International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
64
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmef
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 04 2025
PAGE NO.
64-67
10.37547/ijmef/Volume05Issue04-10
The Role of Medical Technologies in The Treatment of
Endocrine Glands
Nasriddinova Shakhlo Bakhtiyorjonovna
1st year student of Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Uzbekistan
Atakhanov Sanjarbek Anvarovich
Scientific advisor, Assistant of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics and Information Technology, Uzbekistan
Received:
26 February 2025;
Accepted:
21 March 2025;
Published:
25 April 2025
Abstract:
This article is devoted to the structure and function of secretory glands. They are distinguished based
on the anatomical structure of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, individual glands and their functions.
Keywords:
Thymus, glandular gland, capsular fibrosis, ectoderm, acromegaly.
Introduction:
Currently, the medical industry is
developing consistently, and innovative technologies
play an important role for maintaining human health
and early detection of diseases. Diseases related to the
internal secretory glands - diabetes mellitus, thyroid
dysfunctions, problems related to the adrenal glands
and pituitary gland - are widespread among the
population, and their effective treatment has been
significantly improved with the help of modern
technologies. In recent years, the detection and
treatment process for these types of diseases has
become much simpler and faster, using ultrasound,
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laboratory
diagnostic equipment, as well as analysis programs
powered by artificial intelligence. At the same time,
advanced devices such as insulin pumps and hormone
monitoring devices play an important role in improving
the quality of life of patients. The article pays special
attention to the role of medical technologies, their
possibilities and practical application in the treatment
of diseases of the endocriminated glands.
METHOD
The endocrine glands are one of the most important
structures in the human div that provide hormonal
balance. Hormones produced by these glands control
all the main processes in the div - growth,
development, metabolism, reproductive functions,
psychoemotional state and many other systems. The
internal secretory system includes the pituitary, thyroid
gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, the
endocrine part of the pancreas, and the sex glands.
When the activity of these glands is disrupted, a
number of endocrine diseases occur. In particular, such
as diabetes mellitus, cases of hypothyroidism or
hyperthyroidism, adrenal insufficiency (Addison's
disease), excessive hormone production (Cushing's
syndrome), hormonal tumors and other disorders have
a serious impact on human health. Currently, these
diseases are widespread throughout the world, where
their early detection and effective treatment is carried
out using modern medical technologies.
Modern diagnostic tools play a huge role in the early
detection of endocrine diseases. For example, it is
possible to accurately measure the amount of
hormones in the blood serum through laboratory tests,
to see the structure of the thyroid gland by ultrasound,
to determine the presence of a tumor in the pituitary
or adrenal glands using magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Hereditary
endocrine syndromes are also detected with the help
of genetic tests. And this plays an important role in the
prevention of disease. The technologies used in the
treatment of endocrine diseases are also updated and
improved every year. For example, an insulin pump
International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
designed for patients with diabetes delivers the
hormone to the div at the right time and in the right
amount. And through continuous glucose monitoring
(CGM), the patient can monitor the level of glucose in
their blood in real time. Software developed on the
basis of artificial intelligence analyzes patients'
laboratory analyses and offers the doctor the optimal
treatment plan. Telemedicine services are also
becoming more important for patients with endocrine
diseases. Patients living in remote regions have the
opportunity to consult remotely with experienced
specialists. This serves to streamline the treatment
process and improve control. In conclusion, the role of
modern medical technologies in the detection and
treatment of diseases of the endocrine glands is
invaluable. The close cooperation of science and
technology serves as an important tool for the effective
fight against these diseases. The internal secretory
glands differ from the external secretory glands in that
they do not have secretory tubes in themselves. The
secretion (hormone) processed in the internal
secretory glands is absorbed directly into the blood.
Therefore, such glands are also called endocrine glands.
The internal secretory glands are arranged in different
parts of the human div, and they are supplied with a
large number of blood vessels depending on their
function (although they are small in size). For example,
if blood comes to the adrenal gland through three pairs
of blood vessels, four to five blood vessels enter the
thyroid gland. At the same time, too many nerve fibers
innervate the endocrine glands. They are connected
with the centers that control the endocrine glands.
Thus, on the one hand, the function of the endocrine
glands is controlled by the nervous system, and on the
other hand, hormones absorbed into the blood, in turn,
affect the nervous system. Internal secretion glands are
diverse. Therefore, it is desirable to call it
neurogumoral regulation, rather than hormonal
regulation of div functions. For normal functioning of
the div, hormones must be contained in the blood in
a certain quantity. The state of decrease in the amount
of hormones in the blood is called hypofunction, during
which various diseases occur. Hormones spread
throughout the div in the blood, showing their effect
on this or that process. The thyroid gland (glandula
thyroidea) is an odd gland, located in the cervical area
with the thyroid ring of the hiccup in front of the 3-4
ring above the cartilage. The goat-shaped gland is 30-
50 g in adult individuals and 1.8-2.5 g in babies. In the
subsequent growth periods of babies, the scales are
enlarged to 10-15 g. With old age, it gradually
decreases in size. But the size and size of the gland is
different in people with bull-disease, that is, when it
grows, the weight is even 1-1.5 kg. The right (lobus
dexter) and left (lobus sinister) fragments of the thyroid
gland, the intermediate part is joined together through
the neck (isthmus gl. thyroidei). About 25-30 percent of
people have a pyramidal fragment of the gland (lobus
pyramidalis), located upwards from the neck. Tumors
(trabecles) that grow out of the fibrous membrane that
surrounds the gland (capsula fibrosa) divide the gland
into fragments. The gland fragments are made up of
bubble follicles, the inner surface of which is covered
with domed cells. The composition of follicles is a thick
colloidal substance, containing iodine-rich amino acids,
protein. The composition of iodine in the gland exceeds
the composition of blood plasma by more than 300
times. The surface of the gland is covered with vascular
nets and nerve rings (stray nerve fibers). The organ cells
of the thyroid gland (glandula parathyroidea) are four,
sometimes five, and lie adhering to the posterior
surface of the thyroid gland side segments as two pairs
of glandula parathyroidea superior (a pair, a pair of
glandula parathyroidea inferior). The glands, which are
the smallest inside the endocrine glands, are about 6
mm long, 4 mm wide, and 2 mm thick. Each gland is
surrounded by a membrane rich in blood vessels.
Hormones perform the metabolism of calcium and
phosphorus. The discrete gland ( bull gland, thymus) is
made up of two pieces (lobus dexter - right and lobus
sinister - left piece) and are joined together by
connective tissue. The gland is located at the top of the
thorax (behind the pelvic bone) between the right and
left mediastinal pleura. The upper, acute part of the
gland protrudes from the cervical anterior fascia (1-1.5
cm in children) and is located behind the obsolete and
obsolete muscles. The anterior surface of the discrete
gland is concave and is located in the buttocks of the
pelvic bone and partly behind the div (ribs I-IV at the
pelvic level). Behind the gland are located the upper
part of the pericardium, the aorta and pulmonary
staples, the aorta and large vessels extending from it,
the left shoulder and the superior pelvic veins. The
discrete gland is surrounded from the outside by a
capsule (capsula thymi) consisting of thin thin
connective tissue, through which a number of barriers
(septa interlobulares) pass into the gland and divide the
gland parenchyma into small pieces. The outer part of
each fragment consists of the cortex thymi, dark in
color, and the central part of the cortex thymi (medulla
thymi) is light. One of the distinguishing features of the
discrete gland is formed at the base of the fragments
by two types of narrow - epithelial and reticular. In this
narrow are lymphocytes (here also called thymocytes),
which are somewhat more in quantity than in the
crustal substance. That's why it's dark. In the center of
the gland fragments is located a consistently located
swarm of squamous epithelial cells - thymus cells
(corpusculum thymi or Gassal cells). The discrete gland
develops as a pair of growths in embryonic progression,
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
mainly from the III jaw pockets. Thymus buds grow and
grow towards the caudal, stretch and converge with
each other. A thin, long, upper part of the bud, called
the "ductus thymopharyngeus", gradually develops
either or a separate gland from the bottom. At the 5th
month of embryonic development, it can be seen that
the discrete gland consists of several lobes. The mass of
the gland varies with age. In particular, in a newborn fry
it gets 12 g, before puberty in the amount of 30-40 g.
Upon puberty, the gland gradually begins to shrink
again. At the age of 25, it grows to 25-30g, at 60-70
years it twists and becomes 6-15g and becomes
adipose tissue, but does not disappear completely,
remaining behind the pelvic bone like tiny islands. The
lower posterior of the brain (hypophysis - pituitary) is a
small (weight 0.3-0.5 g) gland of an oval shape, which
hangs down on the cerebral base, the voroncasymon
leg. The gland is located in the recess of the Turkish
saddle of the pelvis of the pelvis. The lower back of the
brain consists of the anterior and posterior sections.
The anterior fragment of the gland is made up of gland
epithelial cells, and therefore it is also called the
adenohypophysis (adenohypophysis grows from
ectoderm). The posterior fragment of the gland
(neurohypophysis) grows lumpy from the bottom of
the III ventricle below the forebrain. Therefore, in the
back of the gland, nerve tissue elements are found.
Somatotropic,
prolactin,
adrenocorticotropic,
gonadotropic hormones developed from the previous
part affect various functions of the div. In particular,
the somatotropic hormone influences the overall
growth of the div. If the somatotropic hormone is
overexposed, a person may overgrow (acromegaly).
The hormone prolactin increases the release of milk
from the nipples and affects the activity of the yellow
div in the female ovary. Adrenocorticotropic
hormone affects the activity of the lining part of the
adrenal gland, increasing the release of hormone from
it. Gonadotropic hormone activates the function of the
sex glands (ovary, testicle). The hormone, which is
secreted from cells located on the back of the anterior
part of the gland, affects the color of human skin. The
hormones that are released from the posterior part of
the gland are actually separated from the bottom of the
visual cortex and travel down through the ventricular
leg and accumulate in the gland. The hormone passes
from the gland to the blood, accelerating the
reabsorption of urine in the kidney tubes, increases
uterine contraction, the release of milk from the
nipples (when a baby sucks). The extraordinarial div
(corpus pineale or epiphysis cerebri, posterior cerebri)
is a circular gland of moshdek (0.2 g in weight) located
between two dormitories in the brain, and is attached
to the optic dome (comissura habenularum) by means
of jubilees. The gland is divided into fragments with
membrane growths (trabeculae) surrounding it. If the
gland in newborns is 7-10 mg, then by the age of 10
years its weight almost doubles. During old age, lime
material accumulates in the gland. The pineal hormone
normalizes the development of the sex glands. If the
gland activity slows down, the sex glands develop
faster, and girls and boys reach puberty earlier. The
surplus gland develops from the crown of the III
ventricle. The adrenal gland (glandula suprarenalis) is a
cap-shaped, located above the right and left kidneys, in
which the anterior (fascies anterior), posterior (fascies
posterior) and inferior (fascies renalis) surfaces are
distinguished. The weight of the gland is 3-5 g.
Disambiguation pages with short descriptions And the
growths that come out of the membrane that cover the
gland divide it into several fragments. The gland is
made up of the yellowish cortex (cortex) and the dark
brain (medulla), which is located on the inside. The
crustal part and the brain part differ from each other in
terms of structure, development and the work it does.
If the weight of the gland in newborns is 3-4 g, then by
the age of 8-10 years it increases in size 1-1.5 times, and
by the age of 20 years the gland weight is on average
11-13 g. With age, the size of the gland gradually begins
to decrease. The pelvic floor consists of three areas that
develop from the mesoderm and arise from vascular
and nerve-rich epithelial cells that produce various
hormones. If the hormone aldosterone, which is
produced by this part of the gland, affects the process
of water-salt metabolism in the div, the hormone
hydrocortisone participates in the process of protein,
fat and carbohydrate metabolism, increases the div's
resistance to diseases, provides rapid healing of
inflammation. And sex hormones that are made in the
gland affect the sex glands. With a decrease in the
activity of the adrenal gland, the div's ability to resist
various diseases also decreases, causing even disease
(human skin becomes bronze-colored). On the
contrary, when the function of the porous part of the
gland increases, the hormone production activity of the
sex glands increases, and adolescents reach puberty
faster. The brain part of the gland develops from the
ectoderm (where the sympathetic nodes grow). This
part is called the adrenaline or chromaffin system. The
cerebral part of the gland processes the hormones
adrenaline and noradrenaline. Adrenaline increases
the contraction activity of the heart, accommodates
blood vessels. It reduces the ability of the intestinal
walls to compact (intestinal peristalsis). Expands the
bronchi. Innervation: N.splanchnicus major plexus
coeliacus. Blood vessels: a.suprarenalis superior (a.
phrenica inferior), media (aorta abdominalis) et inferior
(a.renalis). So, the internal secretory glands are an
organismal system involved in the management of the
div through special hormones that it produces.
International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
Hormones produced by the internal secretory glands go
out into the bloodstream and spread throughout the
div.
Relevancy of the subject
The endocrine glands are one of the important
structures that ensure the hormonal balance of the
div. Disruptions in the work of these glands are the
cause of many chronic diseases - in particular, diabetes
mellitus,
hypothyroidism,
hyperparathyroidism,
adrenal insufficiency. Today, these diseases are very
common not only among adults, but also among
children and adolescents, which requires effective
measures for their early detection, treatment and
prevention. The development of modern medical
technologies makes it possible to detect these diseases
at an early stage and to treat them from an individual
approach. For example, diagnostic programs based on
genetic and biochemical analysis, long-term hormone
monitoring, digital medicine, and artificial intelligence
play a major role in improving the quality and accuracy
of treatment. In this context, the role of modern
medical technologies in the treatment of diseases of
the endosecretory glands is of great importance, and
every year the scientific and practical significance of
this topic is increasing every year.
CONCLUSION
Diseases of the internal secretory glands are one of the
most important medical problems that pose a serious
threat to human health. The introduction of modern
medical technologies allows new opportunities for the
early detection, treatment and surveillance of these
diseases.
Further
improvement
of
diagnostic
equipment, treatment methods based on an individual
approach, widespread introduction of artificial
intelligence and digital monitoring systems into
practice will not only improve the quality of treatment,
but also improve the quality of life of patients.
Therefore, medical shame in diseases of the internal
secretory glands. Effective application of medical
technologies will not only form best practice in the field
of medicine, but also gives an important role in raising
a healthy offspring. It is expected that in the future,
scientific research and technological innovations in this
direction will be more widely used in medical practice.
Diseases related to the endocrine glands, in particular
diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunctions and adrenal
gland diseases are among the most common problems
today. Timely detection and constant monitoring of
them is important for maintaining public health. With
the development of medical technologies, it is possible
to detect diseases using advanced methods, remote
monitoring, as well as to monitor patients without
interruption, which serves to promote a healthy
lifestyle. Diseases related to the endocrine glands, in
particular diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunctions and
adrenal gland diseases are among the most common
problems today. Timely detection and constant
monitoring of them is important for maintaining public
health. With the development of medical technologies,
it is possible to detect diseases using advanced
methods, remote monitoring, as well as to monitor
patients without interruption, which serves to promote
a healthy lifestyle.
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