Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
198
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
198-203
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article examines the problem of communicative competence of the head of an educational institution. In
particular, the results of the study of psychosemantic aspects of speech obtained using the Osgood semantic
differential method are analyzed.
KEYWORDS
Communicative competence, speech characteristics, managerial communication, leadership skills, speech quality,
intellectuality, expressiveness, speech activity, factor analysis.
INTRODUCTION
As it is known, managerial activity is one of the types of
activities related to the "human-to-human" profession.
Specialists involved in this type of activity must have
highly developed communicative competence. A
leader may be a master of their craft, thoroughly
knowledgeable in their subject in all aspects, but they
cannot effectively perform managerial functions if
they do not possess the ability to establish proper
relationships
with
others,
communicate,
and
understand each other. Therefore, studying the
communicative competence of a leader is one of the
pressing issues.
The problem of personal competence has been widely
studied by several psychologists, and scientific
Research Article
THE ROLE OF SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS IN THE COMMUNICATIVE
COMPETENCE OF A LEADER
Submission Date:
November 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
November 25, 2024,
Published Date:
November 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue11-26
Djalilova S.Х.
Acting Professor at the Department of Psychology at Tashkent State University named after Nizami,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
199
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
198-203
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
research in this area has been conducted. In particular,
Y.N. Emelyanov, L.A. Petrovsky, Yu.M. Zhukov, V.G.
Loos, G.A. Kovalev, N.V. Grishina, A.A. Kidron, Yu.F.
Maysuradze, L.I. Berestova, A.V. Yevseev studied the
socio-psychological characteristics of the competence
of a teacher, while Y.V. Vardanyan, N.V. Kuzmina, E.V.
Popova, A.K. Markova, M.I. Lukyanova, A.G. Asmolov,
E.A. Klimov, L.A. Petrovskaya, L.M. Mitina, D.A.
Leontiev conducted scientific research on the
professional communicative competence of teachers
[2].
Uzbek psychologist I. Makhmudov argued that
"communication in the activities of a leader is the main
link, during which the implementation of decisions
made, organization, control, and encouragement of
employee activity are carried out" [4].
Communicative competence is the ability of an
individual to establish relationships with others and
achieve
mutual
understanding
[3].
Speech
characteristics are of particular importance in mutual
understanding. The communicative competence of
management personnel is determined by the linguistic
aspects and the level of influence of their speech. The
factors determining the level of influence of speech
include the perception of paralinguistic parameters.
Paralinguistics studies the non-verbal factors of speech
communication, which carry specific semantic content
—
extralinguistic information that participates in
information exchange
Speech characteristics include a number of aspects.
One of them is the pace of speech. This characteristic
defines the speed of thought processes and is
determined by the number of words spoken per unit of
time (1 minute). The normal rate of speech is 60-100
words per minute, which was determined based on
research on many mentally healthy people.
Pitch is the height of the voice. Speech pitch is the
perception of differences in the physical strength of
speech sounds, which is determined both subjectively
and instrumentally. The normal pitch level is
considered to be 50-80 dB (with a background noise of
10 dB).
It is also necessary to take into account the aspects of
changes in the pitch of the voice (slow, sharp), which
allow for determining the level of emotional control
(conversion disorders, anxiety, neurosis), the intensity
of emotional experiences, personality traits, the
intensity of mental processes, asthenia, and attention
during a conversation, as well as disturbances in the
volitional sphere.
Pragmatics studies the relationship between users of a
sign system and the subjects perceiving the system.
Pragmatic
research
examines
the
speaker's
relationship to reality, the content of information, and
the audience.
A speech act is considered an important unit of
communication, a key pragmatic category that
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
200
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
198-203
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
acquires practical significance. The theory of speech
acts views communication through language as a
purposeful action, meaning that statements are
performative. To identify the actions performed during
communication, it is necessary to determine the type
and structure of the speech act.
The structure of a speech act consists of three
components:
Illocution
—
the speaker's intention;
Locution
—
verbal expression;
Perlocution
—
the effect of speech on the listener.
The illocutionary function can be determined by which
speech acts are preferred. A speech act is primarily
determined by performative verbs that denote specific
actions. The following categories of speech acts are
distinguished:
Assertives: statements, information, rules, etc.
Directives: orders, requests, demands, prohibitions,
permissions, advice, questions, etc.
Commitments: obligations, promises, persuasion,
guarantees, vows, threats, etc.
Declarations: announcements, openings and closings,
decisions, appointments, etc.
Expressives:
gratitude,
apologies,
sympathy,
congratulations, praise, complaints, etc.
Locution is defined by the semantic orientation of the
statement and depends on lexical-semantic, prosodic,
and psycholinguistic aspects.
Syntactic analysis of speech examines the syntactic
structures of statements, studying syntactic units,
connections, and relations. Syntactic analysis can be
used for both written and oral speech. It is important
to consider the following syntactic features of oral
speech:
Contextuality: understanding the meaning of a specific
situation, including context, visual-emotional basis,
and private apperception;
Functional perspective of reasoning: placing the most
important comment at the beginning of a sentence
and the topic at the end;
Importance
of
formal-grammatical
means
in
organizing discussion;
The semantic significance and functional role of
paralinguistic aspects.
Syntactic analysis of speech requires the study of the
text itself and its main syntactic units
—
sentences. The
analysis presented above shows the breadth of the
speaker's influence on the recipients of information.
Communicative competence serves as the sum of all
these elements.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
201
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
198-203
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Therefore, studying the psychosemantic structure of
speech, its linguistic, and paralinguistic aspects is one
of the main and significant components of the
communicative competence of a leader.
In our research, the study of the psychosemantic
aspects of speech was conducted using Osgood's
semantic
differential
method
[1].
Heads
of
departments working in higher educational institutions
participated in the study.
Results of the Semantic Differential Method
Table 1
Speech Characteristics
N
Mean
Standard
deviation
Variance
Quality
20
11.1500
2.46566
6.079
Activity
20
5.6500
1.42415
2.028
Expressiveness
20
8.2750
3.32039
11.025
Intellectuality
20
10.8750
1.36227
1.856
Based on the obtained data, the mean value for the
speech characteristic "Quality" is 11.5, with a standard
deviation of 2.46. The results for the "Activity"
parameter showed that the mean value is 5.65, with a
standard deviation of 1.42. The mean value for the
"Expressiveness" parameter of speech is 8.27, with a
standard deviation of 3.32. It was also noted that the
mean value for the "Intellectuality" coefficient of
speech is 10.87, with a standard deviation of 1.36.
Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the
main aspects of the communicative competence of a
leader are the speech characteristics "Quality" and
"Intellectuality." The "Activity" of speech represents
the lowest level.
The raw scores obtained were processed using factor
analysis. The results are reflected in the table below.
Results of Factor Analysis of the Semantic Differential Method
Table 2
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
202
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
198-203
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Speech Characteristics
Components
1
2
Quality
.942
Activity
-.786
Expressiveness
.945
Intellectuality
.472
-.608
The results of the factor analysis indicate that the
assessment of the leader's speech qualities consists of
two components. The first component of the semantic
richness of speech includes speech quality (0.942),
speech expression (-0.786), and the intellectual aspect
of speech (0.472). In other words, increasing the
"quality" and "intellectual" components of speech
requires reducing the "expressive" aspect of the
speaker's speech. That is, the speaker's expressiveness
indicates low quality of speech and intellectual
deficiency.
The second factor of semantic analysis of speech
includes
"Expressiveness"
at
0.945
and
"Intellectuality" at -0.608.
Thus, a decrease in the intellectual factor of speech
leads to an increase in the "Activity" parameter of the
speaker's speech. In other words, when assessing
speech parameters, speech activity is perceived by
listeners as a sign of a low intellectual level of the
speaker's speech.
The second factor of semantic analysis of speech
includes the characteristics "Activity" at 0.945 and
"Intellectuality."
Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that a
decrease in the intellectual factor of speech leads to an
increase in the "Activity" parameter of the speaker's
speech. In other words, when assessing speech
parameters, speech activity is perceived by listeners as
a sign of a low intellectual level of the speaker's
speech. Therefore, in order to increase the
effectiveness of their speech's impact, leaders need to
take into account the audience's perception of speech.
These aspects determine the level of the leader's
communicative competence.
Therefore, communicative competence in managerial
activity serves as a factor that organizes and
coordinates the activities of an educational institution,
plans the future, and controls the execution of
decisions and orders by staff.
Volume 04 Issue 11-2024
203
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
198-203
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The role of the leader's communicative competence in
solving these issues is incomparable. In this regard,
diagnosing and developing the leader's communicative
competence has become one of the most pressing
issues.
Although the factors determining the quality of a
leader's communicative competence are varied, the
primary importance lies in their oratory skills and
speech qualities. The leader's speech ensures clear and
complete communication of the organization's goals
to subordinates.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the study, the following
conclusions can be drawn:
•
The speech characteristics and abilities of a
leader help perceive communicative competence as an
integral process.
•
The Osgood method, which facilitates the
semantic analysis of speech used in the study, provides
new opportunities for a leader to improve their oratory
skills, check how their speech is perceived by
employees, and expand the sphere of influence.
•
For the effective organization of the
pedagogical process, the leader should correctly and
purposefully develop a strategic plan in their work,
effectively utilize the opportunities of communicative
competence in organizing the educational process,
and adhere to the basic principles of communication.
•
Since the spiritual maturity of a leader is
expressed in their speech, it is necessary to develop
speech skills and eloquence in order to communicate
with others on a professional level.
•
To create a healthy, creative, and socio-
psychological environment in educational institutions,
it is necessary to improve the psychological literacy of
leaders.
REFERENCES
1.
Зотова
Л.З.,
Краева
М.Ю.
Социально
-
психологическая
диагностика
окружающей
среды. М., Академия Естествознания,2016.
2.
Ильин
Е.П.
Психология
общения
и
межличностных отношений.СПб.Питер, 200
9.
3.
Колмогорова
Л.А.
Формирование
коммуникативной компетентности личности.
Барнаул, 2015.
4.
Махмудов И.А. “Бош
қ
арув
психологияси”
.
Тошкент
,
“
YUNAKS-PRINT
”
, 2006-
йил
.
