№ 02 (2025) ILMIY TADQIQOTLAR VA ULARNING YECHIMLARI JURNALI

Bul maqalada qaraqalpaq qaharmanlıq dástanlarında hám liro-epikalıq dástanlarında hayal-qízlar obrazíníń súwretleniwi, qaharmanlıq dástanlarında qız-jeńgelerdiń mártligi, túrli jawlarǵa qarsı qaharmanlıq gúres kórsetiwi  haqqında sóz etiledi.  

 ushbu maqolada endofit mikroorganizmlar – bu o‘simlik to‘qimalarida yashovchi, biroq ularga zarar yetkazmaydigan mikroorganizmlar bo‘lib, ular o‘zaro foydali aloqalar orqali o‘simliklar hayotiy faoliyatini yaxshilaydi. Ushbu mikroorganizmlar o‘zlarining ikkilamchi metabolitlar ishlab chiqarish qobiliyati tufayli farmakologik va biotexnologik jihatdan katta ahamiyatga ega. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatmoqdaki, endofitlar tomonidan sintez qilinadigan bioaktiv moddalar antibakterial, antifungal, antivirus, antikansoregen, immunostimulyator va yallig‘lanishga qarshi xususiyatlarga ega bo‘lib, ularning farmatsevtik qo‘llanilish salohiyati juda keng. Ayniqsa, Taxomyces andreanae tomonidan ishlab chiqariladigan taksol, Fusarium turlaridan olingan camptothecin kabi moddalar saraton kasalliklariga qarshi dori vositalarining asosiy komponentlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Shu bilan birga, endofitlar biotexnologiyada fermentlar ishlab chiqarishda, o‘simlik himoyasida, biopreparatlar yaratishda va atrof-muhitni bioremediasiya qilishda keng qo‘llanilmoqda. Biotransformatsiya va genetik muhandislik usullari orqali bu mikroorganizmlarning faoliyatini optimallashtirish imkoniyati ham mavjud. Ushbu maqola endofit mikroorganizmlarning farmakologik ahamiyati, ularning ishlab chiqarayotgan bioaktiv metabolitlari va biotexnologik sohalardagi qo‘llanilishi haqida ilmiy-analitik yondashuv asosida tahlil qiladi. Yangi dori vositalarini yaratish va ekologik toza texnologiyalarni ishlab chiqishda endofitlarning o‘rni yildan-yilga ortib bormoqda. Shu sababli, bu mikroorganizmlarni chuqur o‘rganish nafaqat ilmiy, balki amaliy jihatdan ham dolzarb hisoblanadi.

В условиях стремительного развития цифровых технологий и активной трансформации предпринимательской деятельности всё большее значение приобретают электронные сделки как новая форма гражданско-правовых отношений. В данной работе рассматриваются особенности правового регулирования прав и обязанностей сторон в процессе заключения и исполнения электронных сделок. Особое внимание уделено вопросам идентификации участников, установления юридически значимого волеизъявления, защиты информации и соблюдения требований электронной формы. Анализируются национальные нормы и зарубежный опыт. Обоснована необходимость уточнения правового режима ответственности сторон, особенно при нарушении условий заключённой сделки, а также усиления прав потребителей и участников оборота в онлайн-пространстве. Сделан вывод о необходимости адаптации законодательства к новым цифровым вызовам и повышения уровня правовой защиты субъектов предпринимательства в электронных сделках.

 Ushbu maqolada oila qurish jarayonida ginekologiyaning ahamiyati va reproduktiv sog‘liqni saqlashning asosiy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Ginekologiyaning oila hayotidagi o‘rni, reproduktiv salomatlikni yaxshilash, onalik va ota-ona tayyorgarligini ta’minlashdagi roli yoritilgan. Tadqiqot metodologiyasi sifatida adabiyotlarni o‘rganish, statistik ma’lumotlar tahlili va sog‘liqni saqlash sohasidagi amaliy tajribalar asosida baholash usuli qo‘llanildi. Maqola oila mustahkamligi va sog‘lom avlod yetishtirishda ginekologiyaning o‘rni va samaradorligini yoritishga qaratilgan.

Maqolada Lalmikor dehqonchilik ilmiy-tadqiqot institutida tritikale “Sardor” navi ekish me’yorlari (2,5 mln, 3,0 mln va 3,5 mln) dona unuvchan urug‘, ma’danli o‘g‘itlar bilan (nazorat, P30K30 Fon, Fon+N30, Fon+N40, Fon+N50) me’yorlarda oziqlantirishning quruq modda to‘plashiga ta’siri o‘rganilgan va olingan natijalar asosida ilmiy asoslangan.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang`ich sinfda o`quvchilar orasida ingliz tili fanini o‘rganish mobaynida so`z boyligini oshirish uchun turli xildagi o`yinlar tahlil qilinadi.O`quvchilar o`rtasida kuchliroq ma`noga ega bo`lgan so`zlarni qo`llab o`yinlar o`ynash ommalashib bormoqda. Yangi so`zlardan foydalanib xar hil o`yinlarni o`ynash orqali o`quvchilar ongida so`zlarni saqlanib qolishi oson va samarali usullari ko ‘rib chiqiladi. Bu esa o`z navbatida o`quvchilarni ingliz tilini o`rganishga bo`lgan qiziqishlari yanada ortadi hamda til ko`nikmalarini oshirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Bugungi kunda raqamli iqtisodiyot mamlakat farovonligini oshirish uchun eng tez rivojlanayotgan va samarali ish berayotgan tarmoqlardan biri hisoblanadi. Eng jannatmisol yurt O’zbekiston, raqamli texnologiyalarni o’z iqtisodiy taraqqiyotining asosiy omili sifatida qabul qilgan. Raqamli iqtisodiyotning shakllanishi, elektron tijorat va aholi bandligini ta’minlashga ijobiy ta’sir ko’rsatib, O’zbekistonning iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy o’sishiga yangi imkoniyatlarni yaratmoqda. Bu maqola raqamli iqtisodiyot rivojlangani sari aholi bandligi ortishi va jamiyatning ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayotiga ta’sirini O’zbekiston misolida tahlil qiladi. Shuningdek, bu borada paydo bo’layotgan mavjud muammolar aniqlanadi va vaziyatni yaxshilash bo’yicha ma’qul yechimlar taklif etiladi.

This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of traditional English language teaching methods and AI-assisted instruction. With the advancement of artificial intelligence in education, tools such as language learning apps, chatbots, and generative AI models like ChatGPT are increasingly integrated into classrooms. This research evaluates both approaches in terms of student performance, engagement, and satisfaction. Using a quasi-experimental design with two student groups, the study analyzes quantitative outcomes through pre- and post-tests and qualitative data through surveys and classroom observations. Results indicate that while traditional methods offer structured and teacher-guided learning, AI-assisted instruction significantly enhances learner autonomy, motivation, and personalized feedback. The paper concludes with implications for integrating both methodologies to optimize English language instruction.

Хронические гинекологические заболевания (эндометриоз, миома, воспалительные процессы малого таза, синдром поликистозных яичников и др.) сопровождаются не только физическими, но и выраженными психоэмоциональными нарушениями. Женщины часто сталкиваются с тревожностью, депрессией, снижением самооценки и качества жизни. В статье рассматриваются механизмы влияния хронической патологии на психику, важность раннего выявления психоэмоциональных расстройств и необходимость мультидисциплинарного подхода в лечении таких пациенток.

This study explores the fascinating world of folk healing through a comparative socio-linguistic lens, focusing specifically on the derivation of terms associated with its ritual and spiritual dimensions. Folk healing, deeply embedded in cultural traditions, often employs a unique lexicon that reflects indigenous beliefs, historical influences, and the interplay between language and healing practices. By analyzing lexical units in various languages, particularly English and Uzbek, this research aims to uncover the etymological roots, semantic shifts, and derivational processes that have shaped the terminology surrounding ritualistic actions, spiritual beliefs, and the roles of healers. The study highlights how linguistic evolution mirrors the changing understanding and practice of folk medicine, emphasizing the interconnectedness of language, culture, and health.

This study investigates the impact of gamification on student engagement and learning outcomes in English language classrooms. Gamification the use of game-like elements such as points, badges, and leaderboards has gained popularity as an innovative method to increase motivation and active participation. While many educators believe gamified learning environments make language acquisition more enjoyable and effective, others argue that these techniques may distract students from deeper cognitive engagement. This research explores students’ and teachers’ perceptions of gamification through surveys and classroom observations in upper-intermediate EFL classes. The findings reveal that, when implemented thoughtfully, gamification can enhance motivation, foster friendly competition, and support vocabulary retention. However, excessive or poorly structured gamified elements may lead to reduced focus on learning objectives. The study concludes with practical recommendations for integrating gamification in a balanced and pedagogically meaningful way.

Целью данного исследования является оценить особенности гуморального иммунного ответа у пациентов с первичной ВИЧ-инфекцией на основании анализа уровней основных классов иммуноглобулинов. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 90 пациентов с первичной ВИЧ-инфекцией и 20 здоровых лиц. Оценивали уровни IgA, IgM, IgG и IgE в сыворотке крови. Использовались стандартные методы иммунотурбидиметрии и ИФА. Статистическая обработка включала сравнение средних значений, определение стандартного отклонения и уровня значимости различий (p<0,05). Результаты. У пациентов с первичной ВИЧ-инфекцией выявлено достоверное повышение всех исследуемых иммуноглобулинов по сравнению с контрольной группой. Наиболее выраженные изменения отмечены по IgE (повышение в 85 раз) и IgG (в 2,5 раза). Заключение. Первичная ВИЧ-инфекция сопровождается гиперпродукцией иммуноглобулинов, что отражает системную поликлональную активацию В-клеток и дисрегуляцию гуморального звена иммунитета.

This topic emphasizes that translation should not only be a literal translation, but also an understanding and consideration of cultural differences. Each language may have its own customs, values, idioms, and forms of humor. If the translator ignores these cultural elements, the translation may be inaccurate or unclear. Therefore, the accuracy and naturalness of the translation depends on a correct understanding of the cultural context. In this article, I will explain how cultural context plays a huge role in translation and can even be an important bridge between different nationalities.

Mazkur maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida faoliyat yuritayotgan milliy musiqa to‘garagi rahbarining pedagogik mahoratini shakllantirish, uning ijodiy yondashuvi,ijodiy tarbiya berishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, to‘garak faoliyatida tanlanadigan repertuar mazmuni, uning yoshlar dunyoqarashi va milliy o‘zlikni anglashga ta’siri haqida ham fikr yuritiladi.

 Butun dunyo o‘rmonlarini muhofaza qilish inson salomatligi uchun eng asosiy vazifadir, qolaversa suv resurslarini tejash, atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish, barqaror o‘rmonning atrof-muhiti, yovvoyi tabiati va o‘rmon jamoalarining ehtiyojlarini muvozanatlashtirish, o‘rmonning tabiat va inson hayotidagi ahamiyati tog’risida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

This article explores the significance and application potential of modern thermal insulation materials in conserving heat energy in buildings and industrial facilities. Research shows that 30–40% of heat energy is lost through building structures. To reduce such losses, high-performance, environmentally safe, and durable materials—such as aerogels, vacuum insulation panels, polyurethane foams, and mineral wool—are being introduced. The paper discusses the characteristics of these materials, their areas of application, and their impact on energy efficiency.

 Today, the process of teaching the Russian language is of great importance on a global scale. This article is aimed at analyzing modern methodological approaches in teaching Russian, revealing the importance of applying innovative technologies that serve to improve the professional competencies of teachers, increase students' interest, and develop their communicative skills. The article details the effectiveness of teaching Russian through a communicative approach, integrated learning, multiculturalism, and the application of information and communication technologies (ICT). Recommendations will also be given for the further development of the educational process by studying international experience and analyzing existing problems. This research has practical significance for representatives of the field of education, teachers, and researchers.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the psychological mechanisms behind the development of concentration in university students. Core aspects such as attention stability, distractibility, acuity, and dynamics are examined as central variables. Attention-enhancing training methods, psychocorrectional approaches, technological tools, and motivational influences are evaluated through psychological experimentation. The findings emphasize the significance of individualized strategies and consistent practice in fostering student concentration.

This article explores the significance and application potential of modern thermal insulation materials in conserving heat energy in buildings and industrial facilities. Research shows that 30–40% of heat energy is lost through building structures. To reduce such losses, high-performance, environmentally safe, and durable materials—such as aerogels, vacuum insulation panels, polyurethane foams, and mineral wool—are being introduced. The paper discusses the characteristics of these materials, their areas of application, and their impact on energy efficiency.

Today, the process of teaching the Russian language is of great importance on a global scale. This article is aimed at analyzing modern methodological approaches in teaching Russian, revealing the importance of applying innovative technologies that serve to improve the professional competencies of teachers, increase students' interest, and develop their communicative skills. The article details the effectiveness of teaching Russian through a communicative approach, integrated learning, multiculturalism, and the application of information and communication technologies (ICT). Recommendations will also be given for the further development of the educational process by studying international experience and analyzing existing problems. This research has practical significance for representatives of the field of education, teachers, and researchers.