All articles - Oncology
Number of articles: 284
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Selection of medical tactics in patients with cirrhosis of the liver in a long period after porthosystem shuntingAs is known, the main long-term complications in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) after portosystemic shunting (PSS) are gastrointestinal bleeding (GI) and acute liver failure (ARF) [2, 3, 8]. The development of these complications the late postoperative period and their severity largely depend on the activity of the patient's adaptogenesis systems to the effects of various endogenous and exogenous factors, as well as the biological responses of the body. However, in a number of cases, these relationships are considered outside of their etio-pathogenetic connection and interdependence, which often predetermines unsatisfactory results you in this group of patients [4, 11]. The increase in the number of different options for surgical intervention in liver diseases, the expansion of indications for organ transplantation, has significantly affected the survival of patients and opens up new opportunities for radical treatment. On the other hand, fundamentally new approaches to rehabilitation programs are required grams, which should be aimed not only at increasing survival, but also at improving the quality of life of patients with diffuse liver diseases [1, 5, 6, 13]. The article presents the main directions and standards of real of patients with liver cirrhosis after PSSh on the basis of already recognized standards of treatment tactics, the experience of the leading hepatological schools of the world and the own material of the State Institution “RSSPMTSH named after A.I. acad. V. Vakhidov.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Comparative assessment of the ray methods of the investigation in diagnosis of tumor defeats in the pancreasThe palm of superiority among all malignant tumors is firmly held by tumors of the digestive tract, and among the latter - pancreatic cancer, which ranks fifth in morbidity and mortality [1,2,3].
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Medical and social aspects of liver cirrhosis in modern health careCirrhosis of the liver (LC), according to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and transformation of the normal structure of the liver with the formation of nodes. As a pathological process, cirrhosis is the final stage of a number of chronic liver diseases and today is one of the most difficult social and medical problems, which, unfortunately, in most countries is represented only by conservative therapy or palliative surgery. interventions [1,2,3]. Representing the final histological variant of the transformation of the hepatic parenchyma, a different spectrum of liver diseases can progress to the development of cirrhosis from several weeks to several decades. Often, its first clinical manifestations may appear only when 80-90% of the liver parenchyma is damaged and killed [4]. Disappointing statistics are provided by WHO, according to which 10% of the world's population has chronic liver disease, which is more than 500 million people, with more than 20 million people worldwide suffering from cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. Every year more than two million people die from liver failure [5]. According to WHO forecasts, in the coming decades, the number of patients suffering from cirrhosis will increase more and more by more than 60%, which is due to the wide spread of hepatotropic intoxications and viral lesions of the organ.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
This case described by us is a striking example of complexity, concerning scrupulous diagnostics at tumors of a gcpatopankrcatoduodcnal zone and shows high percent of diagnostic mistakes. Result. The patient at height of the complicated course of oncological process of a pancreas was given highly skilled specialized help by performance of adequate oncological operation. The cancer of a head of a pancreas can be shown for the first time in the form of pro fuze stomach-intestinal bleeding that not always allows to establish the correct diagnosis and to build adequate tactics of maintaining patients. We hope that this clinical case will increase vigilance of surgeons of the general medical network that tumors of a gcpatopankrcatoduodcnal zone can be shown for the first time in the form of complication of the main disease, thereby will reduce percent of diagnostic mistakes and will improve quality, the given highly specialized help to oncological patients at height of complication of an onkoprocess. -
Diagnostic aspects of genetic techniques to the study of breast cancerBreast cancer (BC) is a frequently diagnosed oncological disease, which accounts for 23% of all initially detected cancer cases [19]. Hereditary forms of breast cancer are often associated with a high risk of developing primary multiplicity. malignant tumors. These neoplasms are characterized by an aggressive course, difficulty in predicting the outcome of the disease, and high mortality.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Standards for the management of patients with uterine myomaIntroduction. According to various authors, the frequency of detection of uterine fibroids among the modern female population ranges from 20 to 77% [5, 6, 8]. At the same time, there is a noticeable increase in the incidence among women of reproductive age [1, 2, 8]. Considering that in modern conditions women often realize their reproductive function after 30 years, the issues of management of uterine fibroids in patients of reproductive age have grown into an independent topical problem. Fragmentation of works, contradictions, lack of protocol schemes for treatment and rehabilitation, creates a lot of questions about the management of this category of women. A number of researchers see a solution to this problem in the introduction of clinical protocols, which should become the basis for the formation of the medical State Standard [8].
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Polymorphism of the dopamin receptor d 2 gene in fibrosy-cystic mastopathy in fertile age wivesGenotyping of 120 women of childbearing age of Uzbek nationality, who consulted in the endocrinology department and consultative clinic of the clinic №3 Tashkent Medical Academy and in the city diagnostic cen-ter. In fibro-cystic changes in women with hyperprolactemia, the heterozygous type of polymorphism C3420T of the DRD2 gene with a mutation of the TT genotype predominates. In 75% of women there is a decrease in thyroid function.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Improvement of results of furnye gangrene complex treatment with co 2 laser and photodynamic therapy usingThe use of CO 2 laser has allowed for the possibility of early and bloodless nekroektomy, improve wound repair, and reduces microbial contamination of purulent wounds. Method has photo coagulating and sterilizing properties effects on the tissue. Photodynamic therapy is a very effective non-invasive and gentle treatment of purulent wounds and serve as justification for the use of the method of photodynamic therapy in clinical prac-tice for the treatment of acute local inflammatory processes combined with CO 2 laser and traditional treat-ments.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The role of ultrasound method of diagnostics for monitoring of efficiency of neoadjuvant mammary gland cancer chemotherapySamarkand Branch of the Republic Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Centre of Oncology and Radiology Nowadays mammary gland cancer takes one of the first places in the structure of morbidity and is an actual problem in oncology. In this work the meaning of USD scanning for monitoring of efficiency of neoadjuvant mammary gland cancer chemotherapy is examined.
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Efficiency of autoplazmochimiotherapy with locally advanced cancer of the mucosa of the mouth floor and tongueThe article presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of intra-regional and intra-operative autoplazmohimioterapii, as a component of comprehensive cancer treatment antineoplastic the bottom of the mouth and tongue. The findings suggest that a sufficiently high efficiency, safe toxic profile and the positive dynamics of immunoregulatory proteins in intra-regional and intra-operative autoplazmohimioterapii as a component of an integrated antineoplastic treatment in patients with cancer of the mouth floor and tongue
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Diagnostic effectiveness of visualization methods of renal cell Carcinoma according to the surgical intervention`s dataAim of the research: According to the comparison of data of ultrasound diagnosis and computer tomography with the results of intraoperational findings and histology research; the sensibility degree, specific and effectiveness of that methods should be identified with the assessment of renal carcinomas local dispersion for each given research methods. Materials and methods: The results of examination and therapy of 170 patients who suffered from renal cell carcinoma were addressed to the urology department of Republican Center of Oncology and to the Republican Center of Urology from the 2010 till the 2015 constitute the basis for the given research. It is worth mentioning that 104 of patients were males (61,2%), whereas the number of females were just 66 (38,8%). The age of patients fluctuated from 22 until 83 years old, the average age was 57,5±6,8. Results: The given data about the assessment of the results of renal carcinoma patients' ultrasound diagnostic showed that the sensibility of USS during the identification of the T1 stage constitute 66,7%, while the figure for T2, T3 and T4 is 68,9%, 83,3% and 100% respectively. As regard the specificity of USS during identification of the T1 stage is 100%, this ratio is 95,7% for T2, 96,5% for T3 and 97,1% for T4. The diagnostic accuracy of the USS in the determination of T1 stage is 94,2%, T2-80.8%T3-94,2%T4-97,l%. The tomography's results of the patients who suffer from renal carcinoma showed that the sensibility rate during the determination of the T1 stage is 90%, T2-97,5%, T3 and T4 - 100%. Specificity of tomography in the determination of T1 and T2 stages is 100%, T3-87,3% and T4-88,5%. The diagnostic accuracy of tomography in the determination of T1 stage is 87,6%, T2-98,9%, T3-89,9% and T4- 88.8%. Conclusion: The obtained results of the research showed that inclusion of modern diagnostic methods such as ultrasound, X-ray, tomography into complex plan of the patients' examination who suffer from renal cell carcinoma allows to determine quite effectively the degree of cancer prevalence and distinguish local cancer from primarily-generalized tumor forms. This improvement, in turn, affects the tactic of treating this category of patients.
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Results of modified surgical access to regional lymph nodes in the treatment of renal cancerPurpose: To study the long-term results of a new method of surgical access to the main vessels and regional renal cancer lymphocollectors. Materials and methods: In the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, as well as in its Tashkent City Branch from 2010-2015, 96 patients were treated. The distribution of patients by sex and age intervals is shown in the figure. There male predominance 51 (53.1%) versus 45 (46.9%) women, the ratio was 1.1: 1. The age range is from 21 to 75 years, the average age of patients was 56.0 ± 1.3 years. From 96 patients participating in the study, a tumor process was established in 51 (53.1%) men and 45 (46.9%) women. The number of patients with metastatic lesion of regional lymph nodes were followings: N1 - 10 (10.5%), N2-6 (6.2%). In the remaining 80 (83.3%) patients, regional lymph nodes were intact. All patients underwent radical-extended nephrectomy. After laparotomy, the ascending and transversely dividing colon of the large intestine is mobilized, the loops of the intestines are pulled back with a moist towel up and to the left. After this, the back of the peritoneum is opened over the projection of the aorta from the level of the aortic bifurcation, the top with the dissection of the triceal ligament is opened beyond the peritoneal space. Results: The character of the histological form of the kidney tumors established after the operation by morphological examination were followings: the clear cell cancer in 77 (80.2%), papillary cancer in 8 (8.3%), unclassifiablc cancer in 4 (4.2% ), chromophobic cancer - in 7 (7.3%). At stage 1, no metastasis was detected. In stage 2 metastasis was noted in 4.2% of cases. In stage 3, 18.0% metastasis was detected. In 27.3% of patients metastasis took place in the 4th stage. All 13 patients (13.5%) had postoperative progression of the disease revealed. Conclusion: In renal tumors with Ti, we recommend performing selective lymphodisection, that is removing of first-order lymph nodes for precise staging. For T2.4N0.2M0 tumors, it is recommended to perform an extended lymph dissection from the level of the diaphragm legs to the aortic bifurcation. The development of surgical access with a cut of the triceal ligament with extended lymph node dissection of the renal cancer and a small number of postoperative complications make it possible to apply it in all patients with renal cancer.
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Today a modern woman wishes to give birth at a sufficiently mature age, pre-planning the number of children, unfortunately often at this age is found out uterine myoma. Established fact, negative affection of both submucous and intramural nodes on the ability to conceive and safe bearing of pregnancy. In our study were women of different ages symptomatic uterine fibroids which was recommended for hysterectomy surgery and which was previously as pre-opcrative preparation to prescribe the drug ulipristal acctat in the from of a course of treatment. -
The analysis of the clinical case examined in Samarkand Branch of the Republic Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Centre of Oncology and Radiology is assumed as a basis of this work. The methods of diagnostics and the scheme of treatment of the patient with gigantic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the right mammary gland (extranodal) with affection of tonsil and spleen concomitant viral hepatitis in stage III A were described. -
The problem of cervical cancer (cervical cancer) for many decades continues to be at the center of attention of leading foreign and domestic oncologists, as it occupies the leading position of cancers of female genitalia. Despite the existence to date of various modem diagnostic methods, the disease is detected in most cases already with neglected forms. The paper analyzes the results of an anonymous survey of 100 patients with predominantly locally advanced forms of cervical cancer to identify key barriers to early detection of cervical cancer patients, and suggests possible ways to eliminate them. -
The risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with renal cell carcinoma With intraluminar invasion of the inferior vena cava after surgery with a fragmented a tumor thrombusThe aim of this work was to determine the long-term risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with subsequent extraction of residual tumor thrombus and the effect of residual tumor thrombus on overall survival. The first aim was to determine the risk of VTE during a 2-year follow-up period. The second aim was the determination of the overall survival within 2 years. In patients with residual tumor thrombus, the overall survival rate was lower than in patients with a fully resected tumor thrombus, or in those who did not have a tumor thrombus. Conclusions: the presence of residual tumor thrombus is an important risk factor for the development of VTE amid patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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Despite the existing achievements in the implementation of pelvic exenteratics (ET) in the world oncological practice, it still remains the object of considerable criticism and disputes of practicing oncologists. The main reasons for the unpopularity of this operation arc its technical complexity, high incidence of intra- and postoperative complications, problems of post-operative rehabilitation of patients. Literature data of authors of near and far abroad on this topic, historical data, examination of patients, indications and contraindications to the operation were studied, significant problems, controversial issues in this field were identified and possible further studies in this direction were indicated. -
Metods of diagnosis and treatment hemangioms of nasal cavity and paranasal sinusesThe number of patients with benign neoplasms of the nasal cavity (PN) and paranasal sinuses (SNP) has recently been increasing and amounts to 8-10% of all neoplasms of the head and neck, and, as a rule, they are diagnosed late, taking them for various others, usually inflammatory diseases, due to which the majority of patients (70-90%) come to the clinic with an already widespread tumor process. Vascular tumors of the upper respiratory tract occupy the first place among benign neoplasms in this area in terms of frequency of cases; the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is most often affected (78%). Hemangiomas are more common in females. This suggests that sex hormones are important in the genesis of vascular tumors. According to the WHO international histological classification, hemangiomas are divided into the following types: capillary, cavernous and venous. The color of the hemangioma depends on its histological structure; the capillary hemangioma is light red in color with clear contours and a smooth surface. Cavernous and venous hemangiomas differ in different shades of blue. Their surface is bumpy, and the contours are not clear
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The role of re-transurethral resection in the treatment of muscular non-invasive bladder cancerObjective: In a comparative aspect, select the optimal method of treatment of muscular non-invasive bladder cancer. Materials and methods: The basis of this work was the analysis of the results of the examination and surgical treatment of 57 patients with non-invasive bladder cancer admitted to the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology from 2014 to 2016 Men were 46 (80.7%), women were 11 (19.3%), the average age was 62 ± 2.4 years. Patients were conditionally divided into 2 groups. The first group (control group), n = 24, underwent transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder, followed by intravesical instillation with doxorubicin 50 mg, and the second group, n = 33, underwent TUR + repeated TUR (reTUR) + intravesical instillation with doxorubicin 50 mg. Median observation 12 months. Results: During the observation period, 15 (26.3%) recurrences of bladder cancer were observed. In the second group, the recurrence rate was statistically significantly lower (p = 0.02) than in the first group, which was 18.1% and 37.5%, respectively. Correlation analysis for early relapse showed: Group 1 - risk of relapse development (R = 0.56, p = 0.00001) and tumor size (R = 0.45, p = 0.045); in group 2, the risk of relapse (R = 0.38, p = 0.00001) and differentiation of the atypism G (R = 0.15, p = 0.0004). Conclusion: It is statistically justified that performing ReTUR in patients with a gradation of G1-2 malignancy reduces the frequency of relapse. At the same time, with G3 grading after reTUR, one should not wait for relapse and / or progress of the disease, but switch to aggression treatment regimens.
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Clinic-diagnostics factors of the forecast at the choice of immunotherapy methods at patients with ovarian and cervical cancerThe purpose of the work to study of the molecular and biological markers in the ovarian and cervix can-cer as choice criteria methods such a extracorporal immunofarmakotherapy (EIFT) among the complex treat-ment. To study level of tumor markers was shown that the greatest predictive importance for treatment efficien-cy such markers as p53, VEGF and Ki-67, and level of tumor proliferative activity. The greatest effect obtained when carrying out an accompanying immunotherapy with EIFT and plasma exchange
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
An analysis of the surgical treatment of 3 children with no fistulous forms of the esophagus atresia is presented. Early and late postoperative complications were studied. The study showed that the plastics of the esophagus in children under the age of one year does not cause complications, so the authors believe that the operation can be delayed for a later time. The high frequency of early and late postoperative complications requires further improvement of the methods of surgical treatment of children with this pathology. -
The study includes data from clinical and neurological examinations of 31 patients (18 women, 13 men), whose average age was 30 years with tumors localized in 18 (58,0%) patients in left, 13 (42,0%) patients in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum. For tumors of the hemispheres of the cerebellum characteristic was the presence of general cerebral and focal symptoms. Among the cerebral symptoms were observed headache (77,4%), vomiting (67,7%) and dizziness (35,4 %), of focal disorders - dysfunction of the cranial nerves (80,0%), dominated oculomotory disorders (37,2%), indicating the progression of the compression of brain-stem. -
Results vertebroplastik treatment of patients with fragility fractures at vertebral hemangiomasThe achieved results confirm a high pain-relieving efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty. A choice of vertebroplasy technique depends on a nature of pathology and peculiarities of vertebral anatomy. Application of cement based on calcium phosphate, bioceramic and bonemorphogenetic proteins improves the long-term outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Value of pathomorphologic features on innidiation and operational activity of the carcinoma of the stomachGastric cancer is one of the most often found diseases in oncology. Relevance is also that at this pathology high lethality and late diagnosis. As important predictive factor degree of differentiation of tumor and its type of growth serves. The forecast of aggressive forms depends on the low-differentiated tumors with infiltrative growth form. Treatment of diffusion and infiltrative tumors less effectively.
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Scrotal skin tumors are found quite often and easily diagnosed, that can not be said for tumors of the scrotum tissues themselves. Lipoma - benign tumor that develops from adipose tissue. Intrascrotal primary li-pomas, originating from fat cells of the subcutaneous tissues of the scrotal walls themselves, are very rare and vary in size. In this article, we describe the clinical case of a patient with intrascrotal lipoma
