THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
75
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESOLUTION ON
ENLIGHTENMENT AND RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE
Babadjanova Dilobar
International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan
4nd stage student of Islamic studies
+998881318880
babadjanovaa@icloud.com
Mamazova Zarifa Kurbanovna
Scientific Supervisor:
Senior Lecturer of the “Social Sciences and Law” Department
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15281016
Abstract
. Interethnic harmony is interethnic harmony, international
friendship. Interethnic harmony is one of the main ideas of the ideology of
national independence, and is a concept that expresses the harmonious, joint,
and cooperative activities of representatives of different nationalities in a
certain territory or state without any conflicts. Interethnic harmony can be
called the spiritual basis of mutual respect, kindness, friendship, and solidarity
between people of different nationalities and ethnicities living in one society and
working towards a common goal. Not losing sight of common noble goals
between nations forms the basis for the development of ancient values.
Keywords
. Values, beliefs, enlightenment, ethics, religion, resolution on
religious tolerance, religious inter-confessional tolerance.
Introduction
In the current process of globalization, the issue of religious tolerance,
interfaith harmony, and mutual cooperation serves as one of the most important
principles for the peace and development of developed and developing
countries. If we look at history, it is no exaggeration to say that since ancient
times, our country has been a land where different peoples and nationalities,
with different cultures, languages, traditions, and lifestyles, have lived,
professing different religions, and are not similar to each other.
Main part
In this regard, I consider it appropriate to recall the following words of the
first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov. In particular; “Our
national characteristics are intertwined with universal values. Over the
centuries, our people have made a great contribution to the improvement of
universal, universal values. Respect for representatives of different nationalities,
coexistence with them, religious tolerance, striving for secular knowledge, and
studying the advanced experiences and cultures of other peoples have also been
inherent in our people from time immemorial.”
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International scientific-online conference
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It is a pleasure to see that citizens living in our country, regardless of their
religion, work together, in peace and tranquility, for the prosperity of our
country, setting an example for the whole world. May God Almighty continue
this. The Constitution of our republic states that representatives of all
nationalities living in our country, regardless of their nationality, language, faith,
or social status, constitute the people of Uzbekistan and that their rights and
interests, as well as freedom of religion, are ensured
1
.
In particular; According to Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, “All citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the same rights
and freedoms and shall be equal before the law, regardless of gender, race,
nationality, language, religion, social origin, beliefs, personal and social status.”
In this regard, the legal framework for freedom of conscience in our country has
been further improved, and today all conditions have been created for
representatives of different religions to practice their religions without any
obstacles in our homeland. Religious tolerance and interethnic harmony in our
country have historical roots and solid legal foundations, and solid legal
foundations have been created for relations between a secular state and
religions. The world recognizes and acknowledges this.
The greatest wealth we have achieved during the years of independence is
the peaceful and prosperous life of our people. The growing strength of such
noble qualities as mutual respect, kindness and tolerance in our society, as well
as the principle of living in harmony with national and universal values, is
widely recognized by the world community, which includes representatives of
all nationalities and ethnic groups living in our country.
It is appropriate to recall the words of the first President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov, shortly after our country gained its independence.
For example, his words: “Today, through this religion, purity is entering our
bodies and, God willing, purity is entering our hearts. The role of Islam in
transforming morality, enlightenment into the grace of our homes and the
character of people is becoming indispensable.” These words indicate how
important religious tolerance is in studying the history of religions
2
.
Today, representatives of more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups
live in our country as children of one family, in conditions of equality and mutual
solidarity, working towards the further development of our Motherland. All
necessary conditions have been created for their rights and freedoms, ensuring
their legitimate interests, receiving education, acquiring a profession according
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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to their interests and abilities, preserving and developing their culture,
traditions and values. As a result of such attention, the rich historical and
cultural heritage of our multinational people has been restored and appreciated.
In the history of mankind, one of the factors that has led to the violation of
equality between people, mutual conflicts, strong conflicts and similar situations
that hurt people is the religious discrimination of representatives of different
religions towards those who believe in and practice other religions, the feeling of
bias towards their own religion, fanaticism, and a different view of people of
other religions. As a result, various events and phenomena that are disturbing
the human language are taking place in the world today. It is precisely in order
to prevent such events and atrocities that religious tolerance is an urgent issue.
Regardless of the various differences that are occurring today, the slogan
that representatives of different religions have equal rights is being put forward.
If we look at the history of mankind, Islam was one of the first religions to
put forward the idea that believers of different religions can live in peace,
security, freedom, and equality in one society based on the principles of religious
tolerance and interfaith cooperation, and to implement it and promote it among
people
3
.
The Holy Quran, the authoritative source of our holy religion, declared 15
centuries ago that all the heavenly religions are from the same root. In
particular:
That is: "And We have ordained for you of the religion that which We
enjoined upon Noah, and that which We have revealed to you (Muhammad), and
that which We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, saying, 'Establish the
religion and do not become divided therein.'" We said.
If we look at this verse, just as He sent the religion to Noah, Abraham, Moses
and Jesus (peace be upon him), He also sent the true religion to Muhammad
(peace be upon him), the master of the Prophets, the light of our eyes and the
comfort of our hearts. This indicates that all the prophets He sent were
messengers of Allah Almighty, His chosen servants. The commentators have
stated that Allah Almighty gave the same command to the prophets He sent. This
command consisted of the command: "Establish the religion and do not become
divided therein."
These verses have laid the foundation for a thorough study of the history of
world religions, mutual cooperation, and activities based on the principles of
tolerance. Muslims are not intolerant and spiteful, enmity, or hatred towards
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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representatives of other religions, but rather respect and tolerance, mutual
cooperation, harmony, and other good deeds. Logically, it is natural for
representatives of different religions to gather as members of one society, one
region, one institution, and even one family. If various divisions are allowed in
this regard without taking into account divine instructions and without properly
understanding the essence of religion, it is likely that discord will arise among
citizens of society, as well as among blood relatives living in the same family.
Another verse in the Holy Quran says:
That is: “Say (O believers): We believe in Allah and what has been revealed
to us (the Book), and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and
the Tribes, and what was given to Moses, Jesus and the prophets from their Lord.
We do not single out any of them (as non-prophet), and we are His (Allah)
submitters,” he said.
We can see a vivid expression of following the rules of religious tolerance in
the authoritative source of our holy religion, the Holy Quran, in the lives of our
beloved, our Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him).
After the Prophet (peace be upon him) migrated to Medina, he concluded a
treaty with the Jews there, established the principles of peaceful coexistence and
cooperation for the benefit of society, and lived by it. Muhammad (peace be
upon him) had good personal relations with representatives of other religions
and treated them well. For example, he would give them gifts and accept gifts
from them. It is mentioned in several hadiths that he wore clothes donated by
representatives of other religions. This is a vivid example of religious tolerance
It's not wrong to say that it will happen.
It is appropriate to consider the following as an example of the Prophet's
(pbuh) adherence to the principle of tolerance. It is mentioned in the authentic
sources of Islamic history that Muhammad (pbuh) personally served Christian
guests from Abyssinia by welcoming them to his mosque and saying, "They
respected our hosts. I would like to honor them myself"
4
.
Several hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) on this
subject emphasize that, regardless of a person's religion, he should be respected
first and foremost for his humanity. For example: Abdurrahman Abu Layla
narrated: "Sahl ibn Nanif and Qays ibn Sa'd were sitting in Qadisiyah when a
coffin of a dead person passed by them. Then they both stood up. Those who saw
this said to them: "Is this a dead person from the Dhimmis?" They replied: "One
day a coffin of a dead person passed by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
79
him). Then he stood up. Then they said that he was a Jew. The Messenger of
Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Isn't he a soul?""
In all Sharia matters of life, good relations with representatives of different
religions, participation in their feasts and ceremonies, eating their slaughtered
animals, and even marrying their women are considered permissible acts. Our
fiqh books have dealt with this issue as necessary and provided conclusions.
Even after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the
tradition of good relations with representatives of other religions that he
initiated (religious tolerance, interfaith cooperation, and mutual dialogue) was
continued in an integral and consistent manner. For example, during the time of
Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), the people of Ilya in the
conquered land gave the Christians more opportunities than they asked for.
Then, when the Christian patriarch informed Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased
with him) that he could pray the afternoon prayer in the main mosque of that
place, he did not pray there, saying, "If I pray here, then other Muslims will
bother you, saying, 'We will also pray where Umar prayed,'" and so they did not
pray there. This is another factor that proves that tolerance is a principle of life
and harmony between different religions.
It is also useful to mention that Western religious scholar (historian) Mark
Says explained the tolerance during the time of Harun al-Rashid as follows:
"Christians, pagans, Jews and Muslims were all equal in the service of the
government." If we look at history and study it, we can see that Caliph Ma'mun
gathered scholars of different religions and sects in his "Academy" and said,
"Discuss whatever you want about science, as long as everyone does not bring
evidence from their religious books so that sectarianism does not arise," which
also serves as the basis for the formation of good relations between religions.
There are many such authentic examples from history, both from the
history of Islam and from the history of other religions.
The instructions emphasized in the primary sources of Islam and expressed
by our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) on how to practice them
continue to this day. The peaceful coexistence of representatives of different
confessions in our society, the friendly dialogues that support the principles of
harmony between religions, testify to the enduring stability of our ancient
traditions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is appropriate to say that there was no discussion about
which of the religions practiced by humanity today are true and which are false.
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There was no debate about which of them should be followed and which is more
beneficial for humanity, but rather, the importance of the principles of tolerance
and interfaith harmony in our lives was thoroughly explored in the study of the
history of religions..
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taraqqiyot strategiyasi markazi ⇒ o‘zbekistonda diniy bag‘rikenglik
