No. 4 (2025) Science and innovation in the education system

The article describes the modeling foundations of the development of public service sectors, the organizational and economic mechanisms of innovative development, which are one of the current topical issues, and the opinions of a number of scientists aimed at improving it. The structure of territorial specialization of public service is shown. The dependence of the development of public service on natural resources, the schedule of mutual energy supply of public service sectors, the improvement of living standards, the development of new innovations in the development of public service sectors, the introduction of new jobs, and the connection of light industry with telecommunications and information technologies (ICT) are highlighted, and conclusions and proposals are made on this.

Obligations arising from damage (delictual obligations) are one of the key institutions of civil law, playing a central role in restoring violated rights and protecting the property and non-property interests of individuals [1]. With the development of market relations and increased economic activity in Uzbekistan, the number of damage-related cases is also growing, which in turn necessitates the fair resolution of such disputes, effective protection of victims' rights, and the improvement of relevant legislation [2]. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the legal nature of obligations arising from damage, the conditions for liability, types of damage, and legal mechanisms for compensation, based on the current Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court, and scientific sources.

Talabaning fazoviy tasavvurini rivojlangan darajasini aniqlash lozim. Bunga talabalarning fazoviy tasavvur qobilyatini zo’riqib ishlashini talab qiladigan testlarni bajartirish orqali erishish mumkin.

This article provides a detailed explanation of the geometric and physical meaning of the concept of derivative. From a geometric point of view, the derivative is interpreted as a gradient that determines the direction of the tangent line at each point of the curve. In physics, the derivative is often used to express quantities such as motion, velocity, and acceleration. The article reveals the importance of the derivative through real-life examples along with theoretical concepts. It also discusses the practical application of the derivative and what methods can be effective in explaining it to students in education.

В статье рассматриваются методические подходы к изучению сложных предложений в курсе русского языка в средней школе. Описаны цели и задачи преподавания данной темы, принципы отбора и подачи материала, этапы формирования умений и навыков, а также типовые виды учебной деятельности, направленные на развитие синтаксической грамотности учащихся. Особое внимание уделяется практико-ориентированному и деятельностному подходам, способствующим эффективному усвоению сложных синтаксических конструкций.

Методика изучения синтаксиса направлена на обогащение грамматического строя речи учащихся, развитие монологической речи и формирование правописных умений (пунктуационных и орфографических).Она основывается на грамматическом, логическом (смысловом) и интонационном принципах.Она основывается на грамматическом, логическом (смысловом) и интонационном принципах.

This article analyzes the issues of the system for assessing and monitoring the level of knowledge of non-specialist students in the process of teaching them higher mathematics. The importance of using modern pedagogical technologies and information and communication tools to ensure the objectivity and effectiveness of the assessment process is shown.

Kommivoyajyor masalasi (TSP) — bu matematik optimallashtirish va kompyuter fanlarida eng keng tarqalgan va o'rganilgan masalalardan biridir. Masalaning maqsadi bir kom-mivoyajyorning belgilangan shaharlarga borib, har bir shaharga faqat bir marta tashrif buyurib, oxir-oqibat o'zining boshlang'ich nuqtasiga qaytib keladigan eng qisqa yo'lni topishdir.TSP, o'zining to'liq kombinatorik xususiyatlari va yuqori darajadagi murakkabligi bilan mashhur. Bu masala NP-to'liq masala hisoblanadi, ya'ni uning aniq yechimini topish, masalalar soni ortgan sari juda murakkablashadi. Kompyuterlar orqali yechim topish uchun turli xil algoritmlar ishlab chiqilgan, jumladan, tarmoqni qidirish algoritmlari, genetik algoritmlar va simulyatsiya qilingan annealing metodlari.Kommivoyajyor masalasi amaliyotda ko'plab sohalarda, masalan, logistika, transport, robototexnika va har xil resurslarni boshqarish tizimlarida qo'llaniladi. U shuningdek, masalalarni optimallashtirish va samaradorlikni oshirish uchun qo'llaniladigan nazariy vosita sifatida juda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Mazkur maqolada oliy ta’lim tizimida talabalarning kasbiy-emotsional rivojlanishini qo‘llab-quvvatlashda narrativ yondashuvning pedagogik imkoniyatlari ilmiy jihatdan asoslangan. Talabalarning shaxsiy tajribasini hikoya qilish, his-tuyg‘ularini anglash va refleksiya qilish orqali kasbiy identifikatsiyasini shakllantirish narrativ metodikaning asosiy maqsadi sifatida ko‘rsatilgan. Tadqiqotda kasbiy-emotsional intellekt tushunchasining oliy ta’limdagi o‘rni, emotsional barqarorlik va kasbiy salohiyat o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik nazariy va amaliy jihatdan yoritilgan. Shuningdek, reflektiv esse, pedagogik kundalik, emotsional xaritalar kabi metodlar orqali talabalarning reflektiv, emotsional va sotsiokultural kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish usullari tahlil qilingan. Maqola narrativ yondashuv asosida emotsional va kasbiy kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish uchun zarur pedagogik shart-sharoitlar va o‘qituvchining transformativ roli haqida tavsiyalar beradi.

Mazkur maqolada  ta’lim mazmunining nazariy asoslanishi, bu fanni  turli o‘quv predmetlarini o‘zaro integratsiyalab o‘qitish, talabalarning  og‘zaki va yozma nutqni o‘stirish, o‘z fikri mustaqil ifoda qilish, nutqiy ko‘nikmalarni  egallash bo’yicha tilshunos va metodist olimlarning ilmiy qarashlari tahlil qilingan.

Ushbu tezisda raqamli boshqaruv tizimlarining iqtisodiyot, ta’lim, sog‘liqni saqlash, davlat boshqaruvi va sanoat sohalaridagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarining jadal rivojlanishi natijasida boshqaruv jarayonlari yanada avtomatlashtirilmoqda, shaffoflik, tezkorlik va samaradorlik darajasi oshmoqda. Tezisda turli sektorlar misolida raqamli boshqaruv tizimlarining afzalliklari va ularga xos muammolar tahlil qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada didaktik drama usulining pedagogik ta’limda kasbiy kompetensiyalarni shakllantirishdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil etilgan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, drama usuli orqali talabalar nazariy bilimlarni real hayotiy vaziyatlarda qo‘llash, kommunikativ, refleksiv, ijodiy va ijtimoiy-emosional kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘lishlari aniqlangan. Maqolada drama usulining an’anaviy o‘qitish metodlaridan afzalliklari, drama mashg‘ulotlari shakllari va amaliy tajriba natijalari bayon qilingan. Shuningdek, pedagogik ta’lim dasturlariga drama faoliyatini integratsiyalash va baholash mezonlarini ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ilgari surilgan.

The relevance of the research is the analysis of the physical and thermotechnical characteristics of biomass. As a result of the analyses, the physicochemical composition of the biomass was studied, and information on existing methods of thermal-technical processing was provided. The comparative combustion heat values of briquettes made from agricultural biomass, which mainly consists of various waste materials, were analyzed. Scientific research and innovations by world scientists working on the production of fuel briquettes from solid household waste and other organic waste materials were also examined, along with the scientific works and inventions of Uzbek scientists. Information on projects being implemented in Uzbekistan in this field was also provided. The research concluded that biomass processing can help reduce the environmental impact and contribute to the development of "green" energy, with recommendations and suggestions provided.

Статья посвящена изучению народной культуры как основополагающего компонента культурного наследия Московской Руси. Автор раскрывает значение фольклора, обрядов, ремёсел и традиций в становлении духовных и художественных основ русского общества. Рассматривается взаимодействие народной и официальной культуры, их влияние на формирование общественной идентичности и национального самосознания в эпоху консолидации Московского государства.

Ushbu maqolada diskurs tushunchasining tarixi va zamonaviy lingvistik qarashlardagi tahlili ko‘rib chiqiladi. Diskurs dastlab nutq ma’nosida tushunilgan bo‘lsa-da, keyinchalik ijtimoiy, madaniy va siyosiy omillar bilan chambarchas bog‘liq murakkab fenomen sifatida shakllangan. Maqolada diskurs nazariyasining asosiy xususiyatlari, tadqiqotchilar hissasi, lingvistik va sotsiolingvistik tahlil metodlari hamda diskursning bugungi madaniy-muloqot jarayonlaridagi roli yoritiladi.