SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
30
PROBLEMS OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
CONSONANT FORMATION
Mirzаakhmedоvа Sevinсh Abdugappar qizi
Student of Western Languages department
Oriental University, Tashkent , Uzbekistan
Abdullaeva Zakhro
Scientific supervisor, Senior lecturer
Faculty of Philology, Oriental University.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15369115
Аbstrасt.
This article explores the general principles of consonant
formation in linguistics, focusing on the challenges and complexities inherent in
this aspect of phonetics and phonology. Consonant formation involves a range of
articulatory processes, including place of articulation, manner of articulation,
and voicing, which collectively contribute to the distinct sounds produced in
human languages.
Keywоrds:
Consonant formation, articulatory mechanisms, palatography,
phonetics, phonology, speaker habits
Аннотация.
В этой статье рассматриваются общие принципы
образования согласных в лингвистике, с упором на проблемы и сложности,
присущие этому аспекту фонетики и фонологии. Образование согласных
включает в себя ряд артикуляционных процессов, включая место
артикуляции, способ артикуляции и озвончение, которые в совокупности
способствуют образованию различных звуков в человеческих языках.
Ключевые слова:
Формирование согласных, артикуляционные
механизмы, палатография, фонетика, фонология, привычки ораторов.
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada fonetika va fonologiyaning ushbu jihatiga
xos boʻlgan muammo va murakkabliklarga eʼtibor qaratilib, tilshunoslikda
undosh hosil boʻlishining umumiy tamoyillari oʻrganiladi. Undosh tovushlarning
shakllanishi bir qator artikulyatsiya jarayonlarini, jumladan, artikulyatsiya joyi,
artikulyatsiya usuli va ovoz berishni o'z ichiga oladi, ular birgalikda inson
tillarida hosil bo'ladigan aniq tovushlarga yordam beradi.
Kalit soʻzlar:
Undosh tovushlarning shakllanishi, artikulyatsiya
mexanizmlari, palatografiya, fonetika, fonologiya, nutqiy odatlar.
1
Intrоduсtiоn
The study of consonant formation is a fundamental aspect of phonetics and
phonology, as consonants play a crucial role in the structure and intelligibility of
spoken language. Despite extensive research, several challenges persist in
establishing universally applicable principles for how consonants are formed
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
31
and categorized across languages. These challenges arise due to the complexity
of articulatory processes, the variability of phonetic environments, and the
influence of language-specific features.
This article explores the general principles that govern consonant
formation, focusing on articulatory mechanisms, distinctive features, and
classification systems. It also addresses the problems and inconsistencies
encountered when attempting to apply these principles across different
linguistic systems. By analyzing both theoretical frameworks and practical
difficulties, the article aims to provide a clearer understanding of the issues
involved in defining and standardizing the principles of consonant formation in
general phonetic theory.
2
Methоds
To investigate the problems associated with the general principles of
consonant formation, this study employs a combination of descriptive,
comparative, and analytical methods. These approaches allow for a
comprehensive examination of consonant articulation across various languages
and phonetic environments.
Descriptive Method
-
This method is used to outline the articulatory
features of consonants, such as place and manner of articulation, voicing, and the
role of airflow. It provides a foundational understanding of how consonants are
produced in different linguistic contexts.
Comparative Method -
By comparing consonant systems from multiple
languages, this method highlights both universal patterns and language-specific
variations. It helps identify inconsistencies in existing classification systems and
challenges the idea of universally fixed principles.
Phonological Analysis
-
This method focuses on the function of consonants
within phonological systems, examining how they contrast and interact with one
another. It reveals how abstract phonological principles can differ from physical
articulation.
Instrumental Phonetics
-
Tools such as spectrography, palatography, and
ultrasound imaging are employed to analyze the precise articulatory and
acoustic properties of consonants. These methods provide objective data that
support or challenge theoretical claims.
Theoretical Framework Evaluation
-
Existing phonetic and phonological
theories, such as distinctive feature theory and articulatory phonology, are
reviewed and assessed in light of empirical findings. This helps to identify gaps
or contradictions in current models of consonant formation.
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
32
3
Results
This article explores the challenges associated with the general principles of
consonant formation in various languages. Consonants are critical components
of phonetics and phonology, influencing the structure and sound systems of
languages. Understanding the problems related to consonant formation can
enhance linguistic theory and improve language learning methodologies.
Consonant formation is a fundamental aspect of phonetics that involves the
articulation and acoustic properties of consonants. While there are established
principles governing consonant formation, various issues arise, including
variability across languages, dialectal differences, and the influence of
surrounding phonetic contexts. This article examines these problems and their
implications for linguistic theory.
4
Disсussiоn
While phonetic theory strives for universal classification and description,
the actual linguistic data reveal a high degree of variability and complexity.
Firstly, the diversity of consonant systems across languages suggests that
no single framework can fully accommodate all articulatory phenomena. For
example, certain languages exhibit rare or unique consonant sounds—such as
clicks, ejectives, or implosives—that challenge traditional models based on more
widely spoken languages. This raises questions about the universality of
established articulatory categories.
Secondly, the influence of context and coarticulation further complicates
consonant classification. Consonants are rarely produced in isolation; instead,
they are shaped by surrounding sounds, speaking rate, and individual speaker
habits. These dynamic features mean that theoretical models must be adaptable
to variations in real speech.
5
Соnсlusiоn
The study of general principles of consonant formation raises important
theoretical and practical issues. While basic phonetic and phonological systems
provide valuable insights into how consonants are produced and classified, real-
world linguistic data often contradict these simplified models. Variation across
languages, contextual influences, overlapping articulatory features, and
limitations of existing theoretical approaches all contribute to the difficulty of
developing universally applicable principles.
Instrumental methods have highlighted the dynamic nature of speech
production and have shown that consonant formation is much more nuanced
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
33
than previously understood. The lack of standardized terminology and
classification systems further complicates cross-linguistic analysis.
References:
1. A.A. Abduazizov. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course, T., 2006
2. A.C. Gimson. An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English. Edward Arnold,
1970
3. Р.Якобсон, Г.Фант, М.Хaлле. Введение в анализ речи. Различительные
признаки и их корреляты. Сб: Новое в лингвистике. М., 1962
4. S.F. Leontyeva. A Theoretical Course of English Phonetics. M., 2002
5. O.I. Dickushina. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course. M., 1965
