and exposing the extreme vulnerability of many millions of workers and businesses. According to the latest estimates of the International Labor Organization (ILO), working hours worldwide in second quarter of this year decreased by 10.7% after massive closures of factories around the world in the condition of the COVID-19 pandemic. It means a loss of 305 million jobs based on 48-hour workweek.

The activities of large and small enterprises have been suspended, working hours have been reduced, and personnel are being dismissed. The closure of shopping centers and restaurants, the cancellation of flights and hotel reservations, transition of businesses to remote work puts many of them into collapse. At the same time, the first to lose their jobs were those for whom it was not stable anyway: salespeople, waiters, kitchen staff, loaders, cleaners.

The latest figures of the International Labor Organization (ILO) show that devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is destroying incomes of people who work in informal economy and hundreds of millions of businesses. The workers of shadow sector were the first to be hit. There are 1.6 billion of them - almost half of the world's workforce.

Uzbekistan has significantly increased its international reserves. As a result, the reserve adequacy ratio has become much higher than recommended by the international organizations. This, in turn, raise question on practicability of using excessive reserves for infrastructure projects. Analysis of possible opportunities and risks of using international reserves shows that Uzbekistan is keeping the right strategy on accumulation reserves

The article examines theory and practice of the issue of the culture of using the Internet in dissemination of mass information. The creation of an international code of the Internet user is proposed.

SUMMARY

What is information? What role does it play in the life of the person? It is important to understand this point. Information is as crucial to him as food. It forms his second, spiritual life. There can be no social personality without social information. And a person is, first of all, a social being.

There are four links in communication process: source - information - channel - audience. In this article, we will consider all four parts with a special emphasis on the third one, the channel.

First of all, it is necessary that there is information itself, i.e. have something to say to others. It is a spiritual component that unites people. Secondly, there must be a desire to tell someone it. People often cannot keep any information in themselves and, like the legend of King Midas, feel an urgent need to tell someone it. Thirdly, there will always be people willing to listen to it. The need for information is an inescapable state of a person. Moreover, its absence can lead a person to moral degradation. No wonder one of the most difficult tests for astronauts is sensory deprivation, and in order to become applicants, one must pass this difficult exam. Sensory deprivation is an ability to survive a complete (emphasize - complete) lack of information for as long as possible or simply not to be moved by it. It is not as easy for a person as it seems at the first glance when there is absolutely no information. A complete lack of information seems to be a rest only in first minutes and hours - from the wife, mother-in-law, neighbor and friend. In a day or two person in this state, will feel anxiety and after another three or four days, irreversible changes may begin in his psyche. Hence there is a conclusion - the need for information is one of the most important qualities of an individual. Only thanks to it he preserves himself as a person.

Another link is information channel. This channel will be information space of the Internet in our dimension. It is a new and most important modern dimension of the global communication network. Finally, it is necessary to respect mass media as a value, sociological category, i.e. t is necessary to appreciate educational, pedagogical, aesthetic value of information.

The article analyzes the issues of improving constitutional control, ways to increase its effectiveness. The subject of the research is the legislative foundations of constitutional justice in Uzbekistan.

The essence of the institution of constitutional control, legal mechanisms of the implementation of constitutional control are considered. The disadvantages and problems of the implementation of constitutional control in the country are indicated.

It is shown that in Uzbekistan constitutional control is carried out according to the European model of constitutional justice. To date, the institution of constitutional review needs further improvement of its mechanism.

In order to analyze the current state, the author briefly shows the formation of constitutional control. Analysis of the current state of constitutional review allows us to note the following. The control carried out by the Constitutional Court needs to improve its legal framework and the practice of exercising constitutional control. The absence of the institution of constitutional complaint makes constitutional review ineffective.

The issues of introducing the institution of constitutional complaint, granting citizens and legal entities the right to apply to the Constitutional Court were considered. The author claims that when introducing a constitutional complaint, the analysis of the experience of foreign countries is especially relevant.

The article describes the features of the application of a constitutional complaint. In particular, it is proposed that the appeal of citizens is permissible provided that the constitutional rights of citizens are violated by the law, which is applied in a specific case, the consideration of which in court has been completed. Introduce a procedure for preliminary study of the appeal of citizens and legal entities; set a specific time limit for filing a constitutional complaint. It is proposed to abandon the practice of initiating questions by judges of the Constitutional Court, as well as to endow the structural divisions of the apparatus of the Constitutional Court with the right to preliminary analysis of applications received from citizens and legal entities, to verify their compliance with the requirements of the legislation. All this is aimed at improving constitutional control, increasing its effectiveness in ensuring constitutional legality in the country and protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens.

Thus, the adoption of the Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan" in the new edition will serve to strengthen constitutional control, strengthen constitutional legality in the country, improve constitutional proceedings and, ultimately, effectively protect the rights and freedoms of citizens guaranteed by the Constitution of the country.

In conclusion, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of constitutional control, proposals for improving constitutional control, for introducing a constitutional complaint, criteria for the admissibility of citizens' appeals are given.

The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.

With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases.

In the markets of goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing. It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.

The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects. Based on the methods of a comparative study, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.

It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.

SUMMARY

The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.

With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases. In the markets for goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing.

It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.

In order to eradicate corruption in all spheres of society, Uzbekistan is improving the appropriate legal, institutional and organizational measures. The Law "On Combating Corruption" adopted on the initiative of the President of Uzbekistan dated 03.01.2017. In addition to measures to prevent corruption in the field of public administration, he identified as measures to prevent corruption in the field of socio-economic development and entrepreneurship:

elimination of administrative and bureaucratic barriers, simplification and increase in the efficiency of registration, permitting and licensing procedures;

optimization of the control and supervisory functions of state bodies, improvement of the system of inspections of the activities of business entities, prevention of illegal interference in their activities;

widespread introduction of remote forms of relationships between government bodies and business entities;

creating equal conditions for doing business and preventing unfair competition;

introduction of effective legal mechanisms for public procurement, ensuring publicity, transparency and maintaining a competitive environment in the placement of public procurement;

creation of fair conditions and equal opportunities for the population in the field of education, health care, social security, public services and other areas of social and economic development, prevention of corruption offenses;

introduction of effective anti-corruption mechanisms in non-governmental organizations, etc.

The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects.

On the basis of comparative research methods, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.

In order to improve the efficiency of the anti-corruption system, create the most favorable business climate, promote a positive image of the country in the international arena, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to further improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-5729 dated 05/27/2019. the State Anti-Corruption Program for 2019-2020 was approved, which provided for strengthening anti-corruption measures in organizations with a state share in the authorized capital by: introducing a system of anti-corruption “compliance control” and monitoring its effectiveness, еnsuring internal order in accordance with the relevant anti-corruption standard (ISO 37001), as well as introducing special anti-corruption measures in the private sector, ensuring strict measures and control procedures, ensuring strict ethical rules when participating in public procurement, encouraging collective anti-corruption actions of businesses.

In order to improve the investment attractiveness and strengthen the image of our country in the international arena, introduce new mechanisms for working with ratings and indices in state bodies and organizations, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in international ratings and indices, as well as introducing a new mechanism of systematic work with them in government agencies and organizations ”No. UP-6003 dated 02.06.2020. the Republican Council for work with international ratings and indices was created.

Republican Council for improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices 06/13/2020 the program of measures to improve the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices was approved.

In order to increase the effectiveness of state policy aimed at preventing and combating corruption in all spheres of society and the state 29.06. In 2020, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On additional measures to improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-6013 was adopted

In accordance with the Decree, the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the National Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Combating Corruption were created.

It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.

The article examines international standards and the experience of foreign countries in the field of initiating disciplinary proceedings in relation to judges. Besides, the issues of the implementation of international standards of disciplinary responsibility of judges in the national legislation of Uzbekistan are analyzed.

The article deals with the relevance of human biometric parameters almost in all spheres of social life. Human biometrics is used in the notary, banking and control management access systems. The biometric identifiers used in the system of criminal records are analyzed. The opinions and views of forensic scientists on the choice of optimal biometric parameters are considered. Genotypic and phonoscopic types of registration is proposed to use in forensic registration system, along with fingerprinting and portrait registration in the paper. The advanced foreign experience of using biometric databases in China, Argentina, South Korea, the countries of the European Union, and the USA is highlighted. The author developed proposals on integration of all automated biometric systems, maximum coverage of population and exchange of biometric data, persons on the wanted list, who committed especially serious crimes. Solution of the problem connected with increasing the efficiency of the use of multibiometric records for the detection and investigation of crimes, an integrated approach is required that provides for organizational, methodological and legal aspects. In introducing biometric systems particular importance takes the issues of provideing protection of personal data during their receipt, processing, storage and their usage.

The article analyzes tasks of simplified proceedings. The forms of simplified proceedings are considered as "summary proceedings" (England), "plea bargaining" (USA), "conditional refusal to initiate criminal prosecution", "criminal order" (France), "expedited proceedings"(Germany). The ways of implementation in domestic legislation have been developed and proposed based on the results of studying models of simplified legal proceedings.

SUMMARY

One of serious problems for each state is to ensure the promptness of criminal proceedings regardless of legal system in which it operates. Attention has recently been drawn to the need of introduction of simplified procedure among the ways to increase efficiency.

Discussion at the XII UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (El Salvador, Brazil, April 12-19, 2010) about the concept of simplified (accelerated) criminal justice showed that improving the fight against crime in modern conditions requires taking into account a wide range of factors. Issues negatively affecting its condition included ineffective and protracted investigations, limited use of pretrial detention clauses, ineffective case management, limited resources from prosecutors and judiciary and their insufficient use.

According to the UN, summary proceedings are simplified procedure that expedites court proceedings in order to make criminal justice system more efficient and minimize costs. In general, summary judgment is used in lower courts, usually for less serious criminal offenses, and is an expedited procedure in which certain formal procedures are not required or simplified.

With this article, the author continues the cycle of his scientific publications dedicated to the study of the structure of criminal procedural evidence. Based on the arguments presented, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to partially revise his previous position, which implies the consideration of the categories of “collecting evidence” and “forming evidence” as two autonomous ways of carrying out the first stage of proof.

Instead, the author proposes to attach a somewhat conditional meaning to the category of “collection of evidence”, understanding by it any forms of behavior of participants in criminal proceedings aimed at obtaining and subsequent proceduralization of useful information.

SUMMARY

In this article, the author continues the series of scientific publications devoted to the study of the problems of collecting evidence as a cumulative stage of the work of the preliminary investigation bodies and the court with evidentiary materials in a criminal case. Moreover, these issues are considered in the context of a comparative analysis of the criminal procedure legislation of two sovereign states that emerged in the post  Soviet space – Russia and Uzbekistan.  In the first half of the article, the author introduces potential readers to his previous scientific positions on the essence of collecting evidence in criminal proceedings. And in the second part of the article, we consider the reasons that prompted a partial revision and rethinking of their previous positions. Based on these arguments, the author suggests that in the future the category "evidence collection" should be given a somewhat conditional meaning and that it should be understood as any form of behavior of participants in criminal proceedings aimed at obtaining and subsequent processing of useful information. The author believes that collection of evidence may be carried out through the implementation of two autonomous procedural mechanisms: a) formation of evidence, involving the creation (as the birth) of new educational resources through the procedural forms, i.e. through production in accordance with the CPC proceedings, consists in the perception of (study) the inquirer, investigator, court, as well as expert useful information and its transformation, transformation to the appropriate readings, expert opinions and results (protocols) of non-verbal investigative and judicial actions (and for the Uzbek criminal process-also audio, video and film recording materials that are Autonomous means of proof); b) attaching evidence to the materials of a criminal case that involves obtaining by presenting, requesting or withdrawing various items and documents, as well as their subsequent recognition as material evidence, other documents, expert opinions, results of operational search activities and administrative activities on the basis of a special state authority act of the body of inquiry, preliminary investigation or court, which gives them legal force and determines whether they can be used to justify law enforcement decisions.

This article analyzes the determinants of crimes in the field of information technology and security. Based on the study of foreign experience and scientific and theoretical views, the causes and conditions of cybercrime, the identity of the criminal were investigated. Based on the results of the analysis, relevant conclusions were drawn and proposals were developed.

The article is devoted to improving legal policy implemented by the state in the Republic of Uzbekistan taking into account the peculiarities of introduction and development of information and communication technologies (ICT) for regulating public relations in era of economy digitalization. The significance of the development and use of new scientific methodology in implementation of lawmaking activity through the application of interdisciplinary approach in solving the problems of information sphere is substantiated.

Based on the study of the norms of administrative law, the opinions of domestic and foreign scientists, the article analyzes the system of administrative legislation during the period of reforms being carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan, studies the relationship between public administration and state power, and also identifies the prospects for its development

The article analyses the current state of the art and the importance of the forensic characteristic in ensuring the recording of road traffic accidents and the resolution of the problems that arise in connection with the procedure and the method of carrying out the auto-technical procedure, Trace and other examinations. The opinions of domestic and foreign scientists on the role of the forensic characteristic in the detection and investigation of road traffic offences are considered, and proposals are being made to improve the mechanism of forensic support for road traffic fixingtraffic accidents. The main purpose of the article is the legal and law-enforcement analysis of the criminality characteristic in the system for ensuring the recording of a traffic accident in the criminal sphereProcedural and forensic techniques and tactics for investigating this type of crime. The main content of the problems examined in this article is the consideration of the features of the use of the forensic characteristic in the process of securing the recording of an accident. Such a view would be of interest to experts studying the importance of forensic characteristics as the basis for forensic support for the recording of road traffic crashes. As a research task, the author identified ways of improving the methodology and tactics for applying the rules of forensic characterization in the algorithm of the activities of the person conducting the initial inquiry, the investigator and the bodies conducting the initial inquiry and the operationalSearch activities to ensure the recording of road traffic accidents. Drawing on the practical experience of experts and expert institutions using the tactical features of the forensic characteristic in the assignment and conduct of forensic examinations, Proposals have been drawn up to improve the methods of their production and the use of forensic expertise. The author of this article has identified promising ways of using innovative information and communication technologies in improving forensic support for the recording of road traffic accidents on the basis of modern forensic techniques, Tactics, forensic examinations, the benefits of automation and programming of investigative and expert activities and the broad participation of specialists in them. The conclusion discusses the place and importance of the forensic profile in the field in question, and elaborates and makes suggestions and recommendations for the development of law enforcement and the improvement of the criminal justice systemProcedural rules governing the criminally enforced recording of an accident.

The article analyzes the role of the principle of the closest connection principle in the regulation of relations of international private law character, the nature of this principle as both a collision principle and a collision binding. The scope of application of the closest connection principle is highlighted as a collision binding and as a trend observed today. The value of this principle in improving international private law and its role in law-making is revealed

This article is devoted to the analysis of problems of banking legislation, regulation of banking services. Based on the study of foreign experience and scientific and theoretical views, ways to improve legislation in the field of regulation of banking services were investigated. Based on the results of the analysis, relevant conclusions were drawn and proposals were developed for the current legislation.

The article analyzes the present state of the Institutionof advocacy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It provides an investigation of existing problems, without which it is impossible to further reform the advocacy. The article presents the author's classification of development stages of the advocacy as well as the development prospects and directions. Moreover,the article focuses on the thorough study of the results of a sociological survey conducted among lawyers and students, contributing to identify problems in the field of advocacy and form ground proposals for their elimination

The purpose of the article is to review and analyze the measures taken to prevent violence against women in Uzbekistan. The author gives a detailed overview of regulatory legal acts, a thorough analysis of their provisions, basic concepts, as well as mechanisms for their implementation. The author concludes that the more a woman is protected from violence, the better her living conditions. The level of violence against women is one of the indicators that can be used to judge the level of well-being of women. The author considers the elimination of violence against women as the most important factor in improving the position of women in society.

The article aims to highlight the scientific and practical significance of preventive strategies and tactics in the prevention of offenses. For this purpose, the concepts of strategy and tactics of profiling offenses, their specific features, goals and objectives were scientifically analyzed, and the essence was revealed. One of the first in this direction were developed author's definitions of the concepts of strategy and tactics of crime prevention, put forward scientific conclusions, suggestions and recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the role of prevention strategies and tactics of crime prevention in the future

Current epidemiological situation in morbidity and mortality in the world is characterized in the article, main social and economic indicators supporting spread of infectious agents are presented, principles, concepts and main provisions of WHO Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and three stages of EPI are presented. Topical issues of specific protection (vaccination) are highlighted, missed opportunities and ways to overcome them are shown. Attention is drawn to three main sources of evolutionary formation of human infectious diseases and various points of view concerning causes and mechanisms of evolutionary transformation by changing mechanism of transmission of microorganisms to the main host - microorganism are discussed.

SUMMARY

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every year about 2 billion people fall ill with infectious diseases in the world. At the same time, infectious diseases account for almost 25% of all deaths, and in developing countries this figure reaches up to 45%. Thus, infectious diseases remain one of leading causes of death in the world. According to the WHO, out of about 50% of million people, 16-17 million die from infection and only 10 million from cardiovascular diseases. Out of 10 main causes of death on earth, 7 are somehow associated with infectious diseases.

The article briefly describes the history of development of the Uzbek national makom art. The main historical genre directions are listed: Bukhara Shashmakom, Six and a half makoms and Dutar makoms of Khorezm, Ferghana-Tashkent makom melodies, Uzbek Shashmakom. The works of medieval scientists and thinkers in the field of music, which in general made a huge contribution to the development of the Golden age of «Eastern Civilization» and modern Uzbek national musical art, are studied.