No. 1 (2020) Society and innovations

This article examines the place and role of analysis in the road safety system, from the point of view of the basis for making management decisions. The types of analysis of road traffic accidents are highlighted, and indicators of accidents are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. It is noted that the comparison method is used as the main method for analyzing accidents, for the use of which it is necessary to clearly understand which objects, processes, factors should be compared with each other, according to what characteristics, properties, indicators a comparison should be made, what specific calculation procedure should be put into basis of comparison. Special attention should be paid to the study and comparison of the dynamics of change in accident rate indicators, which is the most common method of analysis, both absolute indicators and any specific and relative indicators. There are several main methods for studying and comparing the dynamics of changes in the state of accidents, which can be effectively used to assess the results of activities to ensure road safety, identify unfavorable trends, and also serve as the basis for further analysis aimed at clarifying the reasons for these unfavorable changes in order to necessary preventive measures. A method for analyzing road traffic situations is considered, which makes it possible to form the ability to predict the development of events on the roads, as well as designed to prevent road traffic accidents.

The methods of dealing with cybercrime and factors for achieving a positive result are considered in the article, in order to analyse the current state of cybercrime. The author, pointing out the problems, faced by investigators in the investigation of cybercrimes, comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve this law enforcement activity. Particular attention is paid to a comprehensive study of problems relating to criminal-legal qualification, criminal-procedure procedures for conducting investigations, forensic techniques and tactics, intelligence-gathering and international cooperation. All this is aimed at optimizing the mechanism for conducting investigative, procedural and investigative actions to detect, record and verify digital evidence electronically. This work highlights and describes the salient features of the study of scientific, theoretical and practical problems relating to the law enforcement activities of officials of State investigative bodies, criminal investigation agencies, experts and specialists, those responsible for detecting and investigating cybercrime. The article clarifies the characteristics of the target of the attack, as expressed in the information stored on the technical media of information systems and transmitted through the communication channels of the global Internet. The author generalizes the material on the subject under study and introduces the term «investigation technology», which most fully reflects the complex mechanism, the intersectoral approach (criminal law, criminal procedure, forensics, investigative activities, forensic expertise, international criminal law, legal psychology, etc.) in the procedure of pre-trial criminal proceedings in criminal cases involving offences committed in cyberspace. The views of domestic and foreign scientists on the criminal, criminological, forensic, intelligence and international legal characteristics of cybercrime are presented. Considerable attention is paid to the subjective and objective factors contributing to the commission of the criminal acts in question, and examples are given of the most common types. The conclusion contains a list of the causes that contribute to the commission of these crimes and author’s proposals to improve the algorithm of law enforcement in the detection and investigation of cybercrime

This article reveals the application of the basics of rehabilitation in the criminal procedure, the correct interpretation of their essence by practical staff and, most importantly, the differences between these bases by revealing the essence of the basics of rehabilitation based on the analysis of existing regulations and judicial-investigation activities, as well as developed proposals and recommendations to improve the procedural order of acquittal of innocent persons and restoration of their violated rights are made.

The article also focuses on finding solutions, taking into account that judicial-investigation staff make various mistakes in distinguishing and applying the basics of rehabilitation in their activities, and that the theory of criminal procedural law is still controversial issue in this regard.