ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1565
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITTLE CHILDREN'S
MENTION
L.X.Bektursinova
Karakalpak State University named after Berdak
Associate Professor (Phd.) of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology.
N.O.Madaminova
Faculty of Arts, Department of Applied Psychology
4th year student
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11402882
Abstract.
This article is about the child's adaptation to the social environment of the
primary school age and the changes that occur in them.
Key words:
Thinking, child's social adaptation, L. Vgotsky.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ УМНОСТИ МАЛЕНЬКИХ ДЕТЕЙ
Аннотация.
В данной статье речь идет об адаптации детей к социальной среде
младшего школьного возраста и об изменениях, которые в них происходят.
Ключевые слова:
Мышление, социальная адаптация ребенка, Л. Вготский.
Children of junior school age are children from 7 to 12 years old, they are elementary
school students. During these years, important changes occur in a child's life and activities. As a
result, there are significant changes in their psyche. A child's entry into school is a turning point
in his life. As soon as a child enters school and begins to study, the main activity in his life becomes
studying. At school, the child systematically receives news, which is a source of knowledge on
various topics that students are increasing day by day. As a result of the child's systematic
acquisition of knowledge, the scope of his knowledge expands, mental processes develop, and at
the same time, the child's emotional and volitional characteristics begin to develop again. The
educational process at school itself makes new demands on the child's intuition, perception,
thinking, speech and attention.[1]
In this case, the child may face several difficulties in developing his mental activity.
Inability to accept the given tasks and difficulties in the development of the child's cognitive
process may occur. But I believe that if the parent and teacher are always busy with the child, the
child's acceptance will be normal. If they are asked more logical questions in the development of
the thinking process, if they are given methods for finding differences, the child's thinking activity
will develop better.
In addition to the above-mentioned diverse interests, individual interests of young students
begin to emerge. Some students are more interested in painting, while others love music. One of
the important characteristics of a child of primary school age is the presence of specific needs. In
essence, these needs are not limited to acquiring certain knowledge, skills and abilities, but also
reflect the desire to read.[2]
Based on the child's interests, we can develop his thinking and mental activity. First of all,
we can develop the psyche of the child after knowing what he is interested in. For example, a child
has a state of adaptation to different environments. Now the child who went to school does not get
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1566
used to school processes because he is used to the environment in his parents' home or
kindergarten. The social environment is a new environment for the child.
Educational activities provide an opportunity for children of junior school age to meet the
need to achieve certain achievements in learning, as well as to gain a place among their peers. It
is to achieve this position or position that the child tries to study well. Children of this age
constantly compare their achievements with the achievements of their peers. It is extremely
important for them to always be the first. The motive of entering the competition in children during
the junior school period is considered a natural psychological need, and this motive gives them a
strong emotional tension. In fact, these characteristics begin to emerge from the kindergarten
period and are clearly visible during the junior school period, as well as during adolescence [3].
During the junior school period, great changes occur in the child's relationship with other
people. The child's communication should now be focused on a specific goal. In this case, the
teacher constantly has an active influence on him, and on the other hand, it is the influence of the
educational team. The teacher has a good opportunity to influence each student during the lesson.
During the beginning of educational activities, the child's relationship with adults and peers begins
to take a new shape.
The child has a little difficulty in expressing his "I" in relation to others. L.S. Vygotsky
said that the individual behavior of a child is formed only within the collective life and under the
influence of social relations.
The attitude of the teacher directly affects the student's activity. In elementary school,
children accept new requirements and try to follow them with determination. For a child, the
teacher is the main figure that determines his psychological state. Because his attitude towards the
child has a direct impact not only on his attitude in the classroom, but also on his attitude towards
his peers in general, and this attitude directly affects his relationships in the family as well.[4]
Also, these relationships determine the success of his educational activities. The attitude of
the teacher to the child has a direct effect on his relationship with friends and family. It should also
be emphasized that the nature of the new communication has a significant impact on the motives
of the student's education at the junior school age, the development of moral qualities, the
formation of self-esteem, and the level of the child's interests. shows. The success of children's
educational activities and the formation of their personality largely depends on the characteristics
of their relationship with the teacher, the degree to which they understand their position in the
class, and their interaction with the group of students. .
According to psychologists, the laws of psychic and evolutionary development are as
inviolable and universal as physical laws. Cardinal changes in the child's system of social relations
and activities, corresponding to the changes in all systems and functions of his div, require the
child to exert strong pressure and fully use his internal capabilities. These changes in a child who
is ready for school do not bring negative consequences, on the contrary, they help him successfully
adapt to new conditions. The attitude of the teacher has a direct effect on the student's activity.[5]
Children of junior school age are easily distracted, cannot focus on one thing for a long
time, are impressionable and emotional. Cardinal changes in the child's system of social relations
and activities correspond to changes in all systems and functions of the child's div, requiring the
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1567
child to exert strong pressure and fully use his internal capabilities. Changes at this age do not
bring negative consequences, on the contrary, they help him successfully adapt to new conditions.
The attitude of the teacher has a direct effect on the student's activity. There are basically
three forms of student activity at junior school age: physical, mental and social activity. Children
of this age are very active. This physical movement is related to the fact that the child is interested
in the things around him and tries to learn them. A child's physical and mental activity are
interrelated, because a mentally healthy child is active, while a tired, depressed child is not
interested in anything.
A child coming to school for the first time has a number of difficulties. First of all, it is
difficult for them to obey several school rules. The most difficult rule for a primary school student
is to sit quietly during the lesson. Teachers always try to make students sit quietly, but only a
student who is inactive, passive, and has little energy can sit quietly for a long time during the
lesson. It is difficult for a child who comes to school for the first time to fully understand himself
and clearly know his actions. Only a teacher can set standards for a child, evaluate their behavior,
and create conditions for matching their behavior with others. In primary school, students accept
new requirements and conditions set by the teacher, and try to follow their rules. In educational
activities, the child learns to act on the basis of human traditions under the guidance of the teacher,
exercises his will to achieve educational goals. Educational activities require the child to develop
speech, attention, memory, imagination and thinking to the required level, and create new
conditions for the development of the child's behavior. The period of junior school is the period of
transition to conscious and voluntary behavior. It is the period when the child actively learns to
manage himself, to organize his activities according to the set goals. The emergence of new forms
of behavior during the junior school period is directly related to educational activities. No teacher
asks a child who comes to school for the first time to solve arithmetical examples and problems
that he did not teach, but unfortunately, too many teachers ask them to study diligently, to be
organized, responsible, and strictly follow the rules. they demand. However, these skills appear
only after being taught certain habits and skills by the teacher. The ability to act voluntarily is
formed during the entire junior school period. Voluntary actions, like the highest form of mental
activity, are subject to the basic law of their formation. According to him, new behaviors first
appear in common activities with adults, the child learns the possibilities of organizing such
behaviors, and only then it becomes an individual way of behavior of the child.
Adults teach children the rules of how to study, play, go for a walk, and engage in other
things in a practical way. So, in the family, the child occupies a new place where he is counted and
consulted. The junior school period is a period of positive changes and renewal. Therefore, the
level of success achieved by each child at this stage of development is extremely important. If at
this age a child does not feel the joy of knowing and learning, does not acquire reading skills, does
not know how to make friends, does not become a confident child in relation to himself, his
capabilities and abilities, it will be more difficult to do these things in the future. , requires high
mental and physical effort from the child.[6]
By this time, the child has achieved certain results in interaction with others, knows exactly
what he wants and his place in his class and family. A child's imitation can be voluntary or
involuntary. Involuntary imitation leads to mastering the behavior of the teacher and classmates.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1568
In this case, the behavior is acquired unconsciously. It should always be remembered that a child
can involuntarily imitate not only beautiful and desirable things, but also various negative looks
and situations. Voluntary imitation requires volitional effort. In such situations, the child performs
one or another behavior in a goal-oriented manner, tries to adapt these behaviors to a rule, an
example, a standard. The teacher can develop effective social habits and feelings in the child
through the characteristic of voluntary imitability. In any behavior and activity, the teacher
evaluates the child, and the student learns to evaluate himself based on this evaluation.
What has been shown above is that the motivation field of the students during the junior
school period changes, the general knowledge and motives in the preschool period are determined
by the social ignition, and the desire to occupy the position of a student, that is, to go to school,
and after this position is satisfied, a new indicates the emergence of educational motives and
somewhat complex social motives of relations. By the end of the junior school period, students
should have developed learning motives, that is, an interest in acquiring not only new knowledge,
but also not only general laws, but also any ways of finding new knowledge. The formation of
these motives is a necessary aspect of the preparation of children of primary school age for
secondary school.
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