All articles - Pediatrics
Number of articles: 1706
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Recurrent bronchitis is a special nosological unit that requires a careful approach on the part of pediatricians, since it is a risk factor for the subsequent development of a number of chronic respiratory diseases. The disease occupies one of the leading places among respiratory diseases, the frequency of which in the structure of bronchopulmonary diseases, according to different authors, ranges from 5 to 40% [5, 14, 16]. -
Prevalence of anemia in children, risk factors and their prophylaxisAnemia is the most common pathology in the world. Anemia is a clinical and hematological syndrome characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin levels in one volume of blood. According to experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), from the point of view of public health, the assessment of the prevalence of anemia among the population is studied in 3 groups: weak - from 5% to 19.9%, medium - from 20% to 39.9%. %, high - 40% or more. With the prevalence of anemia among the population of more than 40%, the problem is not only medical, but also socio-economic in nature and requires measures to be taken at the state level [2, 5, 8, 11]. According to WHO, between 1993 and 2005, 1.62 billion people worldwide were diagnosed with anemia. This is 24.8% of the world's population.
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Congenital cleft lip and/or palate (CCLP) are severe human malformations and are accompanied by complex anatomical and functional disorders of the body (Fig. 1) [2, 4, 6]. Statistics indicate that the prevalence of congenital cleft lip and palate ranges from 1:1000 to 5.38:1000 [5]. In our Republic, the birth rate of children with congenital cleft lip and palate remains at a high level: 1 case per 745 newborns [3]. -
Autism in children and its influence on the somatic and neurologic statusIn the structure of somatic pathology in children with autism, GI diseases, allergic and immunopatholo-gy are significantly more often diagnosed. Neurological status in them was characterized by diffuse micro-symptomatics in the form of dissociation of tone, changes in reflexes (mild asymmetry of tendon and periosteal reflexes), low speech production and the presence of a defect in social communication
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
According to caries and caries-free caries, epidemiological studies of dental caries; caries prevalence in our Republic is confirmed to be observed in 88-91%, caries-free CA-roxates 33-37%, and there is a decrease in the degree of disease progression, but caries is not observed in the conduct of prophylactic and therapeutic measures, in the end times there is a -
To assessing the severity of radiographic changes in the neonate with respiratory distress syndromeX-ray examination of 100 newborns was carried out, 50 of them were newborns and 50 were premature infants with grade I and II prematurity. Newborn children born with syndrome of respiratory disorders (SRD) require special attention from the first days of illness and professionally competent medical tactics. At X-ray examination of premature newborns with pneumonia, the predominance of SDR characteristic features was observed. Refinement of the degree of severity of the SDR of the newborn with pneumonia allows the most ac-curate and objective assessment of the severity of the sick child. The results of X-ray studies of pneumonia in newborns allow us to conclude that they need to be carried out in the neonatal period. The X-ray method for assessing the degree of severity of SDS in pneumonia of newborn infants, especially premature infants, and with intrauterine growth retardation syndrome is convenient for its non-invasiveness, minimal radiation expo-sure to the subject, a wide range of indicators and information rich in morphology, which contributes to the timely correction of complex treatment, especially at the risk of SDR, reducing the development of posthypoxic complications of the adaptation period.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Quality of children and adolescents life with pulmonary tuberculosis depend- Ing on existence of the accompanying pathologyWork is devoted to studying of life quality parameters of children and adolescents with tuberculosis. Laboratory and instrumental methods examination of patients do not cover all aspect of tuberculous infection and do not allow valuing the condition of children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis. At analysis of life’s quality there is full possibility to define the influence of the disease on physical, psychological and social aspects of the organism’s functioning. The analysis of quantitative indexes children and adolescents quality of life was conducted depending on accompanying pathology. For research was used the questionnaire of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQL. Questionnaire of PedsQL 4.0. includes 23 questions, incorporated in 4 scales. Every question has 5 variants of answers: "no", "hardly ever", "sometimes", "often" and "almost always", from which it is needed to choose one, most going near a situation.
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The aim of this work was an attempt to evaluate the effect of complex treatment on some endogenous intoxication indicators in chronic pyelonephritis developed on the background of dismetabolic nephropathy (DMN) (CHP). Patents and methods. A survey of 177 children CHP, aged 4 to 15 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on treatment method. Results. Comparative assessment of the results of the study of endogenous intoxication conducted after treatment in children with CHP, depending on the method of treatment, demonstrated the effectiveness of regional lymphotropic antibiotic therapy in combination with vitamin A compared to other methods of therapy. Conclusion. The use of complex treatment of regional lymphotropic antibiotic therapy in combination with vitamin A when CHP is the most appropriate method of therapy. This method leads to the restoration of the TCA (total concentration of albumin) and ECA (effective concentration of albumin) in the blood and kidney function. -
Surgical aspects treatment of chronic colostases in childrentional examination complexes were carried out. Various organic causes were identified, due to anatomical, muscular and functional disorders of the distal (large intestine) LI and their results were generally assessed in the ball system. In this case, the total, over 12 points and conservative treatment is ineffective, the relative indi- cations to the operation were determined. If more than 18 points, and revealed additional bends, lengthening, narrowing, incomplete fixation, rotation and rigidity of the LI, with clinical complete violations of the motor- evacuation function of the LI, direct indications for surgical treatment were determined. 162 (86%) patients had good results from complex conservative treatment. In 26 (14%) patients, indications for surgical treatment were determined with: no effect of prolonged ongoing conservative treatment, an increase in the phenomena of chronic colonic obstruction with decompensated flow and a progressive worsening of the patient's condition. When choosing the methods of operation, the age of the patients, the nature and localization of the pa- thology of the LI were taken into account. In children under 3 years, the Delatorre-Mandragon method was performed by transanal access; preschool-age method - Soave-Lenyushkin's method with abdominal perineal and in older children - resection and fixation of TK with laparatomy access. The nature of the operation was: resection of the elongated or narrowed LI zone with the creation of "colo-anal" or "colo-colo" anastomoses with fixation of pubescent "transversogastropexy" and rotated parts of the intestine in order to restore normal anatomical structures and transient functions of it. Complications in the early postoperative period was not noted.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The article presents a conservative treatment based on planktonography and X-ray diffraction in 120 children with flat feet on various etiologies. Patients were divided into two groups, preventive and curative. They were treated with stage gypsum longots, later circular gypsum dressings with hypercorrection. As a result of early diagnosis and treatment, good and satisfactory results were obtained -
Pneumonia in children, despite significant advances in prevention and treatment, still remains one of the most pressing problems in pediatrics. [3,5,16,18]. In recent years, there has been an increase in morbidity in children, and mortality from this disease remains relatively high. In real practice, especially in outpatient settings, early diagnosis and rational therapy of pneumonia in children are serious problems. -
Our investigations were performed with purpose to study 30 infectious and somatic diseases complicated by otoantritis. It was found that among young children at the age under 14 boys were 4 (33,3%), and girls were 8 (66,7%), in 24 (40%) there was spontaneous perforation of tympanum. In 5 (41.6%) patients the diagnostic tym-panopuncture was performed and in 12 of patients antrotomy was made. Of 12 patients with otoantritis in 2 (16.7%) patients complications were developed, such as otogenic sepsis and in 3 (24.1%) patients otogenic meningitis; in 3 (24.1%) patients - paresis of facial nerve; and lethal outcome in one (1,6%) patient. Thus, it is necessary to perform tympanopuncture, paracentesis, antrotomy in combination with antibacterial, for diagnosis and treatment otoantritis in infants. -
Острый средний отит (ОСО) у ВИЧ-инфицированных детей относится к неотложной ЛОР- патологии и является проблемой не только для оториноларингологов, но и педиатров, детских инфекционистов. На основании ретроспективного анализа автором отмечается рост заболеваемости ОСО, учащение негнойных форм отита. Клинико-лабораторные данные обследования 35 ВИЧ-инфицированных больных детей с использованием ПЦР- тестирования и бактериологического исследования позволили автору судить об активности стрептококков, микоплазм, вирусов, хламидий и др. возбудителей в этиологии ОСО. Предложено комплексное лечение больных ОСО в оториноларингологическом, инфекционном отделении под наблюдением оториноларинголога с учетом этиопатогенеза заболевания.
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The results of the study of the features of the clinical manifestations of helminthiases in children of school age are presented. The data obtained indicate that helminthiasis in adolescent schoolchildren is characterized by dyspeptic, astheno-vegetative disorders on the high incidence of allergic diseases, in particular in the form of atopic dermatitis, eczema, allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, neurodermatitis and bronchial asthma. -
Evaluation of initial vegetative tone in children perennial allergic rhinitis on clinical signs tablesWere studied the state of the initial autonomic tone in children perennial allergic rhinitis. Among 42 patients (68,9 per cent) were persistent, and 19 (31,1 per cent) – intermittent form CT. According to the analysis of clinical signs IWT in 28 (54.9 per cent) of children identified CT status, the prevalence of parasympathicotonia (vagotonia), 28(54,9per cent) - eatonii (balanced state of the ANS alone) – 9 (17,6%) of sympathicotonia. In General, CT is not dependent on clinical course, characterized by increased tension of the parasympathetic mechanisms of the ANS. the results indicate about the relationship between IWT and clinical course CT. You can assume the existence of a similar connection with the treatment CT
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Complex research in the diagnostics of chronic viral hepatitis in childrenThe object of the study were 120 children from 3 to 18 years old, patients with chronic viral hepatitis. General clinical, biochemical, specific laboratory, instrumental, radiation: complex echographic studies, MSCT, MRI, SI of the liver, spleen, biliary tract were used, histological criteria of liver damage, as well as sta-tistical research methods were studied. The use of a set of methods of instrumental methods, along with clinical laboratory and, according to indications, histological studies in chronic viral hepatitis in children, makes it possible to formulate a definitive and reliable diagnosis in the early stages of the disease and carry out ade-quate therapy, prevent complications and transition to a more severe degree of activity or cirrhosis the liver
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The prevalence of recurrence of obstructive bronchitis in childrenThe descriptive-evaluative method of epidemiological research was used in the course of the research, a retrospective analysis of 12869 case histories of children, who were hospitalized in the period from 2015 to 2017 years due to recurrence of obstructive bronchitis was carried out. We obtained data on the frequency of occurrence of children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis. By periods of the year, the incidence of recur-rence of the disease in children is in the form of a “wave-like” curve, the severity of which largely depends on climatic conditions. Recurrence of obstructive bronchitis is more common in children at the aged 6 months to 2 years, and the peak rise in incidence occurs between the 2nd and 8th month of life. Basically 1 episode of bron-chial obstruction was observed.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Functional condition of kidneys at the premature the newborns who were born from mothers with preeсlampsia40 premature children arc examined, the assessment of a functional condition of kidneys depending on existence of a prccclampsia of mother is carried out. It is revealed that at all premature newborns, decrease in diuresis, decrease in osmotic concentration of urine which raises by the end of the first week of life is noted, but does not reach indicators of healthy children, thus the most expressed changes are observed in group premature, been bom from mothers with a preeclampsia and are followed by an azotemiya which is connected with catabolic processes in an organism and the lowered kidney ekskretion of nitrogenous products.
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Nephropathy of metabolic genesis in young children: Assessment of partial renal function121 children with pneumonia on dismctabolic nephroparthy background were investigated, and 20 children with pneumonia wittout urinary syndrome. It were performed following methods of kidney partial functions investigation of glomerulus filtration, ammonia, acidity, osmotic quality of urine, daily metabolites screening (oxalates, urates, urine acid). In patients with pneumonia on dismetabolic nephroparthy background were revealed significant alterations of kidney partial functions, stnictural and functional condition of erythrocytes membrane, increasing of peroxides lipid oxidation processes. For the purpose of correction children with pneumonia and renal pathology it was prescribed following treatment.
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The role of indicators of cytokins and markers of inflammation In development of complications in acute inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory ways in childrenBased on a survey of 167 children with acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, the features of the cytokine status in children with acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system were identified, which were expressed in the activation of IL-1, IL-8 and TNF-a, depending on the development of the inflammatory process. The relationship between changes in traditional clinico-laboratory indicators for acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system that determine the severity of the disease and changes in levels of markers of inflammation, in particular C-reactive protein, is established.
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Indicators echocardiography witch small heart anomalies in childrenEchocardiography results were analyzed 52 children and adolescents ages 3 to 15 years who were iden-tified by different localization and combinations of small anomalies of the heart, which are dominated by small abnormalities of the left ventricle and mitral valve. It found that clinically and functionally significant abnor-malities in children shew multiple abnormally located cords in the left ventricle in combination with cardiac arrhythmia, prolapses of the heart valves with modified wings and hemodynamically significant valve regurgi-tation.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The use of immunocorrective therapy for the treatment and prevention of diseases in children who are often illThe problem of chronically ill children is one of the most urgent and unsolved problems in pediatrics. We identified specific abnormalities in certain parts of the immune system and non-specific defense of the organism in FIC, which is the basis for inclusion immunocorrective drugs for the treatment and prevention of diseases. Use as drug immunocorrective Broncho-Munal reduces the incident of disease and improve quality of life of ill children.
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Prognostic evaluation of the risk of chronic pathologies among tubcontacts of children in educational institutions sanatoriumThe method of questionnaire survey of parents to study the characteristics of regime moments and conditions of education in 1175 of children in preschool tuberculosis sanatorium profile - the main group ( 220 children) and in preschool general types - the control group (955 children). Number of children in the study group with the breastfeeding duration of 12 months or more was 1,8 times less than in the control group; the number of children in the main group 1,1 times more educated in beshik, and those children with the period of stay from 1,5 to 2 years were 1,3 times more. On average, 60% of children received the information about the elements of a healthy lifestyle in the family, 32% - in the preschool education and 8,5% - as a result of watching television, using the Internet and children's publications. Almost 70% of the duration of outdoor exercise, diurnal sleep, watch TV and play on the computer of preschool chil- dren exceded hygienic standards. The increase in the risk of chronic disease in children tubcontacts consistently influenced by factors such as the duration of the games on your computer, feeding children breast milk, watching TV, outdoor activities and education of the child in beshik
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Regional lymphatic antibioticothtrapeutics at the children’s surgeryThe effectivity of the regional lymphatic antibioticothtrapeutics in the complex treatments of the children with the pus-inflamaties was learned at 276 patients. The patients are divided into 2 groups. In the main group is used the complex treatments with the regional lymphatic antibioticothtrapeutics, which held for taking into consideration the regional lymphacurrent, the collector particularity of the structure lymphatic system in given sphere and in the anatomo-physiological particularites of the children’s organism. The control were 101 patients, who were treated with the traditional methods of putting the antibiotics (under skin, inside muscle, inside vein). Using the individual lymphatic antibioticothtrapeutics at the children’s surgery lead to the improvement the results of cure, to shortening the dates stauing children at the hospital and giving considerable economical effect.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Dignostic value of sugar loads in bowel diseases of childrenIn the children examined by us, sugar loads were carried out to clarify the genesis of bowel disease in children. Patients with celiac disease (5%), alimentary dyspepsia (16.2%), irritable bowel syndrome (12.2%), disaccharidase insufficiency (69.4%) were identified. With celiac disease, the maximum increase in glycemia after exercise was reduced from 0 to 0.83 mmol/l. With alimentary dyspepsia, the level of maximum increase in glycemia was reduced 3.3-3.5 mmol/l. In case of disacharidase insufficiency, the level of maximal increase in glycemia is 0.83-1.98 mmol/l. Carrying out differentiated sugar loads in children with intestinal diseases in children made it possible to significantly expand the concept of the etiopathogenesis of intestinal diseases and the need for pathogenetic therapy, including dietary nutrition
Journal problems of biology and medicine
