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THE PROCESS OF DEGREASING LEATHER USING A NEW DEGREASING
AGENT
Shamsieva Mahbuba Badriyevna
PhD., Associate Professor
Parpiyev Umidjon Melievich
Assistant
Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry
Namangan Institute of Textile Industry
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14437859
Abstract:
This article introduces a new degreasing agent for the leather industry, which
is derived from gasoline, a by-product. Based on initial research results, the possibility of
using this agent in the degreasing process of leather has been confirmed.
Keywords:
degreasing process, gasoline, kerosene, surface-active substances, lambskin,
sheepskin.
It is well known that the processes of obtaining leather from animal hides are complex,
involving various chemical substances, some of which are toxic and most of which are
imported products. This situation calls for a reconsideration of the technological processes in
leather production from ecological, technological, and economic perspectives.
To find new sources of chemical reagents used in leather production, it is necessary to
use not complex agents but by-products, such as industrial waste. Utilizing these by-products
not only reduces ecological issues to some extent but also ensures economic efficiency.
Degreasing is one of the key processes in the leather industry, especially for hides that
contain a large amount of fat. When processing fine wool sheep hides, technologists aim to
ensure that residual fat does not exceed 5%. However, achieving this result is often difficult.
Soaps are soft and safe analogs but are not effective. Solvents and enzymes are also widely
used but are expensive[1-3].
One such by-product is gasoline, which is usually obtained from gas bottles after they
are empty, and it is recommended to dispose of it in open fields or deserts. The word
"gasoline" comes from the French "gazoline," meaning gas, and the Latin "oleum," meaning oil
[4,5]. Gasoline is a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons in liquid form, which is obtained by
refining natural petroleum or separating industrial gases. It is used as fuel for carburetor
engines, as well as a solvent for resins, oils, and ether oils.
Карбюратор двигателлари учун ёқилғи (газ, бензин), смола, ёғ ва эфир мойлари
учун эритувчи сифатида қўлланади.
Газолиннинг мазкур хоссасидан келиб чиқиб, терини қайта ишлашнинг
ёғсизлантириш жараёнида ушбу препаратдан фойдаланиш мақсад қилиб белгиланди.
Based on this property of gasoline, its use in the degreasing process of leather was
considered. It should be noted that after a gas cylinder is used up, 2-5 liters of condensate or
gasoline can be collected. Often, this liquid gas is discarded. Reusing it for technical purposes
offers both ecological and economic benefits.
In initial research, the degreasing process was conducted solely with gasoline. Before
conducting the degreasing process, sheepskin, specifically the pelt, was subjected to a
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degreasing and defatting process. The main parameters of the degreasing process are shown
in the table below:
Table
Main Parameters of the Degreasing Process
Process Name
Temperature (°C)
Duration (hours)
Reagent
Concentration (L)
Degreasing
18
1.2
Gasoline - 4 L
For experimental trials, sheepskin, specifically the leather used as lining, was selected.
To ensure the removal of non-bound fat substances from the pelt, it was treated with gasoline,
and the skins were mechanically agitated for 20 minutes. Then, the degreasing process
continued for another hour, with the leather being agitated every 15 minutes for 5 minutes
each. The pH level of the process was set to 5.5 (Figure a).
а)
b)
a) Process environment; b) Pelt after the degreasing process.
Figure. Practical implementation of the degreasing process with the
participation of gasoline.
The preliminary results of the experiment showed that gasoline has degreasing
properties and does not require the use of water in this process. Since gasoline is a by-
product, it is not considered expensive, and its use for technical purposes prevents it from
being released into the environment. However, the results also indicated that the degreasing
effect, in terms of organoleptic evaluation, was not very high. This suggests that gasoline
should not be used alone, but rather in a composition. It should be noted that using it in a
composition not only reduces water consumption in the technology but also decreases the
consumption of imported surface-active substances and eliminates the need for kerosene in
the degreasing process.
References:
1.
J. Christner, The use of lipases in the beamhouse processes, J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc.
87 (1992) 128–139.
2.
S. Saran, R. Mahajan, R. Kaushik, J. Isar, R.K. Saxena, Enzyme mediated beam house
operations of leather industry: a needed step towards greener technology, J. Clean. Prod. 54
(2013) 315–322.
3.
L. Shan, F. Luo, S. Chattha, C. Zhang, B. Peng, C. Mu, Surfactant-free beamhouse
technology of leather manufacturing: removing constraints for the breakdown of natural fats
catalyzed by lipase, J. Clean. Prod. 261 (2020), 121187.
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4.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Газолин
. Мурожаат санаси 23.11.2024
5.
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazolin
. Мурожаат санаси 23.11.2024
