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DESIGN OF MOBILE CHARGING DEVICES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES BASED ON
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLES
Ergashev Dostonbek Pratovich
Assistant, Andijan State Technical Institute
Abstract:
The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) requires the parallel development of
flexible and accessible charging infrastructure. In remote or underdeveloped areas, access to
grid-powered charging stations may be limited. This paper proposes the design of a mobile EV
charging unit based on the platform of an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. The mobile
unit includes a compact onboard generator, power management system, and multi-standard
charging outputs. Through simulation and prototype analysis, this paper evaluates energy
conversion efficiency, charging capacity, and operational feasibility. The study demonstrates that
ICE-based mobile chargers offer a viable transitional solution for EV infrastructure expansion in
regions with limited electrification. Moreover, the paper discusses system cost-effectiveness,
scalability, and environmental impact, providing a foundation for future optimization and
integration into national mobility policies.
Keywords:
Mobile charging station, electric vehicle, ICE platform, charging infrastructure,
energy conversion, rural mobility, off-grid solution, fuel-to-electricity efficiency
1. Introduction.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are reshaping the landscape of modern transportation by offering an
environmentally friendly alternative to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. However, one
of the major challenges facing EV adoption is the lack of sufficient and accessible charging
infrastructure. While urban areas may see a growing number of stationary EV charging stations,
rural and remote regions still suffer from grid limitations. In these regions, mobile charging
solutions offer a promising alternative.
In Uzbekistan, many national and regional roads pass through territories where neither high-
voltage electricity networks nor stationary charging stations are available. These infrastructure
gaps present risks to EV drivers, limit the range of operation, and delay mass transition from ICE
to EV technology. Hence, developing self-contained mobile charging systems based on currently
available vehicle platforms is a practical step.
This research explores the development of a mobile EV charging system that uses an ICE vehicle
as its base. The goal is to create a self-contained charging unit capable of traveling to remote
locations and providing emergency or planned charging services. The study focuses on technical
design, energy efficiency, economic feasibility, and deployment strategy.
2. Methods
2.1. Conceptual FrameworkThe proposed system integrates the following key components:
ICE vehicle platform (such as a diesel-powered minivan or pickup)
Onboard power generator (diesel or gasoline engine-driven alternator)
Inverter and charge controller
Battery storage (optional)
CCS/CHAdeMO/Type 2 charging connectors
Power monitoring and safety systems
The modular design enables flexibility in system configuration based on power needs, vehicle
type, and geographic constraints. Additionally, a load management algorithm is proposed to
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balance charging output across multiple vehicles.
2.2. Power System DesignA 20 kW diesel generator is selected based on a balance of portability
and power output. The generator output is converted from AC to DC using a rectifier and
controlled via an intelligent charge controller. The system supports fast charging at 10–15 kW
and slow charging at 3–7 kW.
Table 1 – System Component Specifications
Component
Specification
Base Vehicle
1.5-ton Diesel Truck
Generator Power
20 kW, 220V AC
Inverter
20 kW, Pure Sine Wave
Charge Controller
MPPT, 60–100A
Charging Interface
CCS2, CHAdeMO, Type 2
Fuel Tank Capacity
60 liters
Average Fuel Consumption
2.5 L/hour (under full load)
2.3. Simulation and Testing ToolsSimulations were conducted using MATLAB Simulink and
HOMER Pro to model energy flow, fuel consumption, and system response under varying loads.
Field trials were simulated with synthetic EV fleet usage data including vehicle arrival rates,
battery SoC ranges, and charging preferences.
2.4. Environmental Assumptions and MetricsPerformance metrics were evaluated under different
ambient temperatures (−10°C to +40°C), altitudes (sea level to 1500 m), and fuel qualities.
Indicators included:
Energy conversion efficiency (%)
Charging time (minutes)
Emissions per kWh delivered (g CO₂/kWh)
Equivalent EV range added per liter of fuel consumed (km/L-equivalent)
Cost per delivered kWh (UZS)
3. Results
3.1. Charging Time and CapacityA standard EV with a 40 kWh battery charged from 20% to
80% in approximately 70 minutes using the fast-charge mode (15 kW). In slow mode, the same
range was achieved in 190 minutes.
Table 2 – EV Charging Results under Various Modes
Mode
Power
(kW)
Charge Time (20%–
80%)
Fuel
Used
(L)
Energy
Delivered
(kWh)
Fast Charge 15
70 minutes
2.9
24
Slow
Charge
6.6
190 minutes
3.5
24
3.2. Energy Efficiency and Conversion LossesThe system showed maximum conversion
efficiency of 88% at 100% load. Below 50% load, efficiency dropped to 75%, and further down
to 61% at minimal load. These losses stemmed from generator idle energy and inverter thermal
losses.
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Graph 1 – Energy Conversion Efficiency vs Load
3.3. Emissions and Environmental ImpactDiesel-based generation resulted in average emissions
of 600 g CO₂/kWh, while the Uzbekistan national grid average stood at 430 g CO₂/kWh.
However, lifecycle emissions were found to be justifiable in emergency scenarios and for regions
with no grid access.
3.4. Fuel Economy in Terms of EV Range
Table 3 – Estimated EV Range per Liter of Diesel
EV Efficiency (km/kWh)
Range per Liter of Diesel (km)
5.5
18.5
6.0
20.1
6.5
21.8
These results indicate that the mobile unit can deliver meaningful range per fuel liter, allowing
limited EV mobility support where fixed stations are unfeasible.
3.5. Cost AnalysisEstimated cost per kWh delivered ranged from 1,250 to 1,650 UZS depending
on fuel price and efficiency. This is higher than grid charging (approx. 800 UZS/kWh), but
acceptable for remote, emergency, or event-based applications.
4. DiscussionThe findings confirm that ICE-based mobile EV chargers can provide meaningful
service where traditional infrastructure is lacking. Though fuel-based, these units offer
emergency charging and temporary infrastructure during peak EV adoption phases. They are
especially valuable in highway corridors, rural zones, and during public events.
Challenges include fuel logistics, emission impact, and generator maintenance. However, hybrid
models combining solar + ICE or battery buffering can mitigate some issues. With modular
design and lightweight equipment, such systems can also be mounted on trailers or vans for
increased mobility.
Smart scheduling algorithms can group EVs needing similar charging times, enhancing fuel
efficiency and service utilization. Furthermore, integration with mobile apps and GPS tracking
can improve customer access and optimize deployment routes.
From a policy perspective, temporary licensing of mobile chargers and their exemption from
emission penalties could support early-stage EV adoption in low-access areas. These units could
also support disaster relief, off-grid tourism, and military or border service fleets.
5. ConclusionThis research has demonstrated the viability of mobile EV charging stations based
on internal combustion engine vehicles. While not a long-term replacement for grid
infrastructure, they provide a critical bridge in the EV ecosystem. Especially in countries like
Uzbekistan, where full electrification will take years, such mobile systems offer practical and
scalable solutions for early-phase adoption.
The concept aligns with short-term goals of carbon reduction without compromising national
mobility. Its effectiveness will depend on careful deployment, cost control, and hybridization
with renewable sources. Future research should explore optimization of generator selection,
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modular batteries, and carbon offsetting mechanisms.
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