№ 6 (2025) International journal of artificial intelligence

This article provides an empirical analysis of the external factors influencing sustainable economic growth, focusing on Uzbekistan as a case study. Key variables examined include foreign trade, foreign direct investment, external debt, and international reserves. In recent years, the share of foreign trade in the country’s GDP has increased significantly; however, a persistent trade deficit and the high share of gold exports have exerted downward pressure on macroeconomic stability. The growing cost of servicing external debt and the decline in international reserves indicate a growing reliance on external financial sources. The article offers recommendations for strengthening macroeconomic stability through export diversification, increasing the share of high value-added products, adopting a prudent external debt strategy, and enhancing international reserves. The results underline the importance of managing external factors in a comprehensive and balanced manner to achieve sustainable growth.

 Quasicrystals, distinguished by their non-periodic but ordered atomic structures and unique rotational symmetries, have attracted increasing attention in the field of advanced materials. Unlike conventional crystals, quasicrystals exhibit forbidden symmetries—such as fivefold or tenfold rotation—that result in novel electronic and optical behaviors. This paper explores the semiconducting characteristics of quasicrystalline materials and evaluates their potential use in photonic devices. By investigating the electronic band structures and optical properties arising from quasiperiodicity, we demonstrate how these materials can be engineered for enhanced light-matter interactions, photon localization, and spectral filtering. The integration of quasicrystalline semiconductors into photonic circuits, sensors, and solar cells reveals promising pathways for next-generation optoelectronic technologies.

This article examines the ethical challenges posed by the rapid advancement of CRISPR technology in genetic editing. While CRISPR offers unprecedented potential for treating genetic disorders and improving human health, it also raises profound bioethical questions regarding safety, consent, equity, and the potential for misuse. The study analyzes current international ethical frameworks and scientific guidelines to propose boundaries for responsible application. The goal is to balance innovation with respect for human dignity and social justice.

biological excursions allow students to combine theoretical knowledge with practical experience, which makes their learning process effective. Teachers and students are provided with opportunities to directly observe the biological environment, study the flora and fauna, and understand environmental problems. Biological excursions also increase students' interest, help them develop scientific thinking skills, and strengthen their ability to work in a team.

 The article examines the early stages of the study and research of the life and work of Amir Temur by the European community. It is noteworthy that most of the sources created and collected by European historians have not yet been studied and are waiting for their researchers. Documents on the reign and policy of Amir Temur, his correspondence with the rulers of European countries and his diplomacy have caused widespread discussion throughout the world. Amir Temur adhered to Eastern diplomacy even in his letters, which were written in the form of strict requirements. This led to a wide study of Eastern policy by European historians. The history of Sahibkiran is used not only in public policy, but also in economics

This article examines major methodologies in English Language Teaching (ELT)—from traditional to post method approaches—with real academic sources. It critically evaluates Grammar-Translation, Audio-Lingual, Communicative, Task-Based, Natural, and Post method pedagogies. The paper proposes an integrative, culturally responsive approach enhanced by technology and tailored to learners’ needs and contexts.

This article provides a scientific-analytical overview of the state of air pollution in the city of Fergana from 1995 to 2010. It analyzes the levels and trends of major air pollutants over time, with a focus on suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ammonia, and other harmful components. The impact of industrial enterprises, transportation, and other anthropogenic factors on air quality is discussed. The study also examines the potential health effects on the population and evaluates environmental risks. Additionally, the article offers recommendations and measures for air protection and pollution reduction.

In this article, the moral and academic transformations in the formation and development of the information society are analyzed on the basis of CIBERFALISTA. Moral criteria are being reopened as a result of digital technologies in the system of human life, consciousness and valuance. The article will be considered on philosophical and methodological parades, such as technological development, as a result of technological development. A modern information environment will cover the issues of transformation of values, transformation of human standards and the algorithmed restrictions on human freedom.

Globalization has significantly transformed the dynamics of language use and development across the world. As global interconnectivity increases, the influence of intercultural communication on language evolution becomes more profound. This paper explores the relationship between globalization and language change, emphasizing how intercultural communication acts as both a catalyst and a medium for these transformations. It focuses on the linguistic consequences of globalization, such as language hybridization, the spread of English as a lingua franca, and the endangerment of minority languages. The article also examines how intercultural dialogue shapes language policies, educational frameworks, and cultural identity.

The article examines the process of the  developing personal qualities and a sense of patriotism among  military personal based on pedagogical principles, modern education methods, and their effectiveness.    

The symbolic images used in Uzbek literature have been uniquely interpreted in mythology, folklore, and written literature. In Jadid poetry, the meanings attached to such imagery expand further to reflect social and political ideas. Poets such as Cholpon and Fitrat occupy a special place in Uzbek literature as symbolist poets. Their poems clearly display the symbolic representation of socio-political concepts. This article examines how Jadid poetry uses symbolic images like “autumn” and “fall” to artistically express social and political problems, and it also evaluates the poetic mastery of these poets.

In the contemporary landscape of rapidly evolving digital technologies, cybersecurity and the protection of personal data have emerged as critical global concerns. This article presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of key cybersecurity concepts, identifies current threats and challenges associated with personal data breaches, and explores effective strategies for the prevention and mitigation of cybercrime. Particular attention is given to the legal, technical, and social dimensions of cybersecurity in the context of growing digitalization.

This article records on reforms and introduced projects for the development of agriculture. The work done on the introduction of innovation technologies is aimed at economic assessment

This article analyzes the technology for processing apricots into puree. The main stages of puree production—raw material selection, washing, crushing, thermal processing, homogenization, pasteurization, and packaging—are examined. The technology’s impact on nutritional properties (vitamin C, antioxidants), energy consumption, environmental sustainability, and quality control is analyzed. Special attention is given to the practical possibilities and export potential of apricot puree production in Uzbekistan’s agricultural context. The study is based on scientific literature, Uzbekistan’s normative-legal documents, and practical data. The article provides a comparative analysis of the technology’s advantages and limitations and offers recommendations for advancing this sector in Uzbekistan.

In this article, a number of measures are being taken to develop volleyball type. It is also reported that volleyball players can use additional appliances

The organization of private capital in accordance with international standards has become a central theme in global financial regulation and investment strategy. This paper explores the evolving landscape of private equity, private debt, hedge funds, and other alternative investments through the lens of standardization, transparency, and regulatory convergence. Drawing on empirical data from leading financial institutions and recent academic research, the study highlights the advantages of adopting harmonized frameworks, including enhanced investor protection, increased foreign capital inflows, and reduced compliance burdens.

This thesis analyzes the importance of teaching methods based on a creative approach, their integration into the modern education system, and their role in the pedagogical process. Applying creativity in education helps learners develop independent learning skills, analytical thinking, and adaptability to real-life situations. Today, this approach serves as an essential tool for nurturing competitive and modern-thinking individuals.

The article focuses on how new terms are incorporated into Uzbek and highlights how neologisms are causing language changes. In addition, the article outlines reasons of language changes due to the usage of media words.

In the context of increasing attention to the problems of interethnic relations throughout the world, the intensity of interaction between cultural communities with different mentalities has become the most important factor in mutual understanding between people.

This article examines the professional role of Russian language teachers in modern education, the challenges they face in multilingual contexts, and innovative methods for improving the effectiveness of Russian language instruction. It highlights the evolving pedagogical strategies required to engage learners and promote cultural literacy in a globalized world.

This article explores the relevance of cultivating a well-rounded personality, the role of national values in personal development, and the core essence of national upbringing. It justifies the necessity of using educational methods rooted in national traditions, customs, and heritage in raising the younger generation, especially in the context of globalization. The impact of national upbringing through family, school, and society on the socialization of individuals is also analyzed.

This state speech is about the relations of India, Pakistan and China with the Central Asian states within the SCO. The author, analyzing the relationship of these states in the sphere of economy in the economics, and in the regional security, concludes that the Central Asian countries are a «tasty morsel» for the «triangle» countries - India, Pakistan and China.

The article studies idempotent operations and their applications.

 This article presents the results of a study on the treatment of purulent wounds in dogs using the probiotic Innoprovet2 in various combinations (with and without antibiotic). It was found that under the influence of Innoprovet2 the average period of wound healing in dogs was: in the first experimental group 22-24 days, in the second experimental group 16-18 days, and in the control group - 26-28 days. During the experiment, the wound healing process and the condition of the dogs were observed for 28 days. ImitoMeasure program was used to evaluate the wound surface in all groups, and a systematic evaluation of the wound condition was performed.

Proverbs have always been a subject of attention for researchers as a mirror reflecting the identity, uniqueness, culture, and socio-political life of a nation. They are a synthesis of the spiritual image, ideals, dreams, aspirations, and reflections on nature and society of the hardworking people, as well as a generalized expression of life experience. Therefore, the scientific study of folk proverbs from linguistic-poetic, linguocultural, and anthropocentric perspectives is of great relevance.

This article analyzes the place of the concept of tea in Uzbek, Chinese, and Russian cultures, the meanings expressed by this word, and the linguocultural features of proverbs involving the lexeme “tea.”