Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/socinov/index
Ethnic and age concepts in Russian, English and Uzbek materials
Diyora SHAROFOVA
1
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received February 2021
Received in revised form
20 February 2021
Accepted 15 March 2021
Available online
15 April 2021
The effectiveness of intercultural communication directly
depends on the knowledge of the peculiarities of the cultural
pictures of the world of the communicants. This work examines
such components of the pictures of the world as ethnic and age
concepts. Especially, in materials such as proverbs, literal works
are considered and differentiated the concepts of age and
ethnicity. This article highlights the age and ethnic differences
that reflect the entire way of life of the Uzbek-Russian peoples. In
particular, the diversity of views of the Uzbek, Russian and
British peoples on age, as well as the diversity of colors in ethnic
views is clearly reflected. The cultural attitude towards of Uzbek
Russian and English ethnicity may differ in several meanings,
this the widest topic to search and analyze differences, but in the
article the main part of variety is given.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
the concepts of ethnicity and
age,
feminine,
masculine,
old,
young,
proverbs,
axiologization,
geographic factor,
anthropological type,
ethnic identity,
language,
facial expressions,
gestures,
ethnic stereotypes,
anthropological features,
comparative analysis.
Rus, ingliz va o‘zbek materiallarida etnik va yosh tushunchalari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
etnik va yosh,
ayol,
erkak,
keksa,
yosh,
maqollar,
aksiologizatsiya,
geografik omil,
Madaniyatlararo muloqot samaradorligi to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri
kommunikatorlar dunyosining madaniy rasmlarining o‘ziga
xos xususiyatlarini bilishga bog‘liq. Ushbu asarda dunyo
rasmlarining etnik va yosh tushunchalari kabi tarkibiy qismlari
ko‘rib chiqilgan. Ayniqsa, maqollar kabi materiallarda so‘zma-
so‘z asarlar yosh va etnik tushunchalarni hisobga olgan va
farqlangan. Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek-rus xalqlarining butun hayot
tarzini aks ettiruvchi yosh va etnik tafovutlar yoritilgan. Xususan,
1
Assistant lecturer, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 3 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
146
antropologik tip,
etnik o‘ziga xoslik,
til,
mimika,
imo-ishoralar,
etnik stereotiplar,
antropologik xususiyatlar,
qiyosiy tahlil.
o‘zbek, rus va ingliz xalqlarining yoshga bo'lgan qarashlarining
xilma-xilligi, etnik qarashlardagi ranglarning xilma-xilligi aniq
aks etgan. O‘zbek rus va ingliz etniklariga nisbatan madaniy
munosabat bir nechta ma’nolarda farq qilishi mumkin, bu
farqlarni izlash va tahlil qilish uchun eng keng mavzu, ammo
maqolada xilma-xillikning asosiy qismi berilgan.
Этнические и возрастные концепции на материалах
на русском, английском и узбекском языках
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
этничность и возраст,
женское,
мужское,
старое,
молодое,
пословицы,
аксиологизация,
географический фактор,
антропологический тип,
этническая идентичность,
язык,
мимика,
жесты,
этнические стереотипы,
антропологические
особенности,
сравнительный анализ.
Эффективность межкультурной коммуникации напрямую
зависит от знания особенностей культурных картин мира
коммуникантов. В работе исследуются такие компоненты
картины мира, как этнические и возрастные концепции. В
частности, в таких материалах, как пословицы, литературные
произведения,
рассматриваются
и
дифференцируются
понятия возраста и национальности. В статье освещаются
возрастные и этнические различия, отражающие весь образ
жизни узбекско-русских народов. В частности, ярко
отражается пестрота взглядов узбеков, русских и британцев
на возраст, а также пестрота цветов в этнических взглядах.
Культурное отношение к узбекской русской и английской
национальности может различаться в нескольких смыслах,
это самая широкая тема для поиска и анализа различий, но в
статье дана основная часть разнообразия.
In fact, conceptualization is carried out using binary oppositions, which makes it
possible to structure the idea of objective reality in consciousness. The concepts under
consideration are based on such oppositions as “us” – “alien”, “masculine” – “feminine”,
“old” – “young”. In addition, one of the components of the concept is evaluativeness,
thus, the dichotomy “good” – “bad” is imposed on the aforementioned oppositions.
Axiologization varies in different social communities, therefore, in each culture, the
members of the considered oppositions are labeled differently.
The object of the study of concepts is the terminological layer of the language, since the
life experience of an ethnic community is recorded in folklore. Analysis of these concepts in
termins makes it possible to reconstruct certain aspects of the paremiological picture of the
world, but it must be remembered that the results of the work are limited to this.
It is also necessary to take into account the fact that there are antonymous proverbs,
which is not a disadvantage, but on the contrary characterizes any phenomenon from
different sides.
The analyzed material showed that the language is inherent in the fixation of
deviations from the norm, so, for example, in the proverbs about age there is a lot of
reasoning about youth and old age, but there is almost no direct judgment about maturity,
negative traits that are denied in themselves prevail in the characteristics of other ethnic
groups
Analysis of ethnic, gender and age paremias of the Russian, Uzbek languages and
English allowed us to draw the following conclusions: 1. The concept of ethnicity is
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 3 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
147
expressed through the separation of oneself from others, is embodied in the duality
“we” – “not us”, “ours” – “alien”. The scope of this concept includes the following
components: geographic factor, anthropological type, ethnic identity, language, facial
expressions, gestures, ethnonymy, religion, family type, ethnic stereotypes.
In the paremias of the studied communities, ethnic self-awareness is expressed in
an assessment of one’s own and another’s, a manifestation of love for the native side, and
Americans are proud of their country, call for loyalty to the country, regardless of whether
it is right or not. Tatars say that a person feels stronger in his native land, they believe in
the invincibility, eternity of the existence of their people. Russians speak of their country
as a female image, an image of a mother giving birth to heroes, this is associated with the
cult of the Mother of God in Orthodoxy.
Russians, in spite of patriotism, note that travel, comparison of different traditions
has a positive effect on a person, an intelligent person can live everywhere, you just need
to follow the established way of the country in which you live.
Anthropological features are reflected in judgments about the appearance of their
people and ridiculing the differences between representatives of other ethnic
communities, and their characteristics act as a norm, dominant, and assessment criterion.
Russian proverbs about language contain the traditional axiological character of the
opposition “ours” – “alien”, they note a negative attitude towards a foreign language as
something incomprehensible and hostile. In the Uzbek picture of the world, its own
language is assessed positively, we have not noted any paramounts about the languages of
other ethnic groups.
In the corpus of American proverbs, religion is spoken of as a moral law, morality
that keeps people from doing bad things, in Russian folklore it speaks more about God than
about religion. God is a moral principle, an all-seeing eye. The Uzbek people equate the
opinion of the people with the voice of God.
Non-verbal communicative signs of an ethnic community have not been recorded
paremiologically. In our opinion, this is due to the essence of facial expressions and
gestures, their complementarity in relation to verbosity.
Ethnic auto- and hetero-stereotypes containing judgments about the national
character of their people, as well as their neighbors, entered the proverbial fund. Paremias
reflect evaluative opinions about the moral, physical and mental characteristics inherent
in both their own and other ethnic communities. Typical for ethno-stereotypes is the ease
of generalization when it comes to the characteristics of a particular ethnic group.
Stereotypes are tenacious and stable, as they exist in the collective consciousness.
The paremiological fund containing ethnic stereotypes in the Russian language
is richer than in English. The Uzbek national character includes the following qualities –
kindness, hospitality, breadth of soul, seriousness, pride, straightforwardness, endurance.
Americans are proud of their country, claiming that their main occupation is
business. In the American character, the following qualities are noted – patriotism,
religiosity, practicality, pride.
Heterostereotypes embrace those nations with which the studied ethnic
communities contacted in the historical process. American statements about other peoples
are neutral and include knowledge of geography and history. Russians speak directly,
emotionally, endowing others with personal characteristics. Americans speak out about
Indians, Italians, Germans, French, Russians, Arabs, Eskimos, Jews. Uzbek proverbs reflect
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 3 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
148
kindness, hospitality, breadth of soul. Thus, characteristics are given to their special
qualities of the Uzbek people. Uzbeks and Americans alike note the cunning of Italians and
the practicality of the Germans.
To Americans, the French appear to be stupid, while in Russians the image of a
Frenchman is endowed with cowardice, agility, and talkativeness.
2. The next concept involved in social identity is the age concept. Since ancient times,
this concept has expressed the archetypes of stairs or travel, that is, the change of any
stages in a person’s life.
Comparative analysis of the concept “age” in the paremias of three different-system
languages showed that the attitude to age among Russians, Tatars and Americans is largely
the same.
In the pictures of the world of different ethnic communities, the following age stages
are distinguished – childhood, youth, old age. Maturity is not separately distinguished,
therefore all proverbs can be reduced to the binary opposition “youth” – “old age”. So, in
the American picture of the world, it is noted that age is an objective natural phenomenon
that cannot be hidden, but each stage of life has its own advantages.
The attitude of Uzbeks Americans and Russians towards the younger generation is
mostly similar. This age is assessed as follows: children bring not only joy, but also
troubles.
This is the period of life when knowledge is laid, character is formed, the life
experience of adults is passed on to children. The Tatar Paremiology Foundation advises
to monitor the mental development of the child. Russian and Tatar proverbs describe a
child's playfulness, American proverbs – carelessness. In the paremias of the three
languages, the inexperience, the ingenuousness of the child is called, which makes him
speak the truth. In all languages, it is recommended to punish children, and this is done by
the father.
In all the studied pictures of the world, youth is assessed positively, as a golden,
unique time. The dichotomy “youth-oldness” is expressed in life in the confrontation of
generations, “the conflict of fathers and children”, which is reflected in American and
Russian proverbs.
All three languages emphasize the flexibility, learning and vulnerability of young
people. Conversely, old people are credited with life experience, wisdom, but also
conservatism in judgments and the inability to change.
Also, there are a number of paremias in the Russian, Uzbek languages and English,
in which the idea is expressed that the mind is not always inherent in old age, therefore
old people are often compared with small children.
Russians and Americans have an idea of the dependence of old age on how you
spend your younger years. According to Americans, people get worse with old age – they
are talkative and live on memories of the past.
We found remarkable attitudes towards love in old age in all three languages. It is
condemned by society, considered sinful, although Americans recognize that an old man
can love more than a young one.
Uzbeks, Russians and Americans consider grief, not years, to be the main cause of
aging. Suffering changes people. Everyone recognizes that old age is not a joy, since many
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 3 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
149
diseases appear with age, this is the final stage of life, which will surely be followed by
death.
In all cultures, there is a call to respect elders, it is based on the fact that all people
age. For a woman, age-related changes are unbearable, so she hides her age. Both Russians
and Americans believe that a woman becomes grumpy by old age.
REFERENCES:
1.
Abisheva A.K. O ponyatii «tsennost» // Voprosy filosofii. – 2002. – № 3. – S. 139–146.
2.
Abraham F., Mitina O., Houston D. Theory of chaos and the Internet in the postmodern
epoch // Computer. 2000. – № 28. – P. 38–40.
3.
Alekseeva V.A. Ethnos // Modern philosophical dictionary / Ed. V.E. Kemerova, Moscow,
Bishkek, Ekaterinburg, 1996. – P. 37.
4.
Alperovich V.D. Social gerontology. Rostov n / D: Phoenix, 1997. – P. 576.
5.
Amirova T.A. From the history of linguistics of the XX century. M.: CheRo, 1999. – P. 106.
6.
Andreeva G.M. Social psychology. M.: Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo Universiteta,
1994. – P. 429.
7.
Anufrieva E.V., Polejaev D.V. The concept of “floor” in modern feminology //
Zhenshchiny Rossii on the border of XX–XXI centuries. Proceedings of the Ivanovo International
Scientific Conference, April 23-24, 1998. – Ivanovo: Yunona, 1998. P. 39–41.
8.
Apresyan Yu.D. Obraz cheloveka po dannym yazyka: popыtka sistemnogo opisaniya //
Вопросы языкознания. 1995. – № 1. – S. 37–67.
9.
Yu. Arutyunova N.D. Naivnye razmishleniya o naivnoy kartine mira // Yazyk o
yazyke. M., 2000. – P. 7–19.
10.
P. Arutyunova N.D. Problems of communication // Arutyunova N.D. Yazyki mir
cheloveka. M.: Yazyki russkoy kultury, 1998. – С. 643–686.
11.
Askarov A. Ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people. (tutorial) – T.: 2007.
12.
Babushkin A.P. Types of concepts in lexical-phraseological semantics of writing, ix
lichnostnaya and national specificity. Dis.Ph.D. filol.science. Voronezh, 1997. – P. 329.
13.
Babushkin A.P. Kontsepty raznyx tipov v leksike i frazeologii i metodika ix vyyavleniya
// Metodologicheskie problem kognitivnoy lingvistiki: Nauchnoe izdanie / Pod redaktsiey
I.A. Sternina. Voronezh: Voronezh State University, 2001. – P. 52–57.
14.
Shoniyozov K. The process of formation of the Uzbek people. Tashkent. 2001.
