№ 9 (2025) Models and methods in modern science

This article analyzes the issue of the harmonious formation of moral values ​​and life competencies in young children from a pedagogical point of view. The author shows the role and importance of the family environment, the personal example of the educator, the moral environment created in educational institutions in the development of children as individuals. Also, effective methods of developing life competencies - namely, skills such as communication, problem solving, independent thinking - in children in harmony with moral values ​​are analyzed.

This article explores the importance of music education in the development of preschool children, its impact on cognitive, socio-emotional and physical development. Effective methods and approaches to music education have been considered based on the analysis of existing scientific literature.

This article discusses the issues of forming and developing performance style skills in the process of playing an instrument, in particular, in playing the accordion. Performance style is a harmonious manifestation of the performer's technical skills, means of expression, individual approach to the text of the work, and aesthetic taste. The study analyzes the role of technical and expressive means inherent in accordion performance, including notation, register change, dynamic transitions, legato and staccato methods. The article also provides methodological recommendations for forming a performance style based on the musical analysis of accordion works. Pedagogical methods aimed at developing the student's individual creativity, conscious understanding of musical expression, and ensuring freedom on stage are of great importance in the approach. The results of the study serve to effectively organize practical classes in accordion performance and improve the professional training of students.

Мақолада  ўзбек адабиёти намояндаларидан бири бўлган Муҳаммадшариф Гулханий  ижодида қуш  образи  орқали ифодаланган ижтимоий-фалсафий, маиший-ахлоқий  воқеа-ҳодисалар  талқин ва  тадқиқ этилган.

Ushbu maqolada koreys doramalaridan til o‘rgatish vositasi sifatida foydalanishning afzalliklari va metodik imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Doramalar o‘zining real kommunikativ vaziyatlarga boy mazmuni, madaniy konteksti va tabiiy til uslubi bilan koreys tilini o‘rganayotgan talabalar uchun boy til materiali sifatida xizmat qiladi. Maqolada dars jarayonida doramalardan samarali foydalanish usullari, ularning so‘z boyligini kengaytirish, talaffuzni yaxshilash va madaniy bilimlarni oshirishdagi roli ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, doramalarning interaktiv topshiriqlar bilan birgalikda qo‘llanilishi orqali talabalar motivatsiyasi va tilga bo‘lgan qiziqishini oshirish imkoniyati ham yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada evolutsion biologiyaning asosiy tamoyillari va biologik xilma-xillikni shakllantiruvchi evolutsion omillar tahlil qilinadi. Evolutsion xilma-xillikni baholashda qo‘llaniladigan metodlar, xususan filogenetik xilma-xillik, genetik masofa va turli statistik ko‘rsatkichlar haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Shuningdek, biologik resurslarni saqlab qolish va tabiiy ekotizimlar barqarorligini ta’minlashda ushbu yondashuvlarning ahamiyati yoritiladi.

Currently, the concept of organ culture in the laboratory and bio-organs is gaining great importance in the field of medicine and biotechnology. This article analyzes the fundamentals of the technology of growing organ cells in a nutrient medium using cancer cells, its molecular mechanisms and practical applications. Cancer cells, with their rapid growth and development properties, offer new opportunities for creating organoid models. The article discusses the high-quality cultivation of bio-organs by modifying the nutrient medium of cells, signaling pathways, and controlling the plant environment in bioreactors. At the same time, the use of cancer cells in organoid models for drug testing and regenerative medicine is also discussed. The article summarizes modern scientific research and innovations in the field of bio-organoids, revealing future scientific and clinical opportunities.

Mazkur maqolada kompyuter dasturlarining intellektual mulk obyekti sifatidagi huquqiy maqomi va ularni himoya qilish prinsiplari tahlil qilingan. Muallif dasturlarni adabiy asar sifatida mualliflik huquqi bilan himoya qilish zarurligini xalqaro va milliy qonunchilik asosida asoslab bergan. Shuningdek, patent huquqi va tijorat siri kabi muqobil himoya usullari, interfeys va algoritmlarning huquqiy holati, shaxsiy va mulkiy huquqlar, hududiylik va muddatlilik prinsiplari yoritilgan. Maqolada amaliy muammolar bilan bir qatorda nazariy bahslar ham ko‘rib chiqilgan hamda zamonaviy yondashuvlar ilgari surilgan.

Проанализировать с применением  тканевой  миокардиальной допплерографии (ТМД) влияние  коронарного шунтирования на диастолическую функцию (ДФ) у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца  (ИБС) и сахарным диабетом (СД) 2-го типа с сохраненной систолической функцией левого желудочка (ЛЖ). Увеличение числа больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа является одной из причин постоянного роста численности больных с ИБС. Учитывая характер поражения сосудистого русла у больных СД 2-го типа, реваскуляризация миокарда играет важную роль при лечении ИБС в этой группе пациентов.

Перевод является важнейшим инструментом современной интегративной межкультурной коммуникации. Перевод — это связь, которая укрепляет отношения между двумя языками, а также культурами. В этом процессе были тщательно изучены такие вопросы, как взаимосвязь языка и культуры, а также широкий спектр отраженных в них национально-культурных единиц, процессы их формирования и области применения, их проявление на языковом уровне, проявление в устной и письменной речи. Цель исследования —определить национально-культурные, лексико-семантические, стилистические характеристики реалий в английском литературном контексте, а также осветить вопросы их перевода на узбекский язык.       

This paper discusses the key grammatical aspects of written translation, with a specific focus on interpreting word meanings and word combinations between English and Uzbek. It examines the typological and structural differences between the two languages and how they influence translation strategies.

This study explores the design and development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) materials tailored for vocational college students specializing in the oil and gas sector. Recognizing the unique linguistic demands of this industry, the research employs a needs analysis approach to identify the specific language skills required by students. Subsequently, ESP materials are developed to address these needs, focusing on enhancing technical vocabulary, reading comprehension, and communicative competence in professional contexts. The effectiveness of these materials is evaluated through pilot testing and feedback from both students and instructors. The findings underscore the importance of context-specific ESP materials in bridging the gap between language proficiency and professional competence in the oil and gas industry.

In developing countries, the state budget policy is considered one of the most important financial instruments for regulating the economy. Its effective implementation has a positive impact on economic development and the growth of the population's well-being. Forecasting the state budget funds for the future, determining the source of funding for the implementation of the tasks undertaken by the state. allows. In Uzbekistan Pecpyblikacida, it is determined to develop with a high level of success, to improve the existing opportunities, and to continue the self-justified iclohotlap strategy consistently. The importance of budget forecasting in the fulfillment of the responsibilities of the organization can be seen in many ways.

This article examines the geopolitical and economic factors driving the strategic partnership between China and Iran in the modern world. It analyzes their mutual interests in strengthening political, economic and cultural ties to counter Western influence and achieve national goals amidst a shifting global order. The article highlights the key role of economic cooperation, with Iran serving as a vital energy source and investment destination for China, while China provides Iran with a stable trade partner and strategic investor. It also explores the geopolitical dimensions of Sino-Iranian collaboration in the context of China's expanding influence in the Middle East and Iran's resistance to Western pressureFinally, it assesses the impact of US foreign policy in pushing China and Iran closer together, and the prospects for their partnership within China's "Belt and Road" initiative.

The effect of varying H₂O and F^-concentration in electrolytes on TiO₂ morphology has been extensively studied. The effect of fluoride content during anodization has little effect on nanotube diameter and oxide layer growth [1], but leads to tube length, its growth rate, and higher order [2-3]. In contrast the amount of water in the anodizing cell significantly increases the pore diameter, but reduces the oxide expansion coefficient, pore length, growth rate and efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor the growth of the barrier layer formed during the anodization of TiO₂ in an electrolyte containing F^- ions, which also allowed us to study the effects of the concentration of F^- ions in the solution and the pH medium of the electrolyte. [4-5].

O‘zbekiston Respublikasida amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar qonun ustuvorligini mustahkamlash, shaxs huquqlari va erkinliklarini himoya qilishga qaratilgan. Bu jarayonda profilaktika inspektorlari muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ularning jamoatchilik bilan hamkorligi huquqbuzarliklarni kamaytirish va shaxslarning ijtimoiy reabilitatsiyasini ta’minlashda samarali vosita sifatida qaraladi. Xorij olimlari tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan nazariyalar va amaliy yondashuvlar ushbu sohada muhim yo‘l-yo‘riq beradi. Quyida g‘ayriijtimoiy xulq-atvorning sabablari, profilaktika inspektorlarining faoliyati va jamoatchilik bilan hamkorlikning ahamiyati xorij olimlarining tadqiqotlari asosida tahlil qilinadi.

Zamonaviy ta’lim sifatini tubdan o’zgartirish hozirgi kunda muhim masalaga aylangan. Ayniqsa, muxandislik ishlarida “Muhandislik va kompyuter grafikasi” fanining o’qitilishida nazariy va amaliy masalalarni chuqur o’rganish zarur. Sababi, hozirgi texnika va texnologiyalar  rivojlanib borayotgan davrda mutaxassislar uchun yangi zamonaviy dolzarb muammolar juda ko’p uchraydi. Mazkur maqolada ishlab chiqarishdagi ya’ni qishloq xo’jaligi, mashinasozlik sohasi va boshqalarda ilm-fan, texnika va texnologiyalarning innovatsion yutuqlarini tahlili yoki amaliyotga qo’llashda duch kelinayotgan muammolarni bartaraf etish yo‘llarini aniqlash lozim bo’ladi. Muhandislik va kompyuter grafikasi fanining chizma geometriya bo’limidagi turli metrik va pozitsion masalalar mutaxassis uchun  fazoviy tushuncha va grafik savodhonlik salohiyatini rivojlantiradi.

This article explores practical and research-informed strategies for enhancing vocabulary acquisition among A1 level English learners. Vocabulary forms the foundation of all four language skills and plays a central role in beginner-level communication. The paper outlines the significance of vocabulary development and presents effective methods such as the use of visual aids, thematic instruction, game-based learning, contextualized exposure, and educational technologies. These approaches support better retention, learner motivation, and meaningful usage, making vocabulary learning more accessible for A1 learners.

Mazkur maqolada o‘quvchilarning funksional savodxonligini aniqlashda xalqaro baholash tizimlarining ahamiyati va ular orqali olingan natijalar asosida ta'lim sifatini baholash muhimligi yoritilgan. PISA, PIRLS va TIMSS kabi xalqaro dasturlar doirasida o‘zbekistonlik o‘quvchilarning ko‘rsatkichlari tahlil qilinadi, ularning kuchli va zaif jihatlari aniqlanadi. Shuningdek, funksional savodxonlik tushunchasi, uning zamonaviy ta’limdagi roli, o‘quv dasturlariga integratsiya qilish imkoniyatlari hamda baholash mexanizmlarining takomillashtirilishi haqida fikr yuritiladi. Maqolada ta'lim siyosatini takomillashtirishga oid tavsiyalar ham beriladi.

Ushbu maqolada dunyo davlatlarida inklyuziv ta’lim sohasida to‘plangan ilg‘or tajribalar o‘rganilgan va ularni O‘zbekiston maktablarida qo‘llash yo‘llari tahlil qilingan. Xususan, Skandinaviya davlatlari, AQSh, Kanada, Yaponiya kabi rivojlangan mamlakatlar amaliyoti asosida o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlash, moddiy-texnik bazani rivojlantirish, ota-onalar bilan hamkorlik va ijtimoiy-psixologik xizmatni yo‘lga qo‘yish bo‘yicha aniq tavsiyalar berilgan. Maqola inklyuziv ta’lim sifatini oshirishga qaratilgan ilmiy-amaliy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Zamonaviy ta’lim sifatini tubdan o’zgartirish hozirgi kunda muhim masalaga aylangan. Ayniqsa, muxandislik ishlarida “Muhandislik va kompyuter grafikasi” fanining o’qitilishida nazariy va amaliy masalalarni chuqur o’rganish zarur. Sababi, hozirgi texnika va texnologiyalar  rivojlanib borayotgan davrda mutaxassislar uchun yangi zamonaviy dolzarb muammolar juda ko’p uchraydi. Mazkur maqolada ishlab chiqarishdagi ya’ni qishloq xo’jaligi, mashinasozlik sohasi va boshqalarda ilm-fan, texnika va texnologiyalarning innovatsion yutuqlarini tahlili yoki amaliyotga qo’llashda duch kelinayotgan muammolarni bartaraf etish yo‘llarini aniqlash lozim bo’ladi. Muhandislik va kompyuter grafikasi fanining chizma geometriya bo’limidagi turli metrik va pozitsion masalalar mutaxassis uchun  fazoviy tushuncha va grafik savodhonlik salohiyatini rivojlantiradi.

Jamoaviy sport turlarida liderlarning ahamiyati va sportchilarning psixologik holatini sport natijalariga ta’sirini o‘rganish.

The current public finance landscape is undergoing а profound digital transformation, spurred by а pressing demand for greater efficiency, responsiveness, and openness in government operations. Cloud computing has become a prime catalyst in the effort, providing scalable and affordable solutions that transform conventional budgeting and financial management processes. This analysis assesses the complex effects of cloud uptake on public sector accounting, with particular emphasis on its effects on total cost of ownership (TCO), budgeting efficiency gains, and financial transparency. The approach uses an integrated TCO model framework, complemented by predictive cost analytics, and is validated by comparative case studies of public sector government transitions to cloud computing.

Ushbu maqolada O‘rta Osiyoda quloqlashtirish jarayoni taʼsirida surgun qilingan vatandoshlarimiz taqdiri haqidagi maʼlumotlar tahlil qilinadi. Surgun azoblari aniq hujjatlar asosida ko‘rsatib beriladi.

В данной статье представлена информация о здоровом питании школьников. Школа является жизненно важной средой, с помощью которой можно влиять на процесс правильного питания и формировать у школьников правильные навыки и стереотипы в этом вопросе. Школы предоставляют эффективные возможности для проведения работы по охране здоровья и здоровому питанию. Именно школьный возраст является периодом, когда происходит основное развитие ребенка и формируется образ жизни, в том числе тип питания.