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THE SCIENTIFIC THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE EFFECTIVE
ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL LESSONS OF FUTURE
TEACHERS OF EDUCATIONAL SUBJECTS
Sheralieva Nasiba Alimkulovna
Gulistan State Pedagogical
Institute independent researcher
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14033052
Annotation:
the article covers regulatory legal acts-the concept of science,
State Educational Standards, Curriculum, methodological recommendations,
calendar-plans, technologies for teaching science, lesson developments,
additional resources that reveal the goals and objectives of the
discipline"upbringing".The curriculum and textbooks of the discipline"
upbringing " emphasize the formation of skills such as patriotism,
entrepreneurship, willpower, ideological immunity, kindness, responsiveness,
tolerance, legal culture, innovative thinking, hard work. In particular, national
traditions, life and ways of the Great Gods, works, the activities of contemporary
heroes were widely used as an example in this. Advanced technology and
methods of teaching, such as "Project-based teaching", "interest-based teaching",
"Art-fest", "exemplifying", "teaching through examples", "situation analysis",
which are popular worldwide today, have been used in teaching topics.
Keywords:
upbringing, science, program, work, responsiveness,
tolerance, law culture, innovation, ideology, Immunity, Project.
According to the data, in general secondary institutions, the subject of
"upbringing" is taught 1 hour a week in grades 1-11, and 34 hours during the
school year. A methodological manual was also developed for teachers, which
included modern approaches to organizing classes in the subject of
"upbringing". A manual entitled" technology for teaching the discipline" was
prepared for publication. In order to create an information platform for
educational and methodological support in the field of" education", the internet
network www.tarbiyam.uz in the domain, a database was created that provides
methodological assistance to the teacher, in which information and tasks for the
subject are described. Regulatory legal documents revealing the goals and
objectives of the discipline "education" for teachers-the concept of science, State
Educational Standards, Curriculum, methodological recommendations, calendar-
plans, technologies for teaching science, lesson developments, additional
resources are being placed on this platform.
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There are also special rucks for students and parents on the
platform.Textbooks of" discipline " for grades 1-11 were created, and 21 videos
on the topics in it were included in the textbooks with a QR code. To what extent
is the emphasis in these textbooks on the use of modern pedagogical
technologies that teach young people to think and serve to educate them as
Patriots, faithful to our national values? The curriculum and textbooks of"
upbringing " have a special emphasis on the formation of skills such as
patriotism, entrepreneurship, willpower, ideological immunity,
kindness, responsiveness, tolerance, legal culture, innovative thinking, hard
work. In particular, national traditions, life and ways of the Great Gods, works,
the activities of contemporary heroes were widely used as an example in this.
Advanced technology and methods of teaching, such as "Project-based teaching",
"interest-based teaching", "Art-fest", "exemplifying", "teaching through
examples", "situation analysis", which are popular worldwide today, have been
used in teaching topics.
The Cabinet of ministers adopted Resolution No. 422 of 06.07.2020 "on
measures for the gradual implementation of the discipline "upbringing" in
general secondary educational institutions". The unified discipline " upbringing
"combines in grades 1-9 – the 2020-2021 academic year, and in grades 10-11-
the subjects" etiquette"," sense of Homeland"," The idea of national
independence and the basics of spirituality "and" the history of world religions "
within the framework of the General hours allocated from the 2021-2022
academic year.
The document confirmed the following: - the composition of the group
coordinating the creation of textbooks and educational and methodological
complexes on the subject of "upbringing" for students of general secondary
educational institutions; - the composition of the group of developers on the
creation of textbooks and educational and methodological complexes on the
subject of "upbringing" for students of general secondary educational
institutions; - the concept of the subject "upbringing" for students of general
secondary educational institutions. The following tasks were assigned to the
Ministry of public education: - Development and approval of the state
educational standard and curricula of general secondary education in the subject
of" upbringing"; - Formation of orders for textbooks and educational and
methodological complexes on a new subject intended for grades 1-9 of general
secondary educational institutions for the 2020-2021 academic year by July 10,
2020 and for grades 10-11 for the 2021-2022 academic year by December 1; -
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Conclusion of contracts with public and private publishing and printing
organizations on the basis of exceptionally declared prices for printing
textbooks and educational and methodological complexes intended for grades 1-
9 by July 15, 2020 and for grades 10-11 by May 1, 2021; - Organization of
printing textbooks and educational and methodological complexes on the
subject of" upbringing " until the beginning of the new academic year and
ensuring their delivery to the places; - From July 2020, until the beginning of the
new academic year, on the basis of training programs and textbooks prepared
for the subject of "upbringing", the organization of targeted training courses in
the online form of "Education" in regional centers for teachers of Science with
the specialties "Primary Education", "National idea and law", "history" and
"Religious Studies; - experimental testing of textbooks and educational and
methodological complexes prepared from a new subject during training courses.
The document defines: -The costs associated with the preparation and
printing of textbooks and educational-methodological complexes on the subject
of" upbringing " for publication, delivery, payment of fees to the developers are
included in the total cost of textbooks and educational-methodological
complexes; - The costs of purchasing and supplying textbooks and educational
complexes on the subject of" upbringing " include students of the 1st grade of
general secondary educational institutions, orphanages, specialized schools and
boarding schools for children with disabilities in physical or mental
development, children of families in need of social assistance and the publication
of textbooks, multimedia applications and educational and methodological
complexes for teachers on; – providing students with textbooks on the basis of
rent-will be covered by the funds of the Republican Target Book Fund under the
Ministry of public education. - The following tasks were assigned to the Ministry
of higher and secondary special education, the Committee on Religious Affairs
under the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of public education: - In 2020-2023,
"primary education", "history" (by country and Region), "history teaching
methodology", "philology and Language Teaching: Uzbek language", "Uzbek
language and literature", "national idea, fundamentals of spirituality and law
education", "pedagogy and psychology", "theology and Islamic Studies (Islamic
history and sourcing)"of republican institutions of Higher EducatiIn 2020-2023,
"primary education", "history" (by country and Region), "history teaching
methodology", "philology and Language Teaching: Uzbek language", "Uzbek
language and literature", "national idea, fundamentals of spirituality and law
education", "pedagogy and psychology", "theology and Islamic Studies (Islamic
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history and sourcing)"of republican institutions of Higher Education, Taking the
necessary measures to give graduates of educational areas" psychology
(sociopsychology of religion) "the right to teach the subject of" upbringing " in
general secondary education schools and making
approprinth.
The costs of procurement and delivery of textbooks and educational
complexes on the subject of” upbringing " are covered by the Republican budget
and funds of the Republican Target Book Fund under the Ministry of public
education. The decision approved the concept of the subject “upbringing” for
students of general secondary educational institutions. The cluster method of
teaching the subject “upbringing” in primary education is an important factor in
the elimination of pedagogical complexes. Pedagogical conflict is a set of
conflicts that arise as a result of mutual misunderstanding in the process of
education and upbringing. At the time of Anyni, pedagogical conflict is a fleeting
conflict, conflict and discord, and there are options for their elimination. In this
sense, in the process of teaching the subject of” upbringing " in a cluster method,
there are opportunities to eliminate the following pedagogical conflicts: 1.
Conflict in the student's self. In the self of an elementary student, conflicts
sometimes arise that need to be resolved pedagogically, such as whims,
disinterest in acquiring knowledge, prioritizing personal interests. "Discipline"
eliminates conflicts in the student's self by implying identity.
The Signification of identity is achieved by introducing nationality,
homeland and ancestry to the reader. For example, for this, awakening in the
reader a feeling of love for the mother tongue gives the observed effect. In this
respect, the following lines from the poem “mother tongue” by the poet Zulfiya
Muminova can be memorized and explained the meaning: From Orkhun to
Enasai - Haqan tilim, Sultan tilim say, Say a slice of Khos Hajibe-Eshan Eshan,
There is no greater than you for me. Mother tongue-bozrukvar Shahim. You are
there, so there is an Uzbek, My mother tongue is alampanohim. Such poems
introduce the reader to their identity, namely nationality, homeland, and
ancestral identity. As a result, the various conflicts that occur in the personality
of the student naturally disappear. 2. The student's conflict with others. Since an
elementary student is in physical, spiritual, and mental growth, it sometimes
arises that he is in conflict with others. Such contradictions are manifested in
such manifestations as rude attitude, disrespect, always striving to be the first.
The subject of "upbringing" has the opportunity to consistently solve such
pedagogical complexes. In the experience of Uzbek upbringing, several ways are
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described in this regard. For example, Abraham Qassar (9th century) says: "two
things in this world of Man destroy the excitations in their hearts: 1) peer-to-
peer conversation; 2) Service to mentors” So, in the process of teaching”
upbringing", the conflicts that arise with others in an elementary student can be
overcome by teaching them to talk and serve. According to him, an elementary
school student who has a conflict in his heart with others is encouraged to talk
more with his comrades (peers), and gradually gets used to being at the service
of his teachers. In this respect, having the skills of conversation and service
eliminates the feeling of students entering into conflict with others. 3) the
student's conflict with the teacher.
In an elementary student, sometimes, under the influence of various
factors, conflicts arise, such as not entering the word of his teacher, not doing
what he says, lying to him. Such conflict is often caused by the negative word or
opinion of peers or seniors about the mentor. For this reason, the teacher
(teacher or mentor) must prematurely understand such conflicts, find reasons.
Abu Ja'far Sumani (9th century), one of the noble thinkers, says: "Seni 1) friend-
scares from sin; 2) Companion-shows your guilt; 3) Brother-elted to reality” In
this respect, it is advisable for the teacher to accept the student as a friend,
companion and brother in order to eliminate the conflicts that arise in the
student towards him. Given the attention, the process of upbringing in the
experience of our national pedagogy is based on timely elimination of
pedagogical conflicts that occur in educators. For this, the Comprehensive
activity of the teacher and the student is relied on.
Therefore, it is advisable to rely on the experiences of our national
pedagogy when teaching “upbringing” to elementary students. After all, the
system of overcoming pedagogical conflicts in the process of teaching the
subject” upbringing " in primary education on the basis of the cluster method is
perceived
as follows (drawing 6). Such an approach allows primary school students to
eliminate pedagogical
conflicts in time when teaching the subject “upbringing”. To do this, the teacher
must always act as an aspiring innovator, accepting the educator as a companion
and guiding him.
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The subject” upbringing " is new in the educational system of our country,
the basics, methods and technologies of its teaching should be developed.
Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the skills of the teachers of this subject,
prepare the teachers of the future primary class for it and carry out a large-scale
scientific research work on problems. It is desirable that the experiences in this
regard be coordinated. In the theory and practice of pedagogical conflicts, the
following characteristics of students are considered: - changes in the mind of the
reader; - what is happening in the moral understanding of the reader; - the
environment that covers the reader; - attitude of the reader to others; - the
student's interest in learning. Given the attention, these features are clearly
noticeable in elementary school students.
Therefore, providing them with an educational and educational
environment is an important issue. To do this, it is necessary to observe the
atmosphere of upbringing being received in the family, study the atmosphere of
school education and become aware of changes in the personality of the student.
In the Prevention of pedagogical conflicts, the activity of teachers and coaches is
primary. Therefore, in the process of upbringing, the status of teachers and
coaches is a priority, according to which parents and the school team are
involved in the educational process based on their conclusions. In conclusion,
today, in the process of higher pedagogical education, it is advisable to prepare
Teaching of educational subjects in the cluster method
1-Stage
2-Stage
3-Stage
Determination of
pedagogical competence.
Looking for a
way to solve
the problem.
Identification of
participants in solving
the problem.
Pedagogy to determine the
manifestations of
consistency.
Choosing a
method for
solving the
problem.
Solving the problem in
the short term
Observation and study.
Determination
of the
achievements
of science.
Use of educational
resources.
Effective elimination of pedagogical competence.
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teachers of the future primary class for the effective organization of educational
classes, to develop theoretical knowledge and professional orientation in them.
To do this, future specialists should be armed with methods of dividing,
individual observation and solving their problems from scientific research on
the effective organization of training classes.
List of literature used:
1.Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “on education”of September 23, 2020.
https:G ' Glex.uzgdocsg‘5013007
2.Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022
“on the development strategy of new Uzbekistan for 2022-2026” PF-60
3.Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan PF-4947 of February 7,
2017 “on the strategy of Action for the further development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan”is a set of legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan. - T.: 2017,
No. 6, p.70.
4.Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 5847 “on approval of
the concept of development of the higher education system of the Republic of
Uzbekistan until 2030” dated October 8, 2019
5.Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 6097 of October 29,
2020 “on approval of the concept of development of Science until 2030”
6.The decision of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan “on measures for
the further development of the higher education system” of PQ-2909 of April 20,
2017
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8.Ishmukhamedov R.J. Improving educational efficiency using innovative
technology. - TDPU. 2004. 35 b.
9. Phorobius. City of Fozil people. - T.: A.People's heritage named after Kadiri.
10. Rakhimov S. Abu Ali ibn Sino is about education. - Tashkent: Teacher, 1967. -
99 b.
11. Rozigov O. Development of creative abilities in elementary school students. -
T.: 1996. -27 b.
12. Yusupov E., Ismailov F. Human perfection. - T.: Uzbekistan, 1995. - 240 pp.
13. Choriev A. Human philosophy. Book two. Independent person. - T.: Maple
ENK, 2002. - 271 b.
14.Jumaev M.E. Education of pedagogical culture of teachers of the future
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15.Ibragimov R. Didactic foundations of the formation of cognitive activity in
students of primary education: dock.diss.ped.fan. Tashkent.:2001, p. 251.
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