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CURRENT MODERN METHODS OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF DENTAL
FLUOROSIS
Kurbanova Nodira Voxidovna
Faculty of Medicine, International University of Asia, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15384111
Abstract. Dental fluorosis is a condition that affects the enamel of teeth due to excessive
intake of fluoride during the early stages of tooth development, typically in children under the
age of eight. While fluoride is essential for preventing tooth decay, an overexposure during
enamel formation can cause irreversible cosmetic damage. Dental fluorosis is most often mild,
but in more severe cases, it can cause significant discoloration and surface irregularities.
Keywords: Dental fluorosis, cosmetic appearance, Microabrasion.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause of dental fluorosis is excessive fluoride ingestion during enamel
formation.
Common sources include:
Fluoridated drinking water (especially in areas with naturally high fluoride levels)
Swallowing fluoride toothpaste (common among young children)
Fluoride supplements (when taken unnecessarily or in high doses
Processed foods or drinks made with fluoridated water
Risk factors include:
Children under 6 years of age
Living in areas with high natural fluoride levels in water (>1.5 ppm)
Inappropriate use of fluoride-containing products
Signs and Symptoms
The severity of dental fluorosis can range from mild to severe and is classified as follows:
Very mild: Small white flecks or spots on the enamel
Mild to moderate: Larger white patches or streaks
Severe: Brown stains, pitting, and brittle enamel
Fluorosis affects cosmetic appearance rather than dental function, but in severe cases, it
can increase enamel porosity and make teeth more prone to damage.
Diagnosis
Dental fluorosis is typically diagnosed through:
Visual examination by a dentist
Patient history of fluoride exposure
Water testing in endemic areas
Differential diagnosis to rule out other enamel defects such as enamel hypoplasia or
amelogenesis imperfecta
Prevention Strategies
1. Monitoring Fluoride Intake
Check local water fluoride levels and adjust other sources accordingly.
Avoid giving fluoride supplements to children unless prescribed by a dental professional.
Use non-fluoridated or low-fluoride toothpaste for children under 3 years.
2. Proper Toothbrushing Habits
Use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste for children aged 3-6.
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Teach children to spit, not swallow toothpaste.
Supervise toothbrushing to ensure correct usage.
3. Public Health Measures
Promote fluoride-safe guidelines in areas with high natural fluoride.
Defluoridation of water where fluoride exceeds safe limits.
Community education about safe fluoride usage.
Treatment Options for Fluorosis
While the condition is permanent, several cosmetic treatments are available to improve
tooth appearance:
Teeth whitening: Helps reduce mild discoloration
Microabrasion: Removes superficial enamel layers
Composite bonding or veneers: Covers severe staining and damage
Crowns: Used in extreme cases with enamel breakdown
Conclusion
Dental fluorosis is a preventable condition resulting from excessive fluoride intake during
tooth development. Although fluoride is a powerful tool in caries prevention, careful monitoring
and responsible use are essential to avoid fluorosis. Early education, community awareness, and
access to safe water are key strategies in prevention. Where fluorosis has already occurred,
modern dentistry offers effective cosmetic solutions to restore confidence and oral aesthetics.
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