No. 1 (2025) International Journal of Political Sciences and Economics

This article explores the impact of land cadastre on investment processes and modern methodological approaches to its assessment. The role of the cadastre system as a key factor in investment activity is analyzed. Reliable data on land resources is considered a crucial element for investors. The study is based on advanced international practices. The article proposes ways to improve the investment climate through land cadastre systems.

Cyber insurance has emerged as a critical tool in mitigating the financial risks associated with cyber threats. As the frequency and complexity of cyberattacks continue to rise, businesses across various industries are increasingly turning to cyber insurance to protect themselves against financial losses, legal liabilities, and reputational damage. This article explores the key components of cyber insurance, including first-party and third-party coverage, policy exclusions, and the evolving market trends. It examines the growing demand for cyber insurance, the factors influencing policy selection, and the regulatory developments that shape the industry. Additionally, the article discusses the challenges and opportunities presented by emerging risks, such as artificial intelligence and deepfake technologies, which require insurers to continuously adapt their offerings. The role of cyber insurance in the broader context of cybersecurity risk management is emphasized, highlighting its complementary function in a comprehensive digital defense strategy.

The given problem is directly connected with development of explosive force, is an actual problem in high speed-power kinds of sports. Levels of explosive abilities during competitions often are a determinative of achievement of a victory. It is proved, that exercises with device "SPORK" use in vertical jumps are accelerated by development of explosive actions of sportsmen and it positively influences competitive result of young wrestlers.

This article describes the role of women in Uzbekistan in the fields of charity, education, science, and culture, as well as their contributions to the development and activities of various sectors. In addition to delivering essential supplies to the front, Uzbekistan's women adopted and raised many children of different nationalities during the evacuation, showing parental love. In the victory over fascism, they demonstrated not only at the front but also in the rear an example of pride, invaluable worth, and great courage characteristic of the Uzbek people.

This article examines the processes of museification of historical and architectural monuments of residential buildings in Uzbekistan, using the example of the Faiyzulla Khodjaev House Museum in Bukhara. Although this monument spans a long period (late 19th – early 20th century), no information has been preserved regarding the date of its construction or the local craftsmen who created the interior decorative elements. The article also analyzes the gradual processes of the restoration of the object.

 This article examines the emergence and development of Zoroastrian beliefs. Like other beliefs, Zoroastrianism has had a significant place in people's lives. It also reveals that some elements of the rituals of this faith have been preserved to this day. It also provides information about the discovery of elements of the Zoroastrian funeral ritual at archaeological sites.

 This article examines the processes of preserving and presenting the art of carpet weaving as intangible cultural heritage in museums. It provides an in-depth analysis of the role of museums in safeguarding national craft traditions and conveying their historical and artistic significance to future generations. The article considers issues of scientific research, exhibitions, and presentations of carpets, and substantiates the importance of the museumification process in preserving and promoting cultural heritage. Additionally, the article demonstrates the significance of museums in tourism and cultural education processes.

The article discusses the issue of developing the tourism industry in the Republic of Karakalpakstan in the context of museum exhibitions of existing resources. New and modern approaches to tourism through the prism of museums, including innovative solutions, museum pedagogy elements, and the application of interactive technologies, are considered. The materials used in practice, obtained from archaeological and ethnographic research, as well as artifacts that can attract the attention of visitors, are analyzed. It is also emphasized that museum pedagogy can effectively solve the issues of ideological education of young people by combining tourist and museum perception.

This article highlights the contribution of the renowned Uzbek archaeologist, Academician Akhmadali Askarov, to the enrichment of museum collections in Uzbekistan. Special attention is given to the exhibitions created based on artifacts donated by the scholar, as well as to the unique exhibits displayed in these museums.

This article explores the historical evolution of agrarian relations in Uzbekistan from the second half of the 19th century through the 20th century. It examines the transformation of land ownership, irrigation systems, the role of the Russian Empire and Soviet policies, and their impact on local agricultural practices and rural society. The study highlights the continuity and change in land relations, emphasizing the role of reforms, colonial influence, and socialist collectivization in shaping Uzbekistan’s agrarian landscape.

In this article are presented for the first-time mirrors from China which are stored in collection of the State Museum of the history of Uzbekistan (Tashkent). On the basis of the resulted analogies authors determine dating of mirrors, and also assort symbolics of images.

Japan's state policy to eliminate discrimination in the labor sector focuses on gender equality, the protection of the rights of foreign workers, and combating age-based discrimination. This article is dedicated to the key priorities of Japan's anti-discrimination policies in the labor sector. The policy reflects measures aimed at reducing instances of discrimination based on gender, age, race, nationality, and other social groups within the labor market. It analyzes legal norms, including laws on equal opportunities and additional strategic programs designed to ensure equal employment opportunities and create a fair competitive environment. Furthermore, the article provides information on the social and economic impacts of these policies, the benefits created for participants in the labor market, and prospective measures to ensure inclusivity. This approach reflects Japan's global experience and strategic decisions aimed at improving labor relations, embodying the aspirations to establish an effective system for combating discrimination.

Budget treasury execution plays a crucial role in the effective management of public finances. It ensures that government expenditures are carried out efficiently, transparently, and in accordance with fiscal policies. Treasury execution involves cash management, financial reporting, and control mechanisms that optimize resource allocation and minimize financial risks. By streamlining budget execution, governments can enhance fiscal discipline, improve accountability, and support economic stability. The integration of digital technologies in treasury operations further strengthens financial oversight and enhances public sector efficiency.

 This article studies the concept, content, role and significance of e-government in the provision of public services from a theoretical and legal perspective. In addition, the digitalization and electronicization of public services through the e-government system, methods of implementing services, its main functions and objectives are analyzed legally on the basis of national legislation. At the same time, this article puts forward proposals on the prospects for using e-government services, cost savings, efficiency gains and service improvements that can be achieved through the use of digital platforms.

This article explores the essence of financial economic activity in educational institutions, its theoretical foundations and effective management processes. Issues such as financial management in the educational system, rational use of budgetary funds, compilation of financial statements and resource management were considered. As a result of the study, conclusions were presented on the specifics of the financial activities of educational institutions, their problems and ways to solve them.

Tourism is a crucial sector in the development of Uzbekistan’s economy, contributing significantly to GDP growth, employment generation, and local business expansion. This presentation examines how Uzbekistan’s rich cultural heritage, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites, plays a key role in attracting millions of tourists annually. The resulting increase in tourist arrivals boosts revenue in sectors such as hospitality, transportation, and trade, while also driving infrastructure improvements. By highlighting the economic and social impact of tourism, this study emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices to ensure long-term growth, cultural preservation, and improved living standards for the Uzbek population.

This article discusses the methods of learning English using blended learning methods. It analyzes how the combination of traditional and modern pedagogical approaches can increase the effectiveness of the educational process. The advantages of blended learning methods are discussed, including ways to make the language learning process more interesting and effective through a combination of interactive technologies, a communicative approach, and independent learning methods. The article also discusses the role of real-life activities in the formation of language competence.

This article analyzes the issues of managing inclusive training of teachers in the educational process based on a competency-based approach. The professional training of teachers in an inclusive educational environment, their role in the formation of special competencies, and modern management approaches are considered. The use of a competency-based approach in inclusive education opens up opportunities for improving the pedagogical skills of teachers, improving the quality of education, and forming an education system that meets the individual needs of each student. The article also discusses innovative methods and model-based approaches to effectively manage the inclusive education process.

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is associated with increased risks during pregnancy, including gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and complications during labor and delivery. This article reviews current evidence on the management of pregnancy in obese women and proposes an integrative approach for optimizing both maternal and fetal outcomes. A systematic review of recent literature and clinical guidelines was undertaken, focusing on preconception counseling, antepartum care, intrapartum management, and postpartum follow-up. The methodology emphasized interdisciplinary collaboration, risk stratification, and individualized care plans. Our findings indicate that tailored interventions—such as nutritional counseling, physical activity promotion, pharmacologic management for coexisting conditions, and specialized obstetric care—can significantly reduce adverse outcomes. In addition, emerging technologies (e.g., ultrasound imaging modifications and noninvasive fetal monitoring) and simulation-based obstetric training have the potential to further refine care protocols. Despite promising advances, challenges persist in standardizing protocols across diverse healthcare settings and in ensuring equitable access to comprehensive care. In conclusion, a multifaceted strategy that integrates evidence-based clinical practices, patient education, and policy-level support is essential for improving the trajectory of pregnancy and delivery in obese women. Future research should focus on long-term maternal and child health outcomes, cost-effectiveness of interventions, and the development of standardized protocols adaptable to various resource settings.

Late postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), defined as excessive bleeding occurring after the first 24 hours and up to six weeks postpartum, remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity. This prospective multicenter observational study aimed to identify prognostic factors associated with the development of late PPH and to evaluate their predictive value. A total of 650 postpartum women were enrolled and followed for six weeks postpartum. Data collected included clinical characteristics, obstetric history, laboratory parameters, and imaging findings. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified key predictors, including uterine subinvolution, retained products of conception, infection markers, and coagulation profile abnormalities [1]. The presence of these factors was significantly associated with an increased risk of late PPH (adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.1 to 3.5, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the need for targeted surveillance and early intervention strategies in high-risk populations to improve maternal outcomes [2].

Habitual intolerance—defined as a pervasive inability to endure discomfort, disagreement, or perceived adversity—has emerged as a pressing psychological and social concern in modern societies. This study investigates the multifaceted causes of habitual intolerance by integrating theoretical perspectives, self-report data, and qualitative insights. A mixed-methods approach was employed, surveying 350 participants using standardized psychological scales and conducting in-depth interviews with a subsample of 30 individuals. Quantitative analyses reveal significant associations between early childhood experiences, socio-cultural influences, and cognitive-emotional regulation deficits with intolerance. Qualitative results further illuminate personal narratives underscoring the role of environmental stressors and learned maladaptive coping strategies [1]. Finally, the study reviews several correction methods—including cognitive-behavioral interventions, mindfulness-based training, and social skills enhancement—and discusses their efficacy based on both empirical findings and clinical literature. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of preventative strategies, therapeutic practices, and future research directions [2].

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women of reproductive age remains a global public health challenge. Effective management during pregnancy and delivery is critical to reduce the risks of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and to optimize both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study and systematic literature review were conducted to evaluate the current strategies in managing HIV-infected pregnant women. Clinical data from 250 HIV-positive pregnant patients, managed at a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2020, were analyzed. Key outcome measures included rates of MTCT, obstetric complications, mode of delivery, and postpartum outcomes. Additionally, findings from recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were synthesized. Results: The analysis showed that integrated multidisciplinary care—including antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, regular prenatal monitoring, and tailored delivery planning—significantly reduced the MTCT rate to below 2%. Table 1 summarizes the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohort, while Table 2 presents a comparative overview of pregnancy outcomes based on the timing of ART initiation. Obstetric complications such as preterm labor and low birth weight were more prevalent in women who initiated ART late in pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Conclusion: Optimal management of pregnancy and delivery in HIV-infected women necessitates early diagnosis, prompt initiation of ART, and comprehensive prenatal care. Future research should focus on long-term maternal and child health outcomes and strategies to overcome barriers in resource-limited settings.

This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of reading short narratives in enhancing the Critical Thinking (CT) skills of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. This focus stems from the widespread presence of narratives in various aspects of human life and the essential role that CT plays in guiding students toward success in both academic and non-academic settings. To achieve this, the study involved 59 undergraduate EFL students majoring in English translation. Ultimately, 54 participants were selected, with 27 individuals assigned to each of the two groups: the narrative group (which engaged with the national fairy tale “Zumrad and Kimmat”) and the control group that did not use narratives. This selection considered the participants' language proficiency and CT skills to ensure group homogeneity.

This article is focused on exploring the role and importance of coaching and mentoring methods in developing the leadership skills of school principals. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of coaching and mentoring, their role in enhancing the personal and professional competencies of school principals, as well as the challenges faced in implementing these methods in Uzbekistan. The article provides recommendations for the effective application of coaching and mentoring, including training qualified specialists, developing manuals and methodological materials, and reducing the gap between urban and rural schools.

in this article, we have summarized a brief overview of the role and place of market and public spaces in urban space. Markets are considered one of the most important urban elements in the past and present. While markets have changed from traditional markets to modern ones, they still have a special place in cities and settlements. The process of changing markets can also be used for in-depth analysis of society. Accordingly, this article will first try to determine market architecture in the traditional and modern sense, as well as its place in society, politically, socially, economically and religiously. The market was created in each period to meet the needs of the people of its time, but in the formation of architecture and landscaping it stands in a lower order than expected.