THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
25
AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGES IN PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY (5-6 YEARS)
Rustamov Akbar Askarovich
Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
Physical education and sports chair teacher
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15000236
Annotation:
The article highlights various problems related to physical
growth problems in preschool children and considers the main educational
goals. It examines changes in physical activity by age and gender, as well as
strategies to improve the physical development and health of young children
through exercise, active play, and outdoor activities. In addition, it discusses
ways to improve children's physical qualities and provides practical
recommendations for teaching fundamental movements. These guidelines are
aimed at optimizing physical exertion while preventing fatigue, taking into
account the child
Keywords:
Physical activity, physical education, physical qualities, training,
preschool age, physical activity, health, action games, loading, exhaustion,
temperance, strength, agility, agility, flexibility.
One of the pressing problems is the creation of sufficient conditions to make
the growing young generation physically healthy and fit today. Currently, several
practical works have been adopted to overcome these problems and create
adequate conditions, including a number of decisions and laws aimed at
improving and improving the activities of the educational system, in particular,
the preschool organization. As a clear proof of our opinion, we can see the
decrees of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 28.01.2022 PF-60, PF-
158 of 11.09.2023.
When working with children of preschool age, it is necessary to take into
account their age characteristics, take into account certain knowledge that
ascends in the conscious activity of the child, as well as the methods and skills of
activities that teach the child to movements.
Children's well-being is crucial to the nation's future and overall well-being.
The health of the young generation has a great impact not only on their personal
life, but also on the development of society and the country. Today, various
factors, including environmental degradation, air pollution, and depletion of
water resources pose a threat to children's health. As a result, efforts to improve
environmental conditions, preserve natural resources, and adopt a healthy
lifestyle have become important. Preschool age is an important stage of human
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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development, and one of the most effective ways to strengthen health during
this period is physical education and routine.
To solve the main tasks of physical growth and education in preschool
children, it is recommended to include physical activity and action games that
enhance their basic motor skills. Practicing exercises, games and activities that
involve high movement activity during walking and outdoor games have a
positive effect on the emotional state of children, help strengthen their will,
educate courage and independence. The approach to the correct implementation
of action games, including their selection and modification, is aimed at
strengthening the health of the child, increasing his physical fitness, expanding
the functional capabilities of the div. Games that involve movement while
walking increase the type of sport that children should excel in. Outdoor games
rely on constant repetition.
According to various scientific views, movement development is primarily
ensured through daily activities, sports and systematic physical education. The
actions of young children are often characterized by fulfilling their natural need
for spontaneity, purpose, and activity. At the same time, when evaluating
physical exercises or training, it is necessary to take into account the natural
movements performed from 5.
Each action a child performs builds on previous actions, creating a
foundation for developing skills and flexibility. As preschool children continue to
grow, their ability to perform various physical tasks improves, which
emphasizes the important role of physical education teachers in the classroom.
The relevance of this topic is evident in many scientific studies analyzing
the developmental characteristics of preschool children. Research shows that
children undergo significant anatomical and physiological changes during this
stage, emphasizing the importance of movement activities in their overall
development. Physical qualities such as speed, strength, agility, and endurance
must be cultivated through well-structured performance-enhancing exercises. In
addition, in the organization of physical development programs, appropriate
exercise loads should be considered to support the effective growth of children.
Scientific research work has shown that:
1) artificially limiting exercise load or reducing load;
2) selected by young children during exercise;
3) repetitions of exercises;
4) increasing the load of exercises in repetitions.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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It is worth noting that exercising leads to a decrease in energy in the div,
but the energy of the div increases if the routine continues to train, wanting
the necessary vitamins. The corresponding level of energy of the physiological
functions of the div of young children in general is determined by the
characteristics of the activity of the skeletal muscles of the young child.
Movement activity is inextricably linked with other analyzers - speech,
hearing, consciousness and many nerve centers, cranial centers that control
various functions. In particular, the state of vegetative functions has a positive
effect on the excitability of Musculoskeletal and muscle receptors, and impulses
are sent to the central nervous system.
The effective use of exercise and action games is the main tool for the
formation of mental abilities,knowledge, thinking,consciousness, memory and
correct writing of preschool children. As a result of special training of children's
fingers for four weeks, the speed of solving arithmetic problems leads to an
improvement. In parallel with the improvement of movement, it has been
proven that speech also develops in a parallel way. With the help of movement
activity, a correct and meaningful understanding of words, clear pronunciation
and an increase in vocabulary of preschool children are achieved.
A.N.Normurodov believes that games are one of the most effective means of
physical education and development. He divided a significant portion of physical
education classes into games: for the lower grades, he spent half of the class on
games, and for the middle grades, one-third of the class. He believes that active
games have an important educational and educational value because they
involve much more complex movements than solo Gymnastics. It aims to
implement active games in schools and kindergartens as a decisive method of
physical and spiritual education.
The importance of action games lies in their clarity and openness to
children of different ages. While there are many action games that deal with
ethnic and other features, they still demonstrate common features of the
activity, including participants ' interaction with the environment and real-life
understanding. The variety of action options in situations that arise suddenly
and are constantly changing requires the manifestation of creativity, activity and
initiative, accompanied by goal-oriented and purposeful behavior aimed at
achieving a specific goal. The widespread use of opportunities denoting
independent and relatively unrestricted actions, the combination of the priority
of collective interests with compliance with the conditions of agreed or
established personal choice is associated with a strong manifestation of
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
28
emotions. All of this, from a methodological point of view, defines action games
as a pedagogical tool that has a multifaceted and complex impact on education.
Complexity is manifested in the development of movement abilities, as well as in
the strengthening and growth of important physical, mental and moral qualities.
Almost every game involves actions such as running, jumping, throwing,
and maintaining balance. Games help the child develop important physical
qualities such as strength and speed, while increasing various activity and
abilities.
When we include in the daily routine of preschool children constant
activity with movement activities and exercise, in addition to improving the
overall physical fitness of the child, the biological need for movement activities
can also be met. Movement activity contributes to the good development of the
child, has a high impact on mental and physical development, strengthens the
level of Health and serves as a key factor in the formation of movement skills
necessary for life. This is the main criterion for improving physical activity
The duration of movement activity should be at least 50-60%, depending
on the total time in which preschool children are awake. The number of
movements performed in an average of 1 minute of movement activity can be as
follows:
-for children three to four years old - 38-41 moves;
for children from five to six years old - 42-50 movements;
for children from six to seven years old-44-52 movements can be
performed.
Shishkina preschool children take into account the activity of movement
and divide them into three groups:
1) low-mobility children-the duration of one-day physical activity is equal
to 30-40 minutes, and includes preschool children who perform physical activity
equal to 2700-4500 steps per day;
2) moderately mobile children - preschool children, in which the duration
of one day of physical activity is distinguished by the same activity of movement
during the day. The duration of daily physical activity is 2.5-3 hours, the average
number of daily steps is 5300-6700 steps, the intensity ranges from 32 steps per
minute to 56 steps;
3) Multi - motile children-the duration of one day of physical activity is 139-
212 minutes per day, which includes preschool children with a high level of
physical activity, while the intensity of movements ranges from 54 steps per
minute to 108 steps per minute.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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In conclusion, it is worth saying that the role of exercise, the Healing Forces
of Nature, Action Games is incomparable in the comprehensive maturation of
children, their physical development and strengthening their health. Upon the
child's arrival in the world, if we instill it through the physical exercises
mentioned above, the child will not only be healthy, but also get rid of such
conditions as various diseases, weak immunity, and there is no need for
excessive problems. If, based on the selection of special exercises and action
games, the effectiveness of indicators of the development of physical qualities is
constantly analyzed, such training improves the developmental productivity of
all physical qualities.
The following exercises on the development of movement activity of
preschool children are offered:
№
Content
Norm
1.
Running between the items as a “snake trail”
10 m-2-3 times
2.
Acceleration (fast running) – go and run, gradually
increasing the speed.
3 x 10 m
3.
Running in one norm.
50 m.
4.
Jump up, alternately depressing on the legs to
develop leg strength.
3 x 10 m.
5.
Standing in place and carrying knees high.
For 10 seconds.
6.
Jump long from where you stand.
3-4 times
7.
Running from the top start.
3 x 5 m
9.
Jump up from where you are.
1-2 times
10.
Throwing a Tennis ball (150 gr )
2-4 times
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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