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SEMANTICS OF TERMS IN LEXICOGRAPHICAL PRACTICE
Koblanova Gulbanu Bakbergen qizi
PhD student of Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14547598
Abstract.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the main principles and ways of
semantication of lexical units in linguistic and bilingual dictionaries. Key approaches to
semantics, such as denotative, functional, and contextual aspects, as well as their significance
for the accuracy and informativeness of dictionaries, are considered. Particular attention is paid
to the role of semantics in the process of conveying meanings and cultural connotations of
terms. Examples from linguistic and bilingual dictionaries are analyzed, which allows us to
demonstrate the practical implementation of semantics. The work emphasizes the importance
of integrating different ways of semantics to improve the quality of bilingual and specialized
dictionaries.
Key words:
semantics, denotative, connotative, functional meanings, equivalents,
linguistic dictionaries, contextual interpretation.
Semanticization requires a deep study not only of the main meaning of the language unit,
but also of its contextual, cultural and emotional aspects. This approach fully defines the
possibilities of the word and further clarifies its use in speech. This process occupies a central
place in lexicography, especially in the creation of bilingual dictionaries, as it is important for
dictionary users to explain the manifestations of words in different contexts. However, in
linguistic knowledge, the denotative meaning of terms is primarily important, as their function
is to express a clear, unified meaning. We inform that scientific or special terms clearly define
mutual concepts and must be interpreted in the same way. In this case, emotional connotations,
synonymy or homonymy are not correct.
Terms and their main features:
1. Dominance of denotative meaning.
Scientific and special terms should have only primary, subject-oriented denotative
meaning. They require accuracy. For example,
"Phoneme" is the smallest unit of language that serves to distinguish the meanings of
words and their grammatical parts (D. Seydullaeva, 2018).
"Morpheme" is the smallest semantic unit of a word, a semantic-morphological unit that
stands after sound (D. Seydullaeva, 2018).
These concepts always have the same meaning in language learning and do not have a
figurative or emotional load.
2. Lack of emotional connotative meaning.
Scientific terms should not reflect emotional or evaluative types. They show objective
information. For example,
It is impossible to say that "Phoneme is an invisible unit of language, it shows the hidden
ornament of each word" or "Morpheme is a mysterious component, in which the meaning of
words and the source of power are hidden," because emotional connotation arises here.
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Connotative description can be used as a tradition in artistic painting, but it is not accepted as
a scientific basis.
3. Limited synonymous meanings.
In scientific language, only one term should correspond to one concept. Synonymy may
make the concept unclear. For example,
"Lexeme" and "unity of speech" are similar concepts, but "lexeme" is more accurate as a
scientific term.
4. Lack of homonymous meanings.
There should be no homonymy between terms, as this can confuse concepts. If terms in
the same form mean different meanings, a new term is created for each field to avoid their
emergence.
The concept of semanticization is of central importance in the field of lexicography and
linguistics, and its task is to determine the meaning of words, their contextual use and
grammatical features. The Russian-Karakalpak dictionary of bilingual linguistic terms,
published in 1992 on the initiative of our linguists D.S. Nasyrov, A. Bekbergenov and A.
Jarimbetov, is an important source for the development of scientific and academic work in the
Karakalpak language. The main focus of this dictionary is direct translation of the meanings of
words and terms from Russian into Karakalpak. In the dictionary, the denotative meanings of
words are given in a clear and simple form, which is intended to simplify the translation process
for the user.
At the same time, in some cases, explanations of linguistic terms are given. For example,
the grammatical or practical aspects are briefly explained, but the possibilities of contextual or
functional application are not always indicated. This dictionary, in accordance with the
requirements of its time, served as an easy translation guide for users of the Karakalpak
language.
The approach to the semanticization of terms in dictionaries has always been one of the
main issues of linguistics. O. Akhmanova's "Dictionary of Linguistic Terms" (1966) and
"Tilshunoslik terminlari lug`ati" by Sh. Safarov (2023) are important sources in this direction.
The process of semanticization in these dictionaries is not limited to explaining the meanings
of terms, but also aims to explain their alternatives in different languages and reflect their
linguistic application.
The dictionary of O. Akhmanova, which occupies a significant place in Russian linguistics,
covers about 7,000 linguistic terms and encompasses all areas of linguistics (phonetics,
morphology, syntax, lexicology, linguistic stylistics). The terms are not only explained, but also
translated into English and have alternatives in French, German and Spanish. In this case, each
dictionary explanation is distinguished by providing examples of the use of the term and a
deeper reflection of their scientific concepts. Furthermore, the practical application of terms in
the dictionary is broad and is an important source for researchers, students, and researchers.
One of the famous linguists in Uzbek linguistics, "Tilshunoslik terminlari lug`ati" by Sh.
Safarov was created for young researchers and students as a modern resource reflecting the
development of modern language knowledge. The dictionary explains a wide range of concepts
related to language in the Uzbek language, which further increases its practical significance. In
it, each term is given a broader definition, and special attention is paid to their
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interconnectedness and application. The dictionary also serves to make it easier for researchers
to translate scientific texts and work with them.
In conclusion, the display of terms in dictionaries varies depending on their function and
audience. Linguistic dictionaries pay attention to scientific accuracy and widely reflect
denotative and functional meanings. Bilingual dictionaries are intended for a wider range of
users and also include connotative meanings. Such different aspects of terminology show the
mutually complementary properties of dictionaries and increase their importance in the
general lexicographic process.
References:
1.
Norman, B. Yu., and M. Yu. Mukhin. "Leksicheskaya i grammaticheskaya semantika:
korpusnoe statisticheskoe issledovanie leksiko-semanticheskikh grupp." Sibirskiy
filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3, 2018, pp. 181. ISSN 1813-7083.
2.
Zolotova, G. A. Kommunikativnye aspekty russkogo sintaksisa. Moskva, 1982, p. 123.
3.
Lantyukhova, N. N., O. V. Zagorovskaya, and T. A. Litvinova. "Termin: Opredelenie
ponyatiya i ego sushchnostnye priznaki." Vestnik Voronezhskogo instituta GPS MChS Rossii,
vol. 1, no. 6, 2013.
