No. 1 (2022) Uzbekistan: language and culture. literary criticism

The article analyzes the details of the deaths of the heroes of the epics "Farhod and Shirin" and "Layli and Majnun" in Alisher Navoi's "Khamsa". In the epics, heroesFarhod and Shirin, the cause of death of Layli and Majnun are explained. It has also been proven that many students' misconceptions that "these heroes killed themselves" are wrong, and that the suicide of these heroes is completely contrary to Navoi's moral and religious views. The fact that the deaths of these heroes took place quite naturally, by themselves, without revealing any cause, is shown by the examples taken from the epics. It is said that even in the most desperate moments of one's life, one should not commit suicide, but accept one's destiny and pray to the Creator in accordance with the etiquette of prayer.

In this article, the lyrical poems of the poet of the Khorezm literary environment Muhammad Hasan Mutrib Haji Tabib’s son (1853 - 1923) are studied from the textual point of view. Published poems of the poet whichare kept in the fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan , manuscripts under the numbers 903/IV, 906/VII, manuscript number 12561 by Laffasi and Matnazar Pirnazarov's “Mutrib Khonakharobi (Risola complex)”, Bolta Davlatov's poems published by “Khorezm Haqiqati” newspaper (July 20, 1991), Gulistan Magazine (July 7, 1974), poems published by Polvonnazir Bobojonov (Laffasiy. Tazkirayi shuaro. 1992) were studied comparatively.
The differences identified by a comparative study of the Mutrib devoni manuscript with the current spelling edition were scientifically classified and analyzed. Relative analysis has shown that the making of excellent editions of Mutrib's devon is one of the most important tasks in the field of textology.

The article discusses the life and career of Siddiqi Ajzi, an enlightened writer and educator who lived and worked in the second half of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century, which was extremely difficult and controversial for the peoples of Turkestan. Comments on the selflessness, perseverance and hard work of this writer in the development of the enlightenment of our people, the development of social consciousness. The article also comments on almost all the work done in the nearly one hundred years since Siddiqi-Ajzi's death to study the writer's life and work. Their strengths and weaknesses are analyzed. Siddiqui-Ajzi was one of the most active representatives of the social, cultural, intellectual and national revival movement in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.

Poets of the Kokand literary environment wrote in various genres and themes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The artists of this period enriched the treasury of our classical literature with their unique lyrical works. Husaynquli Sulaymonquli oglu Muhsini (1860-1917) is one of such talented poets who lived and worked in Kokand.
In this article, Husseinquli Muhsini's poems, which are included in the edition of the collection of lyrical heritage and manuscripts, are classified according to the scope of the topic. The poet's poems were found and analyzed on romantic, religious-mystical, enlightenment, moral-philo-sophical and social themes. There are also scientific and theoretical views on the genre features of the poet's poetry. It explores how the traditions of classical poetry continued in the poet’s work and how his works reflected the changes in the social life of the period.

The great poets have used various poetic arts effectively and skill-
fully to enrich the content of their works of art. This made the work artisti-
cally clear, stylistically fluent, and attractive in form.
This article is about the role of art in the work of Abdulaziz Majzub
Namangani, a representative of the Namangan literary community and one of the representatives of the Naqshbandi sect. There are two types of art in the works of the artist: the use of verbal and spiritual arts, and they are given beautiful evidence.
Spiritual arts are artistic means related to the meaning of an indi- vidual word or an entire verse in a byte, and their number, according to Atoullah Husseini’s Badoyi’u-s-sanoyi, is more than fifty. Rhetoric, allegory, parable, beautiful analysis, tajahuli orifona, diagnosis, talmih, laff and publication, ruju, istiora, satire, parable, tazad, tanosub and others are the most popular of the spiritual arts.
Vocabulary is based on the pronunciation and spelling of a byte or some of the words in it, takrir, mukarrar, kitabat, talmi ', history, more than fifty examples of verbal art are given.

The article provides a gradual presentation of the historical works that led to the artistically perfect depiction of the epic horse in the epics. The place of the horse in the history of the Turkic peoples, the confessions of historians in this regard, the findings of the horse in ancient manuscript sources, in short, the ideology of the Turkic peoples is compared with the image of a war horse in the epics.
As characteristic of the war horses described in folk epics, they appear to be the most perfect of the natural horses, as well as the horse features expressed in mythological and totemistic beliefs. In this respect it was understood that the war horses in the epics must be directly or indi- rectly dependent on water horses and celestial horses in order to be true tulpars.
In this article, we will take a closer look at the natural, religious beliefs and views that underlie the creation of the epic horse image in folk epics.
The article also includes “nomadic mavaniyer”, “animal-mother” traditions and beliefs, “Devonu lug'otut-turk” and commentary on Turkish words related to the horse, analysis of the image of the horse in the Karvash folk epics and interpretations took place.

The article discusses the importance of the title in the structure of a work of art.The title of the work emphasizes the manifestation of the author’s ideological and aesthetic views. The integrity of the semantic pointsallows you to clearly express the essence, increases the aesthetic power of the work. The integrity of the semantic points allows you to clearly express the essence, increases the aesthetic power of the work. With the name of the element in nature, the simbolizm in the title increases. An artist entering into an artistic dialogue must not only convey certain information and novelty to the reader, but also encourage him to a creative approach.
The first semiotic center in the content is the title, which contains the author's idea, concept. The title is a preface to the first impression, the dialogue between the author and the reader. Assessing the essence, talent, and creative intent of artists begins at this point. Stories such as "Let's go to the mountains", "Rocks also cry", "The coast of Happiness" are strengthened by the name of the place. The image of the place not only gives aes- thetic pleasure, but also points to the main event, the key related to this place.
The first sentence is the beginning of the dialogue, the unseen meeting of the character and the reader, an important sign of the compositional level. The next situation and condition is the prelude to dialogues and monologues. The subject, the first impression of the conflicts are the process of moving to the next level, the acceleration of activity. In the story, the epigraph is important to generalize the poetic content, to read the artistic intention. The author increases the ideological, emotional weight byinserting the necessary extract (such as a poem, a saying, proverb, hadith)on the subject covered. It draws attention by the fact that it has the main meaning in itself, justifies the state of the character.

The article discusses the main theoretical approaches in ethnic society in the study of conflict situations that have arisen with the formation of a new post-Soviet space. What conceptual weaknesses or, conversely, heuristic possibilities of these approaches are reflected in the study of specific cases of tension, sometimes referred to as ethno political conflicts as a result of the threat of force or overt use of violence. This issue is of great methodological importance, especially for the study of phenomena such as ethnic discrimination and the settlement of emerging conflicts. The method of expert research is a system of logical or instrumental operations used in the study of its objects to determine the factual information relevant to the subject of forensic examination. Methodology of expert research is a system of methods used in the study of its objects to determine the factual information relevant to the subject of forensic examination.

The image-experience is the basis of the lyrics. In turn, this experience cannot be a direct goal for artistic expression, it reflects certain moods that have arisen in certain situations and summarizes them. Based on the creative ability of the creator, it undergoes a number of qualitative changes, or it is born completely anew and comes to the world from the world of imagination, perfected to a sufficient level of fascination. In order to create a poetic image, researching the figurative meaning of the word in relation to its original meaning, the unknown and even extraordinary signs in relation to its known and ordinary signs, using the word with as many new facets and new glosses as possible, chameleon It is recommended to describe it in the form. Giving such a special meaning and appearance to the word creates imagery. After all, imagery is an important condition of lyrics, and as long as any experience is not formed into an image, the poem will not differ from a simple statement. The article talks about image and figurativeness on the example of Abdulla Oripov's poetry.