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THE PECULIARITIES OF THE TRANSLATION OF PROVERBS AND
SAYINGS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF A.QODIRIY'S WORK "THE
SCORPION FROM THE ALTAR")
Aqila Shabonqizi Sattorova
Teacher, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14807649
Annotation
This article analyzes the peculiarities encountered in the process of
translating proverbs and sayings. In particular, on the example of A. Qodiriy's
work “The Scorpion from the Altar”, how national and artistic means of
expression are reflected in the translation is studied. The original and translated
texts are compared, and semantic and stylistic changes are analyzed. The
translator's methods of rendering folk expressions are also considered. The
article emphasizes the importance of the correct reflection of proverbs and
sayings in translation.
Keywords:
proverbs and sayings, artistic translation, A. Qodiriy, “The
Scorpion from the Altar”, national expression, translation methods, folk
proverbs, linguistic features, literary analysis.
Introduction:
The art of translation is one of the important areas of
literature and linguistics, which is of incomparable importance in conveying the
culture, traditions, spiritual and mental world of a particular people to other
languages. In particular, in the translation of works of art, preserving the
national color, correctly conveying the author's style, and naturally expressing
images and events are among the important issues. In this regard, the process of
translating examples of folk oral creativity, including proverbs and sayings, is of
particular importance.
Proverbs are the product of centuries-old experience, life views and
wisdom of the people, and they express the worldview of the people in a short
and concise form. Therefore, their translation is not limited only to changing the
means of language, but also requires conveying the mentality of a particular
people through other means of language. Therefore, the translation of proverbs
is considered one of the most difficult and responsible processes for the
translator. Translating them word for word can often lead to logical or stylistic
errors. The translation requires taking into account the phraseological units,
artistic means and cultural context of both languages.
The novel “The Scorpion from the Altar” by one of the prominent figures of
Uzbek literature, Abdulla Qodiriy, is one of the finest works of 20th-century
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Uzbek prose, in which folk expressions, proverbs and sayings are widely used.
This increases the national spirit and artistic value of the work. This article
analyzes how proverbs and sayings are reflected in various translations of the
work. It studies whether they are translated correctly or incorrectly, whether
the author's style is preserved, and the peculiarities allowed in the translation
process.
Main part:
Although some proverbs can be translated directly, most
proverbs are artistically incompatible or their meaning may change. Since
proverbs are related to the lifestyle and customs of a particular people, it is
important to express them in a way that is understandable to representatives of
other cultures during the translation process. In many cases, proverbs that are
similar in meaning can be found in other languages. However, in some cases, if
an equivalent proverb cannot be found, the translator is forced to express its
meaning in a free form.
As an example, let's consider the following proverbs from the novel “The
Scorpion from the Altar”, for example:
“A thief starts first from his home”
This proverb is one of the Uzbek folk wisdoms, the meaning of which is that
a person who starts a bad deed first harms those around him. If translated
literally, this phrase may not be understandable in another language. For
example, if translated directly into English as “A thief starts from his own home”,
it may cause misunderstanding. Therefore, it is advisable to adapt it to the
existing English proverb “Charity begins at home, but so does sin”
“There is no sickle - reap the wheat with your hands”
This proverb means that in a certain situation it is necessary to solve the
problem in an alternative way. It can be directly translated into Russian as “Нет
серпа - жни пшеницу руками”. However, this expression is not widely used in
Russian. Therefore, it is appropriate to adapt it to the Russian proverb “На
безрыбье и рак – рыба” (Where there is no fish, even a crab is a fish).
“El oq‘ziga elak tutib bo‘lmaydi”
This proverb means that people cannot stop talking, any talk will spread
anyway. The corresponding proverb in English could be “You cannot stop people
from talking” or “Rumors spread like wildfire”.
A. Qodiriy used proverbs and sayings extensively in his novel. It is
important to analyze how these proverbs have changed in different translations
of the work. Sometimes a direct translation of the proverb is used, but this is not
always understandable or natural. Some proverbs are replaced with an analogue
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that is suitable for the culture and language of another language. While
preserving the main meaning of the proverb, it is adapted to the style of the
target language.
For example, let's take the proverb "If you pet someone else's dog, it will
bite you." It can be directly translated into English as "If you pet someone else's
dog, it will bite you," but this does not sound natural. The English equivalent is
"No good deed goes unpunished." Proverbs and sayings are the historical and
cultural memory of the people, and care must be taken when translating them.
In the translations of the novel “The Scorpion from the Altar” there are cases of
changing proverbs or directly translating them. In order to preserve the artistic
spirit of the original, the translator must try not to lose the national flavor.
Therefore, it is effective to search for equivalent proverbs or use the method of
free translation in translation.
The translation of proverbs and sayings is one of the most complex and
important aspects of literary translation, requiring the translator's skill, deep
knowledge of the language and culture. Since they reflect the national mindset,
historical experience and wisdom of the people, not only the literal meaning, but
also their artistic and aesthetic value should be preserved in the translation
process.
Abdulla Qodiriy's novel “The Scorpion from the Altar” is one of the most
artistically mature works of Uzbek literature, in which folk proverbs and sayings
are widely used. These proverbs play an important role in naturalizing the
general style of the work, the speech of the characters and conveying the
national color. In the process of translating them, the translator uses various
methods - word-for-word translation, searching for equivalent proverbs or free
translation. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, but the
most important aspect is that the translator must express proverbs and sayings
in another language in the spirit and meaning inherent in the Uzbek people.
The analyzed translations show that literal translation is not always
effective. Because the language and culture of each nation are different,
phraseological units from one language can lose their meaning or become
ambiguous when translated into another. Therefore, translators should use the
methods of searching for analogical equivalent proverbs or free translation. For
example, translating the proverb “El og‘ziga elak tutib bo‘lmayda” into English as
“Rumors spread like wildfire” will more accurately convey its meaning. Also,
preserving the national flavor and artistic style is very important in translation.
Since A. Qodiriy’s style is written in a lively, folk language, the translator must
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preserve the tone of speech along with its content. Artistically incorrect
translations can change the tone of a work, make characters' speech seem
artificial, or reduce the aesthetic impact of the work.
In conclusion,
the translation of proverbs and sayings is not only a
linguistic process, but also a cultural mediation. The translator must convey not
only the words, but also the historical and cultural context behind them. The
example of the translation of proverbs in the novel “The Scorpion from the
Altar” shows that effective translation should be based on conveying the
meaning and spirit, not the literal meaning. This, in turn, requires the
translator’s creative approach, linguistic knowledge, and intercultural thinking.
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