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INTRODUCING NEW TERMS FROM THE MEDIA INTO UZBEK AND THEIR
EFFECTS ON LANGUAGE CHANGE
Lola Xayrulloyeva Dilshod qizi
Uzbekistan World Languages University,
+998909159770
Abstract:
The article focuses on how new terms are incorporated into Uzbek and highlights
how neologisms are causing language changes. In addition, the article outlines reasons of
language changes due to the usage of media words.
Key Words:
Onomatopoeia, loanwords, semantic translation, direct translation, rapid language
change, media-related words.
Similar to other languages, Uzbek is expanding its vocabulary. In Uzbek, words from both
related and unrelated languages have been incorporated into common speech without any
modifications. Furthermore, new words are entering the Uzbek language as a result of
advancements in science and technology. External sources are also contributing to the richness
of the Uzbek language. No language in the world evolves only via internal capacity without
incorporating vocabulary from other languages. Uzbek is no different. Three elements are
recognized to be essential to the development of the Uzbek language's lexicon.These are:
1. All vocabulary stems from the ancient Turkic language, profoundly influencing the formation o
f the Uzbek language lexicon. Furthermore, common words and phrases are reflected in the afor
ementioned elements. Numerous common words and expressions in Uzbek originate from the a
ncient Turkic language. For example, words like "ona" (mother), "ota" (father), "suv" (water),
"quyosh" (sun), and "yer" (earth) are fundamental to the language and have been used for
centuries.
2. Borrowed words, these words are borrowed from other languages, including: Arabic, Persian-
Tajik, Russian, German, French, Spanish, English, and others. The interesting aspect of these
words is that they are mainly formed from a combination of classical languages (Arabic, Turkic,
Persian-Tajik). Those words are frequently used in academic, cultural, and religious contexts.
For instance, "kitob" (book), "qalam" (pen), "ilm" (knowledge), "din" (religion), and "siyosat"
(politics) are terms that often arise in discussions about these areas.
3. Borrowed neologisms, this type of words is created in the language by adding suffixes, prefixes,
and affixes to existing words. For example, words like "kompyuter" (computer), "internet"
(internet), "mobil" (mobile), and "telefon" (phone) are examples of how new words are formed
using this method.
It's true that some loanwords are adopted directly into the language without any changes to
their form or meaning, like "bar," "film," and "lider."
These are relatively easy to recognize
and integrate into everyday speech. However, it’s also right that many people struggle with
loanwords that have undergone some level of adaptation or integration into the Uzbek
grammatical system. For example, it's less common for people to be familiar with words like
"bojole" (from French) or "punch" and "ponce" (from English), which have been adapted to fit
Uzbek grammar. It's fascinating to see how loanwords can be adopted in different ways,
sometimes retaining their original form and sometimes undergoing significant changes. This
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 37
process reflects the dynamic nature of language and its ability to adapt to new influences. It's
fascinating to see how loanwords can be incorporated into the language through both semantic
and direct translation methods.
1. Semantic Translation: This is where the meaning of the loanword is translated into Uzbek,
while the form might be adapted slightly. You've given great examples: "confort" (from English
"comforts") and "autoritar" (from Italian "rendere autorevole"). This shows how the meaning is
translated, but the form might be slightly adjusted to fit Uzbek grammar.
2. Direct Translation (Calque): This is where the loanword is translated literally, word-for-word,
from another language. Your examples of "sky-scraper" (from English) and "klassen kampf"
(from German) are
excellent examples of this.
It’s fascinating to observe how these two translation methods can generate new terms in
Uzbek, enhancing the language and demonstrating its capacity to adapt to fresh concepts and
ideas. Loanwords serve as proof of the interconnectedness among languages and the impact
they exert on one another. The connection between loanwords and bilingualism is intriguing.
When individuals encounter several languages, they tend to integrate words and expressions
from one language into another. This phenomenon is especially noticeable in contexts where
people alternate between languages based on the situation or environment. You are correct in
noting that the source of loanwords can often expose the influence of other languages on a
specific language. This is particularly evident in situations where one language has been
significantly shaped by another, like German and the Romance languages, which exhibit a
considerable amount of borrowed terms from each other. The interchange of vocabulary serves
not only to enhance the languages but also reflects a shared respect and admiration for each
other's cultural and linguistic heritages. It's intriguing to observe how certain borrowed words
become thoroughly embedded in a language, while others tend to be more niche or specialized.
"Patata gaytan" (from Spanish via Italian): This example highlights how a loanword can
become so integrated into a language that it's almost indistinguishable from native words. It's
interesting to see how this word has traveled through different languages, ultimately becoming
part of Italian vocabulary.
"Caffe" (from Turkish, ultimately from Arabic): This is another example of a loanword that has
become deeply embedded in a language. It's interesting to see how the word "zero" (from
Arabic) has also influenced the development of "caffe," showing how loanwords can connect to
even deeper linguistic and cultural connections.
"Tram," "transistor," and "juke-box" (from English): These words demonstrate how certain
loanwords can be associated with specific fields or areas of life. They might not be as
commonly used as "patata gaytan" or "caffe," but they still play an important role in enriching
the language and reflecting its cultural and technological influences. It's clear that loanwords
contribute to the richness and diversity of a language, and their significance can vary depending
on their frequency of use, cultural relevance, and historical context. They can truly reflect the
social, cultural, and even economic realities of a society.
"Leader," "flirt," "baby-sitter," "week-end": These words are great examples of how loanwords
can become part of everyday language, reflecting changes in social norms, lifestyles, and even
family structures. They're often used casually and can be considered part of the "common"
vocabulary.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
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"Boom," "show": You're right to point out that loanwords can sometimes be more concise and
efficient than their native equivalents. These examples from journalism demonstrate how
loanwords can be used for brevity and clarity, especially in fast-paced environments.
"Sit-in": This example is particularly interesting, as it highlights how loanwords can be used to
describe specific cultural phenomena or events. The Italian equivalent of "sit-in" is more
complex, suggesting that the loanword might be more efficient and accurate in conveying the
specific meaning.
"Budget," on the other hand, is pronounced "badjet" because it entered through spoken
language. There are some English words that are pronounced differently in Uzbekistan, for
example:
Some Uzbek pronunciations are closer to the English pronunciation, while others are
more adapted to the Uzbek sound system. These variations in pronunciation stem from a variety
of factors, including the influence of the source language and the level of familiarity with it. It's
also worth noting that some loanwords have been adopted into Uzbek without any changes,
such as "flirt," "leader," and others. Uzbek speakers have become quite adept at incorporating
English phonetics and Anglicisms, as seen in the widespread use of words like "bar," "film,"
"sport," "flirt," and more. It's crucial that we accurately distinguish between genuine loanwords,
neologisms, and borrowed words, particularly when it comes to their meanings and figurative
uses. For instance, some scholars from the Middle East might be able to recall loanwords well
but struggle with their pronunciation. In such cases, they might end up using the words
figuratively, even though they don't fully grasp their literal meanings. Loanword neologisms
encompass words belonging to various grammatical categories like nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
Loanword verbs and adjectives exhibit linguistic harmony in two senses: they integrate into the
target language's structure and create a bilingual context. It's also worth noting that loanwords
can be considered elements of morphology. Modern linguistics considers loanword neologisms
(from the Greek "neos" meaning "new" and "logos" meaning "word") as key players in
linguistic evolution. New words enrich the lexicon. The entire process of new word formation is
called neology. Loanword neologisms emerge rapidly in regions where information and news
spread quickly. As mentioned earlier, loanword neologisms are formed from existing words,
abbreviations, acronyms, and even by modifying the sounds of a word.
When discussing the influx of new words from media into the Uzbek language and their
significance in the transformation of our language, we must first define the concept of "media."
Today, when we say media, we refer to the internet, television, radio, social media, blogs, and
other mass media outlets.
Media can introduce new words into the Uzbek language in the following ways:
Words translated from English: The widespread use of the internet and social media has
led to the adoption of English-translated words such as "like," "share," "comment,"
"hashtag," "trend," "influencer," and so on into the Uzbek language.
New words for new concepts: New words are emerging in the Uzbek language to
represent new concepts in technology and social life. For example, words like "vlog,"
"online," "cyber," "virtual," "digital" fall into this category.
Expansion of word meanings: The meanings of some words are expanding under the
influence of media. For instance, the word "blog" initially meant "web journal," but now
it is also used to refer to "personal websites."
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 07,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 39
Media plays a significant role in the transformation of the Uzbek language, not only by
introducing new words but also by:
Rapid language change: Media facilitates the rapid spread of new words, leading to
rapid language change.
International integration of language: The mixing of words borrowed from different
languages through media contributes to the international integration of language.
Simplification of language: The need to convey information quickly and simply through
media can lead to the simplification of language.
Media plays a significant role in the transformation of the Uzbek language, both
positively and negatively. The positive aspect is the enrichment of the language and the
expansion of its ability to express new concepts. The negative aspect is the simplification of the
language and the loss of its unique characteristics. Nevertheless, language change is a natural
process. Media plays a crucial role in the transformation of the Uzbek language, but preserving
the unique characteristics of the language and fostering its development is also essential.
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