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CULTURAL HERITAGE OF ANCIENT UZBEKISTAN
Ismailov Tokhirjon Khushnudbek ugli
Independent researcher of Urgnch State Pedagogical Institute
E-mail: ismailovtohir4349@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-3653
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14044602
Introduction
.
The cultural heritage formed in ancient Uzbekistan is an integral part of
human history, and with its uniqueness, diversity and richness, it has made a
great contribution to the development of world culture. Historically and
culturally, the territory of Uzbekistan has embodied cultural monuments and
heritages of various peoples and civilizations since ancient times. Peoples,
different religions and civilizations have been in contact with each other here for
thousands of years, creating unique examples of art and culture. Architectural
monuments, crafts, musical art, folklore, literature and other cultural aspects
constitute the historical and cultural identity of the Uzbek people.
The cultural heritage of ancient Uzbekistan is of great importance not only
in the study of its history, but also in the formation of modern culture. These
cultural heritages reflect not only the uniqueness of the Uzbek people, but also
the mutual relations between the cultures of Central Asia and the world. Today,
the study and preservation of the cultural heritage of ancient Uzbekistan is of
great importance not only for scientific research, but also for promoting the
cultural wealth of the world community.
This thesis analyzes the cultural heritage of ancient Uzbekistan, its
components and its contribution to world culture. Also, the role and importance
of this heritage in modern society and scientific and practical approaches to its
preservation are considered.
In the center of Ichan-Kala stands one of the tallest minarets in Uzbekistan.
This is the minaret of Islam Khoja. The minaret is part of the same complex,
which includes a madrasa and a mosque. The height of the minaret is 56.6
meters and it is the second largest in Central Asia. The first place in height is the
Qutlug Temur minaret in Old Urgench (height 62 meters), and the third place is
the Khasti Imam minaret in Tashkent (height 53 meters).
The construction of the minaret began in 1908 at the initiative of the chief
minister of the Khiva khans Muhammad Rahim Khan and Asfandiyar Khan -
Islam Khoja. The construction was attended by the best Central Asian architects
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of that time, among them Khudoybergan Haji and famous naqqoshi
Eshmuhammad Khudoyberdiev and Bolta Voisov.
Photo 1. Tower of Islam Khuja.
At the base, the diameter of the minaret is 9.5 meters, which is traditionally
narrowed to the top. When you look at the minaret from below upwards, you
can feel the grandeur of this structure. The top of the minaret is decorated with a
lace cornice, illuminated by a small dome lamp above the preacher's room. The
base of the minaret is made of burnt brick. The brickwork is laid in combination
with glazed bricks made of flour. The inside of the tower is a spiral staircase
made of burnt brick. After going 175 steps down the stairs you can go to the
main rotunda with the windows. From here there is an amazing view of the city.
Previously, the minaret was used as an observation post and to call Muslims
to prayer (azan). Today, the functions of the minaret have not changed. Going up
to the viewing platform, you can observe the fabulous sights of the city and hear
the muezzin singing azan in prayer hours. The unique minaret of Islam Khoja is
included in the UNESCO World Heritage Representative List.
You can see the grandiose complex, madrasah, minaret and khanaka in the
old part of the city of Andijan. The buildings of the complex attract with their
size, which are considered one of the largest in Central Asia and magnificent
traditional decor. The surface of the minaret is decorated with an ornament in
the form of a medallion, inside of which sayings from the Koran are embossed in
Arabic.
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Photo 1. Madrasah and tower in Andijan.
In the past centuries, muddaris (teachers of theological schools) and imams
were trained in the complex, now there is a Museum of Literature and Art of the
Andijan region, where you can learn about the culture and history of the region.
Conclusion.
The cultural heritage of ancient Uzbekistan, as an integral part of human
history, played an important role in the development of not only the Uzbek
people, but also the entire Central Asian and world culture. Uzbekistan's rich
cultural heritage reflects the life, ways of thinking and aesthetic views of ancient
peoples through its unique architectural monuments, art, literature, music and
handicrafts. These heritages have not lost their importance not only in the
historical, but also in the formation of modern culture.
Today, the issues of studying and preserving the cultural heritage of ancient
Uzbekistan are of urgent importance. Preservation and promotion of this
heritage creates great opportunities not only in scientific research, but also in
the fields of cultural tourism, education and international relations. The role and
importance of ancient monuments and works of art in modern society plays an
important role in uniting society and strengthening ties between the past and
the present.
At the same time, the need to preserve the ancient cultural heritage, to pass it on
to future generations, as well as to widely promote its importance at the
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international level, is increasing day by day. Protecting cultural heritage and
analyzing it on a scientific basis allows for a deeper understanding of not only its
historical significance, but also its role in today's society. Scientific and practical
work in this regard will provide opportunities to further enrich our culture and
promote it in the international arena
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13999651
