SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
68
READING BOOKS - AS A FORM OF SPIRITUAL AND INTELLECTUAL
DEVELOPMENT
Rimma Ramilevna Zamilova
Professor of the Namangan State Pedagogical Institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15760807
Abstract:
The article examines the importance of reading books as an
important aspect of the spiritual and intellectual development of the individual.
Books play a significant role in the formation of value orientations, moral and
ethical standards, which contributes to personal growth and self-knowledge.
In
the modern world, where digital technologies and media play a significant role,
reading books remains an important tool for the spiritual and intellectual
development of the individual, which emphasizes its social significance.
Key words:
reading, spiritual development, personal growth, ethical
standards, values, morality, ethos, pathos, logos, oratory
In modern Uzbekistan, the development of a reading culture among young
people is of particular importance in the context of social and spiritual
modernization. The socio-philosophical basis for studying the reading culture of
young people in New Uzbekistan includes an analysis of the interaction of social
institutions, cultural traditions and educational programs.
Reading culture is the main tool for the socialization of young people, a way
of acquiring values, ideas and norms of modern society. Reading plays a key role
in the development of personality, contributing to the formation of intellectual
and emotional qualities, broadening horizons and raising the cultural level.
Readers are usually sociable and independent in behavior, internally free
and self-critical. These qualities help them adapt to society, lead active social and
professional activities. Reading, general literacy and education are important
conditions for social adaptation and successful integration of young people into
society.
Reading books is one of the most effective and ancient forms of formation
and improvement of the spiritual and intellectual development of the individual.
It helps not only to accumulate knowledge, but also to significantly enrich the
spiritual and intellectual life of a person, and allows the reader to immerse
themselves in the worlds created by the authors and experience their joys and
sufferings together with the heroes. Books enrich the inner world of a person,
contribute to the formation of empathy, develop the ability for introspection and
help find answers to important life questions. Many books also raise the topics
of morality and ethics, which contributes to the formation of value guidelines
and moral principles. The category of "reading culture" is a complex and
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
69
multifaceted phenomenon, studied in a socio-philosophical context in order to
understand its meaning and impact on society and the individual. Assessing the
situations and heroes of the story from the point of view of general ideas about
life, readers are carried away by their favorite thought, often forming it in the
form of categorical aphorisms. A specific phenomenon depicted in a work of art
interests them not in its individual uniqueness, but only as a manifestation of a
general rule, like the laws of life, interest in which is so acute during this period.
In this case, the reader examines the work not from the inside, not being entirely
within its sphere, but from above, comparing it with his own ideas that have
already taken shape.
The culture of reading should be understood as "an integral part of the
general culture of the individual, characterizing the degree of development and
realization of the essential powers of a person, his abilities and talents in
mastering the cultural potential of written texts based on traditional and
innovative information technologies and determining the effectiveness of the
socio-cultural interaction of the individual in the modern information
environment."
Reading as a means of learning new things and thus allowing young people
to quickly adapt to the surrounding society is an important tool for changing a
person's worldview. Reading changes a person, makes him kind, understanding,
sympathetic, humane. It is very important to pay attention to the complex social
and moral relationships of young people among themselves, with themselves
and to society. It is important for young people to improve the culture of literacy,
achieve excellence, and strive for knowledge [1].
According to the scientist M.Khairullaev: “In the treatise “On the Merits of
Sciences and Arts” Al-Farabi emphasizes the infinity of the process of cognition
of nature, understanding the course of cognition as an ascent from ignorance to
knowledge, from cognition of the effect to cognition of the cause [2; P.35]. Al-
Farabi also notes that through reading and studying various sciences and arts,
people can find harmony in life and achieve true happiness. He emphasizes that
the culture of reading contributes to the development of moral values and
strengthening the moral foundations of society. In his view, reading is the most
important tool in raising responsible and educated citizens who are able to
make a significant contribution to the development of society.
In the philosophical aspect, “reading” is considered as a process of cognitive
perception and comprehension of texts. It contributes to the expansion of
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
70
knowledge, the development of critical thinking and the formation of a
worldview.
Reading is one of the fundamental subsystems of culture. If culture as a
whole is a world of communication, then reading as its component is a socio-
cultural communicative system, in which the main task for millennia has been
the existence and reproduction of culture as a system.
Reading also contributes to intellectual development, as it broadens
horizons and increases the volume of knowledge. Scientific and professional
literature helps to master new skills and obtain relevant information in various
fields. Fiction, in turn, develops imagination and creativity. Reading also
improves cognitive functions such as attention, memory and analytical thinking,
which has a positive effect on overall intellectual activity.
Nowadays, for example, the French expression “l'art pour l'art”, “art for
art's sake”, is used, indicating the understanding of art as something
independent and distinct from moral and political considerations. The culture of
reading can be a great art, promoting morality and truth!
Understanding art as copying is related to the idea that man by nature
desires to learn and enjoys learning and sensory perception. For example, a poet
can depict good and evil people, heroes and scoundrels. According to Aristotle,
art for a person who experiences a work of art is good (or an end) in itself. For a
writer, artist or performer, the creative process can also be good in itself. At the
same time, the creative process ends with the creation of a work of art.
Therefore, the creative process is predetermined by an end that is outside the
process itself.
Aristotle in his work "Rhetoric" systematized knowledge about speech and
its structural elements. He identified three main parts of rhetoric: ethos (the
character of the speaker), pathos (the emotions of the audience) and logos
(logical arguments). Aristotle emphasized the importance of matching the style
of speech and the content, arguing that a good speaker should be able to adapt
his speech to the context and audience [3; P. 67]. In his work, Aristotle identifies
the main components of an effective speech and sets out the principles that
speakers should follow to achieve persuasiveness and influence on the audience:
- Ethos (Character of the speaker): Aristotle argues that the ethical
component of speech plays a vital role. The speaker must inspire confidence in
the audience by demonstrating his integrity, wisdom and prudence. The
persuasiveness of a speech largely depends on the audience's perception of the
speaker's character and moral qualities.
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
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- Pathos (Emotional Impact): Aristotle emphasizes that emotions play a key
role in persuasion. The speaker must be able to evoke certain emotional states in
the audience that contribute to the perception of his arguments. This is achieved
through the choice of words, intonation, and the construction of the narrative in
such a way as to touch the feelings of the listeners.
- Logos (Logic and Argumentation): Logical arguments and rational
persuasion occupy a central place in rhetoric. Aristotle systematizes various
types of evidence and methods of logical construction of speech, emphasizing
the importance of clarity, consistency, and validity of arguments to achieve
persuasiveness.
Abu Ali ibn Sina believed that reading books should occupy a central place
in the life of every person. In his opinion, reading is a source of knowledge and
wisdom necessary for spiritual and intellectual development. In his treatise
"Risolai akhloq" ("Treatise on Morality"), he writes: "Let the student himself
speak, and not his memory" [4; P. 23]. Thus, the classical works of great thinkers
embodied pedagogical ideas and instructions. These are the treatises of
Confucius "Conversations and Judgments", Plutarch "On Education", Quintillian
"Oratory Education", Abu Ali ibn Sino "The Book of Healing", "Donishnoma",
"Tadbiru Manozil", "Risolai Akhlok" Averroes (Ibn Rushd) "System of Evidence",
"Montel's Experiments" [5; P.11]. Philosophers emphasized the importance of
reading not only for mental development, but also for the formation of moral
and ethical qualities of the individual, which makes reading a fundamental
element of the spiritual and social life of society. To improve the mind, John
Locke believed it was necessary to determine the range of independently
studied literature. The reading list he recommended is contained in his Thoughts
on What a Gentleman Should Read and Study (1703), which is a kind of
bibliographic supplement to Thoughts on Education [6; p. 117].
The history of reading, presented in the works of such authors as S.R.
Fisher, A. Manguel, G. Cavallo, R. Chartier and L. Polastron, demonstrates the
development of the reading process in dynamics over the centuries. These
researchers emphasize how the forms and methods of reading changed,
adapting to cultural, social and technological changes.
Finally, various philosophical approaches are manifested in the study of the
culture of reading. Following A. Compagnon, we can present a variety of
philosophical interpretations of reading through the prism of the artistic
communication system: author - work - perceiver, and divide them into three
most characteristic groups: "in which the reader is ignored altogether", "in
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
72
which he is taken into account or even brought to the foreground", "in which
literature is identified with reading" [6]. Reading is one of the complex creative
tasks and we see how emotions play the necessary role of a scout here, paving
the way with a complex intellectual action. At the same time, the emotions
themselves gradually, as P. Blonsky accurately noted, become "close to thought"
[7].
During the years of school education, the reader's perception tends to
steadily grow in the area of emotions and attention to the aesthetic form of a
work of art. With "naive realism", the reader's emotions are usually brighter
than verbal definitions of feelings. The culture of reading should be understood
as “an integral part of the general culture of the individual, characterizing the
degree of development and realization of the essential powers of a person, his
abilities and talents for mastering the cultural potential of written texts based on
traditional and innovative information technologies and determining the
effectiveness of the socio-cultural interaction of the individual in the modern
information environment” [8].
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как
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