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WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND EQUALITY IN ISLAM
Bozorova Ruzigul Sharofovna
Associate Professor of the Department of History and Philology, Asian International University,
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philosophy.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15028055
Abstract.
The article discusses the issue of women's rights and equality in Islam. Islam
calls for women to be granted equal rights with men, assigning them a specific status and
responsibility. The Quran and Hadith clearly define women's rights to education, work, property
ownership, and participation in social life. Also, the obligations between men and women in family
life are based on the principles of justice. The article analyzes the role of women in Islam from a
philosophical and modern point of view, paying attention to the issue of gender equality.
Keywords:
Islam, woman, gender, law, divorce, marriage, dowry.
ПРАВА И РАВЕНСТВО ЖЕНЩИН В ИСЛАМЕ
Аннотация.
В статье рассматривается вопрос прав и равенства женщин в исламе.
Ислам призывает предоставить женщинам равные права с мужчинами, наделяя их
определенным статусом и ответственностью. Коран и хадисы четко определяют права
женщин на образование, работу, владение имуществом и участие в общественной жизни.
Также обязательства между мужчинами и женщинами в семейной жизни основаны на
принципах справедливости. В статье анализируется роль женщин в исламе с философской
и современной точки зрения, уделяя внимание вопросу гендерного равенства.
Ключевые слова:
ислам, женщина, гендер, закон, развод, брак, приданое.
Women are given great respect and attention in Islam. The Quran and Hadith call for the
protection of women's rights and for treating them fairly and kindly. Islam promotes balance and
justice between men and women in all aspects of life. Women are an integral part of society,
playing an important role in the family, society, and in the development of humanity in general.
With the advent of Islam, women's rights were strengthened, and they were given respect
and attention.
In the history of Islam, many scholars, doctors, writers, and accomplished women have
emerged. For example, the wives of our Prophet, Hazrat Aisha (RA) and Hazrat Khadijah (RA),
were accomplished representatives of Muslim society. The Quran gives women equal rights as
human beings, as expressed in the following statement: "Men have a share of what they earn, and
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
242
women have a share of what they earn" (Surah An-Nisa, verse 32). The Quran also states that men
and women are protectors of each other: "They (women) are a garment for you and you are a
garment for them." (Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 187) This verse shows that husbands and wives
should be complementary and protective of each other.
The role of women in the family has also been affirmed in Islam. Women are the support
of the family and loving mothers. In Islam, the status of mothers is very high and it is obligatory
to respect them. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Paradise is under the feet of
mothers." (An-Nasaa'i) This hadith shows that the role of mothers in raising children is important.
Another hadith shows that the correct formation of relationships in the family is reflected
in another hadith. Our Prophet (peace be upon him) always emphasized treating women well: “The
most perfect of believers in faith is the one with the best character. And the best of you are those
who are best to their women.” (Tirmidhi) The emphasis in this hadith means that a good Muslim
also treats his wife well.
A woman also ensures the strength of the family as a faithful wife. Respecting and valuing
women is also important. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "The best of you are
those who are kind to their wives." (Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah) The right to education is also given to
women. In Islam, seeking knowledge is obligatory for both men and women. Our Prophet (peace
be upon him): "Seeking knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim man and woman." (Ibn
Majah)
In Islam, obtaining the consent of the woman is of great importance and it condemns forced
marriage. Our Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "It is not permissible to give the woman to a
husband until her consent is obtained." (Bukhari) A woman is not forced into a forced marriage
against her will.
Women's rights and equality in Islam
Before the advent of Islam, women were discriminated against and their rights were
ignored. Islam has given them the following rights:
1. The right to inheritance
- The right to inheritance is not directly stated in the Hadiths,
but the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) ordered to follow the rulings of the Quran on
inheritance and advocated justice in the distribution of inheritance. The Quran clearly defines the
distribution of inheritance, and these rulings are also reinforced by the Hadiths.
The distribution of inheritance is described in detail in the Quran in Surah An-Nisa: Women
have the right to inherit from their families. (Surah An-Nisa, verse 7)
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The following basic rules have been confirmed regarding the distribution of inheritance
between sons and daughters. “Allah enjoins upon you a ruling regarding inheritance: To the male
is a share equal to that of two females. But if there are more than two (inheritors), then to them is
two-thirds of what is left. If she is only one, then she shall have half of it.” (Surah An-Nisa, verse
11)
The following statement can be made about the right of husband and wife to inherit: “If
your wives die (without children), then you shall have half of what they leave. If they have
children, then you shall have a fourth of what they leave…” (Surah An-Nisa, verse 12) “If your
husbands die (without children), then you shall have a fourth of what they leave. If they have
children, then you shall have an eighth of what they leave.” (Surah An-Nisa, verse 12):
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Allah has given
each heir his due, so do not be unjust in inheritance.” (Abu Dawud) This hadith confirms that the
inheritance rules in the Quran are not subject to change and that everyone receives their share
fairly. In some societies before Islam, women were not given inheritance. Our Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him) abolished this injustice and confirmed the rights established in the
Quran. Our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever deprives another
of his rights or oppresses another in the distribution of inheritance, his punishment will be the Fire
of Hell on the Day of Resurrection.” (Bukhari) This hadith shows the importance of observing
justice in the distribution of inheritance. The hadiths confirm the Quranic rulings on the
distribution of inheritance and command that they be followed. Islam has also given women the
right to inheritance, and it is strictly forbidden to deprive them of it. Our Prophet (peace be upon
him) called for the proper distribution of inheritance and refraining from eating someone else's
rights in this regard.
2. The right to education
- Women are commanded to seek knowledge. In Islam, women's
education is of great importance and is supported from a religious perspective. The Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) stated: "Seeking knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim
man and woman." (Ibn Majah, Sunan, 224). This hadith shows that women have the right and duty
to seek education along with men. During the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him) - Women
were active in seeking knowledge.
For example, the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him), in particular Aisha (may Allah
be pleased with her), were accomplished scholars in jurisprudence, hadith, and medicine, and
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taught the Companions and later generations of Muslims. In the Middle Ages, women in the
Islamic world engaged in knowledge and studied in madrasas and libraries.
For example, Fatima al-Fihri founded the University of Al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco (one of
the oldest universities in the world). In later centuries, although traditional views limited women's
access to education in some regions, Islam itself did not oppose this. Today, in many Muslim
countries, women's right to education is guaranteed by law and is encouraged in accordance with
Islamic teachings. Many Muslim women also work in Islamic universities and academic
institutions. Islam did not prohibit women from obtaining knowledge, but rather promoted it. The
main issue is that the educational process is in accordance with Islamic values and morals.
3. The right to marriage and divorce
- A woman is not forced into marriage, she has the
right to divorce.
Islam views marriage as a sacred and strong bond. Marriage is not only important for
satisfying personal needs, but also for the stability of society. At the same time, Islam also
recognizes divorce as a vital necessity and allows it under certain conditions.
Islam considers marriage to be a sacred bond that is concluded on the basis of mutual
consent and contract.
Conditions of Marriage:
1.Mutual Consent – Marriage requires the consent of both the man and the woman. Forced
marriage is against Islam.
2.Witnesses to the Marriage – At least two witnesses are required to make the marriage
official.
3.Mahr (bride money) – The man gives the woman a certain amount of material gift (mahr),
which is introduced to guarantee the rights of the woman.
4.Announcement of the Marriage – The marriage should not be secret.
5.Financial and moral responsibility – The man takes on the financial support of the family,
and the woman contributes to maintaining a stable family life. The right to divorce (Talaq). Islam
does not like divorce, but allows it in cases where marriage is not possible. The following can be
mentioned as forms of divorce.
1.Talaq (Divorce by the man)
- If the man wants a divorce, he must pronounce the word “talaq” in a certain manner.
-He has the option of reconciling with her until the iddah (three menstrual periods or three
months) has passed.
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-If he has divorced her three times, she cannot remarry until she marries someone else.
2.Khul’ (Request for divorce by a woman)
-If a woman wants to divorce her husband, she can apply to a court or religious figure,
citing a reason based on Sharia law.
-Sometimes a woman can return the dowry to her husband or come to a financial settlement.
3. Faskh (Islamic court divorce)
-If a man violates a woman’s rights (for example, domestic violence, financial insecurity,
or serious conflict), an Islamic court can annul the marriage.
4.The right to own property –
Women can own and manage their own property
independently. These rights demonstrate the high values that Islam places on women.
This verse means that women have the same rights as men and should not be discriminated
against.
Financial support for women: The man is obliged to provide for her financially during the
waiting period even after divorce.
Child rearing: Children remain primarily with the mother, but their financial support is the
responsibility of the father.
Respect after marriage: Islam recommends that divorced couples treat each other with
respect.
Marriage in Islam should be based on stability and kindness. If divorce is inevitable, it
should be fair and in accordance with the rules of Sharia. Islam does not facilitate divorce, but
regulates it in a way that protects human rights.
Islam commands women to be treated with respect, kindness, and justice. The Quran and
Hadith encourage men to treat women well, respect their rights, and not oppress them.
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