No. 5 (2025) Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations

 New tasks and needs facing educational institutions require improving the quality of education and upbringing provided to students, its further development and raising to a higher level. The success of each lesson largely depends on the proper organization of the lesson. The article provides information on the forms of organizing education, methods used in the lesson and educational technology.

The paper examines the main stages of KPI implementation, methodological approaches to their development, as well as practical aspects of integrating indicators into business processes. The phased implementation of the KPI system helps improve management efficiency and achieve the company's strategic goals. 

 Idioms represent a culturally embedded aspect of language that carries figurative meanings often untranslatable by direct lexical equivalents. This paper explores the comparative nature of idiomatic expressions in English and Uzbek, emphasizing challenges that arise during translation and interpretation. The study draws on idiomatic corpora, linguistic theory, and practical examples to highlight semantic shifts, cultural gaps, and pragmatic mismatches between the two languages. It also proposes strategies for achieving functional equivalence in translation and discusses the implications for interpreters, translators, and language learners in multilingual contexts.

This scientific thesis thoroughly examines the pathological changes induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in the gastric mucosa, including their clinical manifestations, morphological stages, and its role in the development of gastric cancer. Modern diagnostic methods—both invasive and non-invasive—are discussed in detail, alongside effective treatment strategies such as bismuth-based quadruple therapy, combination antibiotic regimens, and adjunctive probiotic use. The scientific and practical relevance of this work lies in the fact that early detection and treatment of H. pylori infection play a crucial role in preventing gastric cancer among the population.

This thesis talks about the causes of treatment,origin of stomatitis, which is common in our daily lives. Stomatitis is most often caused by a violation of the integrity of the oral mucosa. Given the occurrence of stomatitis in the oral cavity, it is usually diagnosed by a dentist. But if the causes of this condition are not clear, we will cite the possibility that the dentist will send to a general practitioner or therapist.

 In this article, the relationship between the individual and the state, man and society takes on a new meaning and form, develops on the basis of new features, new tendencies, and at the same time the sense of citizenship helps the individual to assimilate the spiritual ideals of society. It is worth noting that the sense of citizenship is an important and fundamental factor for the functioning of the spiritual ideal as a person in the moral environment of society, and the influence of the formation of the spiritual ideal is also indicated by the opinions of Russian scientists G.Andreev, V.A.Yadov and Uzbek scientist researcher M.Kakhxarov.

This article analyzes the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in medicine, particularly their effectiveness in diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Based on globally recognized scientific studies and literature, the capabilities, advantages, and challenges of AI are presented. The impact of AI on medical ethics and its future prospects are also discussed.

This study explores the morphological and morphometric changes in the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) of laboratory rats subjected to chronic exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). A total of 30 Wistar rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was exposed to a 0.2 ppm gas mixture for 6 hours daily over 90 days. Histological and morphometric analyses revealed substantial degenerative, inflammatory, and atrophic alterations in the salivary glands of exposed animals. Quantitative measurements showed significant reductions in acinar diameter, nuclear volume, capillary density, and the number of secretory cells. These findings suggest that prolonged inhalation of NO₂ and SO₂ compromises glandular structure and function, highlighting the critical need for environmental pollution control strategies.

This article analyzes the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in medicine, particularly their effectiveness in diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Based on globally recognized scientific studies and literature, the capabilities, advantages, and challenges of AI are presented. The impact of AI on medical ethics and its future prospects are also discussed.

This article analyzes Muhammadrizo Ogahiy’s poetic riddles (muammas) solved by applying the method of intiqod, one of the rules used in classical poetics to decipher hidden words. Special attention is given to the role of the intiqod method in classical Eastern poetry and its artistic functions. The study highlights how Ogahiy skillfully employs this technique, reflecting both his poetic talent and aesthetic sensitivity.

Due to the geographical location of our country, the probability of occurrence of hydrometeorological emergencies remains very high. In particular, analyses show that the occurrence of mudflows and floods is increasing from year to year. This causes economic losses to the population and its material and spiritual wealth as a result of floods. In turn, this indicates the urgency of preparing the population for appropriate action in emergency situations associated with mudflows and floods.

Proverbs are often viewed as fixed, culturally bound expressions of wisdom, but their true communicative power lies in how they are used—contextually, strategically, and pragmatically. This study explores how understanding the pragmatic dimensions of proverbs can deepen our appreciation of their subtlety and nuance. Drawing on 30 instances of proverb use from political speeches, online forums, and televised interviews, the study applies a discourse-analytic approach grounded in pragmatic theory, including speech act theory, Grice’s cooperative principle, and politeness strategies. Findings reveal that proverbs function primarily as indirect speech acts, often serving to advise, warn, critique, or maintain social harmony. Their meaning shifts across discourse types, and their effectiveness depends on context, speaker intent, and listener inference. In many cases, proverbs are employed to mitigate face-threatening acts or to frame ideological arguments in non-confrontational ways. The study also highlights emerging patterns of creative proverb use in digital discourse, suggesting their continued evolution and adaptability. These findings underscore the importance of teaching proverbs not as static phrases but as dynamic tools of interaction, especially in second language education and intercultural communication. Understanding how proverbs work pragmatically can enrich learners’ communicative competence and foster deeper cross-cultural sensitivity.

 This article provides information about TORCH infection and its pathogens. This condition has long been regarded as a serious health concern among many countries. TORCH refers to a group of infections including CMV, cCMV, hepatitis viruses, HIV, and herpes viruses. Every year, a significant number of newborns and mothers suffer from complications caused by TORCH infections. The article focuses particularly on protection, early diagnosis, and clinical management of these infections. In many cases, TORCH infections may remain asymptomatic in women until pregnancy, when they may begin to manifest symptoms.

This article analyzes the main clinical presentations of epilepsy, the methods used for its diagnosis, and modern treatment strategies. Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures. Through early detection and modern therapeutic approaches, patients’ quality of life can be significantly improved.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the threat of disinformation in the digital information space and its impact on professional journalism. The spread of fake news through social networks and artificial intelligence-based technologies, the mechanisms of this process and the negative consequences it brings to journalism are highlighted. The experience of international organizations such as the European Union, UNESCO, OSCE, RSF, and practical solutions of large media outlets justify the need for fact-checking, media literacy, and legal regulation.

Nootropic activity of indole flavonoids, including pyrazolone and pyrazolone chloride, during the action of stimuli causing sleep and fear induced by alcohol was studied using the Sonberg method. In this study, pyrazoline and pyrazoline chloride reduced sleep time by increasing the sleep time induced by alcohol, while in the Sonberg method, the excretion of urine and feces in experimental animals was reduced under the influence of noise and external factors. This suggests that the studied substances have a calming effect.

This paper explores how gender influences the use of language in digital communication within the Uzbek context, focusing on social media platforms. Drawing upon the works of Khudayberdieva (2025), Abdullazoda (2025), Wei & Kolko (2005), Saidjonovna (2024), and Pulatova (2025), the study investigates patterns of politeness, slang usage, emotional expression, and identity performance in online discourse among Uzbek men and women. The research reveals that female users tend to employ more polite and emotionally expressive language, frequently using emojis and softening particles, while male users are more inclined toward assertive, humorous, and sometimes aggressive slang. Additionally, gendered strategies in meme sharing, comment threads, and personal posts reflect broader cultural expectations and digital identity construction. The study demonstrates that digital communication in Uzbekistan is a dynamic intersection of language, gender roles, and sociocultural values.

Crowdfunding in Uzbekistan is emerging as an innovative alternative to traditional financing methods, particularly for startups, social enterprises, and creative projects. This article explores the current trends, challenges, and future prospects of crowdfunding in the country. Digitalization, youth engagement, and diaspora support are key drivers of this development, while regulatory gaps and limited financial infrastructure remain obstacles. The study highlights how crowdfunding can empower entrepreneurship, strengthen civil society, and foster inclusive economic growth in Uzbekistan, provided that adequate legal frameworks, digital tools, and public awareness initiatives are established and supported.

 General and abdominal surgery form a fundamental component of modern clinical practice, addressing a wide range of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and abdominal wall disorders. Over the past two decades, technological progress and the introduction of minimally invasive and robotic-assisted techniques have significantly transformed surgical approaches. This study aims to evaluate the most recent developments in general and abdominal surgery, focusing on the effectiveness of minimally invasive procedures, enhanced recovery protocols, and current limitations faced in clinical implementation. A narrative review of seventy-five peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2024 was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Comparative analysis demonstrated that laparoscopic and robotic surgeries are associated with a marked reduction in postoperative pain, hospital stay, and complication rates compared to traditional open procedures. The introduction of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways has further improved perioperative outcomes, although challenges related to cost, accessibility, and the steep learning curve of advanced surgical techniques remain. The findings highlight the necessity of continued research to integrate innovative technologies and optimize patient-centered surgical care.

This article analyzes the effectiveness of an integrative approach to developing professional competence in medical education based on the ACL (Activity-Competence-Learning) model. It highlights the formation of students' competencies in practical clinical thinking, diagnostics, decision-making, and professional self-development within the context of teaching infectious diseases.

This article examines the specific aspects of applying the VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) model in teaching the subject of infectious diseases in medical education. It provides a scientific basis for integratiung sensory-based learning modalities to enhance students' clinical reasoning, diagnostic thinking, and practical decision-making skills.

This article explores the pedagogical potential of the Diagnostic Divergence (DD) model as a tool for developing diagnostic competence among medical students. The DD model emphasizes the process of comparing and contrasting multiple differential diagnoses through critical analysis of clinical presentations.

This article explores the liberalization of criminal punishments, focusing on its objectives and the outcomes of offender retraining and reintegration. The study analyzes national and comparative international practices, including legal, social, and pedagogical dimensions. While upholding the principle of punishment inevitability, the article emphasizes humane execution and the offender's reintegration into society as primary goals.

This article provides skills for forming creative and critical thinking of primary school students. It also provides instructions for working with the tasks and the role of the PIRLS program in developing students' creative and logical thinking

This article explores stress management strategies among educators working with children with special needs. It examines common stressors in special education environments and presents practical methods used by teachers to cope with emotional and physical challenges. Drawing from contemporary psychological research and practical experiences, the article highlights the importance of institutional support, self-regulation techniques, and peer collaboration in maintaining emotional well-being. The findings emphasize that sustainable stress management is crucial not only for educators' mental health but also for improving learning outcomes for children with disabilities.