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PREVALENCE OF DENTAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH CANDIDA-
ASSOCIATED PERIODONTAL DISEASE.
Komilov K.O.
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6196-7406
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17001596
Abstract.
This article presents measures to improve oral hygiene and
increase its preventive effectiveness and reduce the development of
complications, taking into account the prevalence of dental diseases caused by
candida, the complexity of diagnosis and treatment, and the prevalence of
periodontal tissue diseases caused by this disease.
Key words.
Assimilation process, immunological markers, periodontal
tissue diseases, immunohistochemical examination, etiopathogenetic view.
Candidiasis is a fungal disease that mainly affects the mucous membranes
and skin, and sometimes also internal organs. It can manifest itself in various
forms, including the digestive, respiratory and genitourinary systems, as well as
in the skin. In places where the immune system is significantly weakened,
candidiasis sepsis (generalized candidiasis) can develop, which can lead to
serious complications [2,3].
Candidiasis is caused by Candida fungi, which are usually found on mucous
membranes. It can begin when the immune system is compromised or
dysbacteriosis occurs. Oral candidiasis occurs due to contact with a carrier,
dysbacteriosis, or a violation of the immune system. It often occurs in pregnant
women, premature babies, HIV-infected people, tuberculosis and other diseases.
Gastric candidiasis begins against the background of intestinal
dysbacteriosis, causing inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach
and intestines. Vulvovaginal candidiasis in women is associated with a decrease
in immunity and a violation of the microflora. The disease can be transmitted
through personal hygiene items or sexual contact. The risk increases in pregnant
women, women taking hormonal contraceptives and women with endocrine
diseases. Candidiasis is less common in men and usually has a milder course.
Skin candidiasis occurs as a result of the transformation of fungi into a
pathogenic form in dysbacteriosis, reduced immunity, avitaminosis, excessive
sweating, diabetes mellitus and prolonged use of medications[1,3].
Dental diseases caused by Candida occupy a special place due to their
prevalence, complexity of diagnosis and treatment. Studies conducted in
scientific sources over the past five years have shown that oral diseases caused
by Candida occur in up to 10% of cases, and in combination with various
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syndromes, these diseases occur in up to 12.3%. At the same time, the
prevalence of periodontal diseases caused by Candida, which range from 36.2%
to 43.1%, indicates the high prevalence of the pathology. This situation is
explained by the fact that the initial stages of the disease proceed without
obvious symptoms, the lack of sufficient information about changes in both
clinical and laboratory tests, and the lack of a single etiopathogenetic view
among specialists. This indicates the need to improve methods of treatment and
prevention of the problem[1,4].
Oral cavity: Mucus, white curdled discharge from bleeding areas,
inflammation of the tongue and corners of the mouth. Oral cavity: Local
treatment includes rinsing with alkaline solutions, application of antifungal
ointments, and treatment with Lugol and Iodinol solutions. General treatment
consists of tablets such as Lamisil, Diflucan, and Nystatin, which can be
supplemented with immunotherapy and physiotherapy[2,5].
The outcome of candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes is usually
favorable. With proper treatment, relapses are rare. However, candidiasis that
has already begun can become chronic.
The most susceptible to candidiasis are:
• those who have a poor diet;
• those who do not observe oral hygiene;
• those who have a promiscuous sex life;
• those who suffer from oncopathologies, allergies or autoimmune diseases;
• those who take hormones;
• those who have diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
The risk group also includes pregnant women, children under two years of
age, and the elderly with weakened or incomplete immunity.
Prevention of candidiasis in children and adults includes:
• strengthening the div;
• taking vitamins;
• proper nutrition;
• sanitation of the oral cavity;
• timely treatment of dysbacteriosis;
• limiting the intake of hormones and antibiotics;
• reducing carbohydrate intake.
Candidiasis, candidiasis (Candida - the Latin name of the genus of yeast-like
fungi and Greek mycos - fungus), thrush, thrush - a mycosis disease that occurs
in humans and animals; mainly caused by yeast-like fungi (Candida). The skin,
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mucous membranes, and sometimes internal organs are affected. It is more
common in children and the elderly. Since ancient times, a white tongue, called
mold, has been known, which is observed in young children, especially infants
and immunocompromised patients. Candida fungi are widespread in nature; in
particular, they live on plants, fruits and vegetables, as well as in sugary fruits;
they are always present on the skin and oral cavity of humans and animals, on
the mucous membranes of the intestines, respiratory and reproductive tracts.
Candida fungi enter the skin and mucous membranes of a newborn baby during
the birth canal and live with it for life. In some cases, as a result of severe
diseases that reduce the div's defenses (tuberculosis, blood diseases,
dysentery, dysentery, etc.), as well as when a person is irregularly treated with
antibiotics, the biological balance of microorganisms in the div is disturbed,
and the disease develops. In such cases, as well as in people who have been ill
for a long time, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity turns pale, easily
movable white spots appear on the tongue, palate and gums, which hurt when
eating [3].
In the elderly (most often in women) who wear removable dentures, the
skin at the corners of the mouth sometimes peels and cracks; this creates
favorable conditions for the growth of Candida fungi, most often lip thrush (see
Lip thrush). Often the nails and gums become infected; the nails become rough,
dull, brittle, their edges curl and move out of place; pus accumulates between
the nail and the flesh, the gums become inflamed, swollen, and thickened.
Thrush often appears in the vagina. In this case, the mucous membrane is
covered with a white coating, a scaly discharge is released, and it is often itchy
(see Vaginitis). Thrush is also observed in skin folds of children and obese
people (between the fingers, in the groin, under the mammary glands in women,
around the anus, etc.) (skin thrush). If mucosal and skin infections are not
treated in a timely manner, the disease can progress and spread to internal
organs. Internal organs In K., the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary
system, cardiovascular system and other organs can be damaged. The sooner the
patient consults a doctor and receives appropriate treatment, the faster he will
recover. In order to prevent the disease, it is important to follow the rules of
hygiene and take only the medications prescribed by the doctor[2,4].
Fungi damage the mucous membrane of the mouth and respiratory tract,
the submucosa, causing necrosis. The fungus spreads throughout the div
through the blood and lymph and damages internal organs. The disease occurs
in calves, lambs, piglets up to 6 months of age, and more often in chicks up to 3
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months of age. Adult animals weakened by metabolic disorders and avitaminosis
also become ill. K. in many cases aggravates dysbacteriosis and some infectious
diseases (tuberculosis). The source of the disease is a sick animal. The
appearance of K. is caused by poor-quality feeding of animals, general
weakening of the div, and long-term treatment with antibiotics.
Treatment: Nystatin sulfanilamide is added to feed or yogurt (10–100 mg
per kg of div weight). Prevention: Feed animals with vitamin-rich feed in strict
compliance with zoohygiene requirements. After the disease is identified, sick
animals are isolated, and barns and equipment are disinfected with 1% caustic
soda or 2% formalin solution.
The latent period of K. is 3-15 days. Sick chicks lose their appetite, become
weak, their feathers are ruffled, they have diarrhea, and they huddle together.
Their throats are hard and painful to the touch, making it difficult to swallow
food. Up to 100% of sick chicks die. In lambs, goats, calves, and pigs, tears flow
from their eyes, a whitish-gray coating appears on the mucous membrane of the
tongue, palate, throat, and nose, which falls off and is replaced by ulcers.
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