ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
297
THE JADIDIST MOVEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC,
POLITICAL AND CULTURAL LIFE IN TURKESTAN
Esanova Gulnoza Sharof qizi
Master's student at Asian International University.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17568227
Abstract.
This article discusses the historical formation of the Jadid movement and its
socio-political essence, main ideas, the thinking of the Jadids and the relevance of their ideas
today. It also deeply analyzes the return to nature, the path to spirituality, and their significance
in society.
Keywords:
Jadidism, movement, historical formation, socio-political essence, idea,
thought, topicality, return to nature, path to spirituality, society, analysis.
ДЖАДИДСКОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СОЦИАЛЬНО-
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКУЮ, ПОЛИТИЧЕСКУЮ И КУЛЬТУРНУЮ ЖИЗНЬ
ТУРКЕСТАНА
Аннотация.
В статье рассматриваются историческое становление джадидского
движения и его социально-политическая сущность, основные идеи, философия джадидов
и актуальность их идей в настоящее время. Также подробно анализируются возвращение
к природе, путь к духовности и их значение в обществе.
Ключевые слова:
джадидизм, движение, историческое становление, социально-
политическая сущность, идея, мысль, актуальность, возвращение к природе, путь к
духовности, общество, анализ.
The Jadid movement, which emerged in the Turkestan region in the late 19th and early
20th centuries, was one of the most important socio-political and cultural phenomena of its time.
This movement was aimed at liberating the people from ignorance, restoring science and
enlightenment, and national identity through modern reforms. Jadidism took its place in history
not only as an educational renewal, but also as a national awakening movement against colonial
policies.
The Jadid movement laid the foundation for the national awakening, striving for
independence, and building a modern state of the peoples of Turkestan. Their ideas later served
as the basis for the formation of the ideology of national independence. The legacy of the Jadids
still plays an important role in educating the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism,
pursuit of knowledge, and openness to innovation.
The main goal of the spiritual and educational renewal of society is the peace of the
country, the prosperity of the Motherland, the achievement of freedom and well-being of the
people, the upbringing of a perfect person, social cooperation, religious tolerance, and many
other important issues. As we know, many states and dynasties have ruled in history. They left
their own educational and spiritual heritage in a certain way. In particular, after the conquest of
Central Asia by Tsarist Russia, they began to strike at the material and spiritual culture of the
local population.
1
1
Behbudiy M. Tanlangan asarlar. – Toshkent: Fan, 1994.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
298
The study of the activities of the Jadidists to preserve and further enhance the spirituality
and culture of the nation can only be clarified by an objective analysis based on sources and
documents. In this regard, it is worth citing the following thoughts of Islam Karimov: “...we
imagine the future of our state not as a state of self-absorption, but as a state of deep absorption
of universal and democratic values. We see our future in liberalizing the governance of the state
and society, using the experience of developed countries, and in introducing human rights and
freedoms, and the diversity of ideas into our lives more widely. We are for peaceful, free and
prosperous living with the entire enlightened world, the international community, and mutually
beneficial cooperation.”
2
The schools of Ismail Gaspirali's "usuli jadid" (new method) and the slogan "Dilde,
fikrde, ishde birik" (unity in language, thought, and work) played an important role in the
formation of the ideas of Jadidism. Under his influence, the intelligentsia of Turkestan also
began to struggle for the spiritual awakening of their people.
3
Jadids such as Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, Abdulla
Avloniy, Fitrat, Chulpon, Sadriddin Ayniy, Fayzulla Khojayev became the main representatives
of the movement. They worked in the fields of education, press, literature, and politics, serving
to awaken national consciousness.
The term "Jadid" means "new" in Arabic. The Jadids were enlighteners who promoted the
idea of "usuli jadid" - a new method of education. Their main goal was to reform the old
medieval education system, which was based on Sufism and superstition, to introduce secular
subjects into the curriculum, and to elevate the nation through knowledge.
4
One of the most
important directions of the Jadid movement was to raise the culture of the people to a modern
level. They advocated the reform of education and culture as the main way to lift the nation out
of ignorance.
The ideas of Jadidism were initially formed in the regions of Tatarstan, Crimea and
Bukhara, and later entered Turkestan. Scholars such as Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Munavvarqori
Abdurashidkhanov, Abdulla Avloniy, Ismail Gaspirali, Fitrat, and Chulpon are considered to be
the leading representatives of this movement. Ismail Gaspirali's slogan "Unity of language, unity
of thought, unity of work" called for the awakening of all Muslim peoples. In Turkestan,
Behbudiy and his comrades developed these ideas in accordance with local conditions.
5
The Jadids considered economic independence to be the basis of national development.
They criticized the colonial policies that hindered the development of trade, crafts, and
industry in the country. The Jadid press widely covered the issues of economic independence, the
establishment of its own production sectors, and the formation of national capital.
Also, through Jadid schools, the literacy rate increased, as a result of which new
specialists, teachers and intellectuals were formed. This also paved the way for the introduction
of modern approaches in economic activity.
Jadids widely used the press and mass media to disseminate their ideas among the people.
2
Karimov I.A. Yuksak ma’naviyat yengilmas kuch. – T., Ma’naviyat, 2008. – B. 125.
3
Abdurashidov M. Jadidchilik harakati tarixi. – Toshkent: Fan, 2003.
4
Saidov A. Jadidchilik harakati tarixi. – Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 2015.
5
To‘raqulov S. Jadidchilik va milliy uyg‘onish g‘oyalari. – Toshkent: Ma’naviyat, 2015.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
299
Starting from 1906, newspapers such as "Taraqqiy", "Sadoi Turkiston", "Shuhrat",
"Hurriyat" began to be published in Turkestan.
Through these publications:
• modern thinking, ideas of national identity and enlightenment were promoted;
• the people were urged not to be indifferent to political and cultural issues;
• issues of reforms, women's education, child rearing, and national unity were covered.
Politically, the Jadids promoted the ideas of national identity and self-government. They
criticized the colonial policies of the Russian Empire and emphasized that the Turkestan region
should have its own local government bodies.
After the February Revolution of 1917, the Jadids actively entered the political arena and
established organizations such as "Shuro-i Islamiya", "Turon", "Ittifoqi Muslimin". As a result of
these actions, the autonomy of Kokand was declared in December 1917. The idea of autonomy
was the highest political expression of Jadidism, reflecting the desire for freedom of the peoples
of Turkestan.
6
The Jadids also made fundamental changes in the field of culture and spirituality. They
changed the worldview of the people by establishing new schools, theaters, newspapers and
magazines. In 1906, Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy published the newspaper "Samarkand", and later
the magazine "Oyna". Abdulla Avloniy founded the "Turon" theater troupe, laying the foundation
for Uzbek dramaturgy.
7
The works of the Jadids extensively covered issues of the future of the nation, education,
women's rights, morality, and culture. As a result of this activity, Uzbek literature, theater, and
the press reached a new level.
The Jadid movement marked the beginning of a period of national revival in the history
of Turkestan. It had a profound impact on all aspects of social, economic, political and cultural
life. Thanks to the activities of the Jadids, the awareness of national identity, the desire for
enlightenment and development among the people increased. The Jadid movement played an
invaluable role in the awareness of the national identity of the peoples of Turkestan, the
formation of modern education, culture and political thinking. In a short period of time, they led
the people towards science, enlightenment, freedom and development.
The Jadid movement was a turning point in the political and cultural awakening of the
peoples of Turkestan. Its historical significance is reflected in the following:
1. Formed the idea of national consciousness and self-awareness.
2. Created the basis of a modern education system.
3. Promoted the issue of women's rights and education.
4. Developed the national press and literature.
5. Instilled the idea of freedom and independence in the minds of the people.
This legacy of Jadidism later served as the ideological basis for the independence of
Uzbekistan. After independence, their names were restored, their works were studied, and their
activities became an integral part of the national pride and spirituality of our people.
8
6
Fitrat A. Milliy uyg‘onish yo‘lida. – Toshkent: O‘zbekiston, 1991.
7
Avloniy A. Turkiy guliston yoxud axloq. – Toshkent: Ma’naviyat, 1992.
8
Sodiqov Q. O‘zbekiston jadidlari: taqdir va meros. – Toshkent: Yangi asr avlodi, 2020.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
300
The Jadid movement marked the beginning of a period of national revival in the history
of Turkestan. It had a profound impact on all aspects of social, economic, political and cultural
life. Thanks to the activities of the Jadids, the awareness of national identity, the desire for
enlightenment and development among the people increased. The Jadid movement played an
invaluable role in the awareness of the national identity of the peoples of Turkestan, the
formation of modern education, culture and political thinking. In a short period of time, they led
the people towards science, enlightenment, freedom and development.
The legacy of the Jadids plays an important role in the ideas of national revival,
educational reforms and spiritual revival of today's independent Uzbekistan. Their principle of
"service to the people" has not lost its significance today. The Jadid movement marked a new
stage in the history of the peoples of Turkestan. It not only reformed the education system, but
also formed the ideas of national identity, political independence, social justice, and cultural
renewal. The Jadids, through their activities, became the founders of the modern Uzbek national
consciousness. Today, the legacy of Jadidism plays an important role in the spiritual life of
independent Uzbekistan, in the education system, and in the process of restoring national
identity. The ideas of the Jadids are the spiritual roots of modern reforms.
References
1.
Karimov I.A. Yuksak ma’naviyat – yengilmas kuch. – Toshkent: Ma’naviyat, 2008.
2.
Behbudiy M. Tanlangan asarlar. – Toshkent: Fan, 1994.
3.
Avloniy A. Turkiy guliston yoxud axloq. – Toshkent: Ma’naviyat, 1992.
4.
Fitrat A. Milliy uyg‘onish yo‘lida. – Toshkent: O‘zbekiston, 1991.
5.
Saidov A. Jadidchilik harakati tarixi. – Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 2015.
6.
Abdurashidov M. Jadidchilik harakati tarixi. – Toshkent: Fan, 2003.
7.
Sodiqov Q. O‘zbekiston jadidlari: taqdir va meros. – Toshkent: Yangi asr avlodi, 2020.
