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CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF NUMBERS
Isakov Zakirjon Solievich
Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate
Professor of Kokand State University
Abstract:
In this thesis, the literature on number series presents the type of "fractional number"
as a meaningful type of number, and we have tried to explain this situation with some
considerations, calling it a type of number according to its use .
Key words:
quantitative number, counting number, unit number, cumulative number,
approximate number, distribution number, ordinal number, whole number, fractional number,
fractional number, mixed number, lexical form builder.
Annotation:
In this diploma work, the type "small number" is represented as a number of
semantic types and a number of groups in the literature.
Key words:
numerical number, mixed number, simple number, cumulative number, odd number,
dividing number, ordinal number, whole number, small number, small number, mixed number,
post-constructed lexical form.
Abstract:
In this thesis, the type "fractional number" is presented as semantic types of numbers
in the literature on the group of numbers.
Keywords:
numerical number, counting number, prime number, cumulative number, even
number, dividing number, ordinal number, integer, fractional number, fractional number, mixed
number, lexical form builder.
An independent word group that expresses the quantity, number, and order of an object, and that
is mainly a determiner in a sentence, is called a number [3,33] . The following specific
morphological and syntactic features distinguish the number from other categories:
1. Son is not formed from other word groups, it does not have forming affixes. Nouns, adjectives,
verbs, adverbs, pronouns can be formed from son: 1) noun:
single,
quadrilateral
; triangle,
quadrilateral
, seven-seven, octagonal.
2) adjective:
second, fifth, third,
quadrilateral
; hypocrite,
forty-seven, five-seven.
3) verb:
to unite, to unite, to hesitate;
4) adverbs:
one by one, two by two,
one day, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one.
5) pronoun:
one person, one thing, one
thing
.
are formed by adding its own special affixes – lexical form-formers:
-(i)nchi, -ta, -tacha, -lab, -
tadan, -lar, -larcha, -ov/-ovlon, -ala : two, one hundred, five hundred, ten thousand, seven
hundred.
These form-formers do not belong to any word groups at all. cannot be added.
3. The number itself does not accept modifying affixes (except when it denotes a noun), it does
not take an adjective, but rather, it itself becomes an adjective of the noun:
The second faithful
student repeated the questions.
4. When it comes to using a number and an adjective as determiners, the number comes first,
then the adjective:
three a ' loch students, five advanced pickers.
5. When the number denotes the name of the concept of quantity and becomes a noun, it accepts
accusative and possessive affixes, and comes in the syntactic functions performed by the noun:
Fifteen is divided into three without a decimal
.
We will celebrate on the eighth.
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6. Numbers have the property of being transferred to nouns (
ceremonial
nouns such as
seven,
forty, twenty, ninety
-
nine
) .
7 . Counting words - numeratives - are also used to determine the quantity of a number from
various angles :
kilo, meter, grain, handful, head, bucket.
8 . The number represents a definite quantity (
five books
) and an indefinite quantity (
five-six).
book
). In both cases, numbers are represented in writing by numerals, but words that indicate
indefinite quantities of objects, such as
few, many, and plenty,
cannot be represented by numerals.
Numbers are indicated by letters or by Arabic and Roman numerals.
most of the numbers are Turkic, the syllable structure is: vc, cv, cvc, cvcc (
million, billion
are
French,
trillion
are Latin ) .
There are various classifications in the literature regarding the semantic types of numbers, and
these classifications are considered valuable because they have their own scientific basis, and we
will focus on this issue below. In most literature, numbers are initially divided into two groups in
terms of semantic properties and grammatical features: 1. Quantitative numbers. 2. Ordinal
number.
The types of meanings of numbers are considered different in the following literature:
M.
Askarova[5]
U.
Tursunov[6]
A.
Nurmonov[3,33]
N.
Mahmudov[1,142]
Sh.Rahmatullayev[4,157]
1. Quantity:
1. Quantity:
1. Quantity:
1. Quantity:
1) count;
2) piece;
3) approximately;
4) distribution;
5) fractional;
6) ordinal number.
1) countable
numbers;
2)
approximate
numbers;
3)
cumulative
numbers;
4) Fractional
numbers .
1) countable
number;
2)
cumulative
number;
3)
approximate
number .
1)
countable
numbers;
2) approximate
numbers;
3)
cumulative
numbers;
4)
Fractional
numbers.
1) count ;
2) piece ;
3) distribution ;
4) approximately ;
5) aggregator ;
6)
Fractional
numbers.
2.
Serial
number
2.
Serial
number
2. Serial number 2. Serial number
Above literature analysis did without quantity numbers following to types to be slave we
find , this instead of " fraction the concept of "number " excess counting , this sign of the thigh
to use according to type in marking he will come , let's count .
1. Counting number. 2. Piece number. 3. Approximate number. 4. Total number. 5. Distribution
number.
1. Countable numbers do not have a demonstrative:
one, two,
ten
, forty-six.
2. The number of pieces expresses the quantity of something in pieces, and is formed by adding
the suffix
-ta to the number - morphologically. Sometimes the word "dona", "nafar", "baş"
can
also be used instead of
the -ta
form :
five books, two notebooks, three pens, "o
'
ten peş nafar
o '
üçük", "jiyur bas geyron"
. When the suffix is added to the word "one", the sound
"r"
changes to
"t" : bir - bitta, o
'
n bir - o
'
n bir
.
3. An approximate number is an estimate of the quantity of something, not an exact number .
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Morphological method .
-tacha , -lab , -lar , -larcha .
1. When formed with the affix
-tacha,
it can be added to all numbers except one:
peştacha,
elliktacha.
Even if the number with the suffix
-cha is taken as a counting word, the meaning of
approximately remains the same: about a thousand years ago, about five miles away . It's been
about ten years since we got this garden
.
2. From adding the affix
-lab to the countable numbers
:
tens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands.
3.
-s
are added to the countable noun to express approximate:
The meeting ended at six o'clock in
the evening. We stopped ten steps away from it.
4. When made with
-larcha
, the approximate amount is indicated in bulk:
Dozens of girls sang
yor-yor at the wedding.
When forming an approximate number using a syntactic method , it is expressed by pairing two
numbers or by adding the words
chamasi, chogi, yakh, saryb, qarib, kami mil, yayb, mol : besh-
alti, yita-diyat, on'n-fifteen, yiz-ottiz, yuz-yuzdiz, beshov-altov.
4. Aggregative numerals indicate a quantity in a group, often with a possessive affix. Sometimes,
along with the quantity, they are accompanied by a personal expression
(utovy gegit),
and in
some cases, they are understood as a sign of action
(doykovsya gegit). They did it.)
The affixes -
ov, -ala, -ovlon, -ovlashıb are added to the numbers two to seven, ten, and twenty:
If there is a
six-year-old, he will kill himself. We went in three.
5. Distribution also refers to the division of a number of things, their being equal in quantity .
Morphological method. By adding the form
-tadan to the count number: betindan pen, o
'
tendan
pen.
Syntactic method. by repeating the number of pieces:
two-two , ten
-
ten
,
five -five .
Ordinal numbers serve to indicate the order of a type of thing in terms of degree or quantity:
the
third house
.
Fitrat, in his work "Sarf", classifies artificial numbers according to their meaning and forming
suffixes as follows:
1. Ordinal number: -(i)thi – first, second;
2. Part number: -(a)r, -tadan – flying notebook, five notebooks, one coin;
3. Approximate number: -lab – dozens of books, hundreds of people, two or three students;
4. Uncountable: -ov – They went three times;
5. Companionship number: -ala – We both came.;
6. Multiplication: -larcha – hundreds, thousands;
7. A measure of quantity: one sip of water, ten sacks of barley, two packs of grapes [2,148].
In most textbooks, quantitative numbers are divided into counting, approximate, cumulative and
fractional numbers. However, U. Tursunov[6,300] does not include whole and fractional
numbers in the grammatical sense of the number type, but divides the number types into two in
terms of expressing the whole or its part: whole number and fractional number. Based on this
idea, we, having analyzed the above classifications, also consider the classification of types
according to the use of the number.
Based on the sources, we found it necessary to classify the types of numbers according to their
use as follows: 1. Whole numbers. 2. Fractional numbers. 3. Mixed numbers .
1. Whole numbers Numbers that express the wholeness of a quantity :
twenty, fifty .
2. Centuries
Numbers that express a quantity as a fraction of a whole. Fractional numbers
represent quantities that are less than a whole:
two-thirds, five-tenths.
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The structure of a fraction is as follows: the number denoting the division of the whole
(denominator) is in the accusative case, the number denoting the fraction (part) is in the
accusative case, depending on its syntactic function, a possessive and accusative affix is added to
such a number:
one tenth, two fifths, one hundredth.
The nouns to which the fraction belongs
come before this number in the form of accusative or accusative cases:
The number of
Pakhtakors was awarded a tenth.
Fractions are also expressed with words such as half (from the word
to break
), quarter ( one-
fourth), and half-eighth (one-eighth). These words themselves denote a part of the whole - half, a
quarter, and an eighth:
He was able to complete the task.
3. Mixed numbers ( fractional numbers ) Whole numbers and fractions are used mixed, with the
word whole being used before the fraction:
two whole ten five
.
The problems had not been
discussed for a year and a half.
Therefore, in the final classifications made according to the number series, we consider it
acceptable to classify them based on the following characteristics:
I. Types of numbers in terms of meaning: 1. Counting number. 2. Individual number. 3.
Approximate number. 4. Total number. 5. Divisive number. 6. Ordinal number.
II. Types of numbers according to their use: 1. Whole number. 2. Fractional number. 3. Ordinal
number .
III. Types of numbers in terms of structure: 1. Prime number. 2. Composite number. 3. Even
number. 4. Repetitive number.
References:
1. Mahmudov N. and b. Native language. Textbook for grade 6. – Tashkent: Tasvir. 2005. – 162
p.
2. Nurmonov A. History of Uzbek linguistics. Tashkent: Uzbekistan , 2002. – 232 p.
3. Nurmonov A., Shahobiddinova Sh., Iskandarova Sh. . . Theoretical grammar (morphology) of
the Uzbek language – Tashkent: Yangi asr avlody, 2001. – 164 p.
4. Rahmatullayev Sh. Current literary Uzbek language. – Tashkent: University, 2006. – 474 p.
5. Shoabdurahmonov Sh., Asqarova M., Hojiyev A., Rasulov I., Doniyorov X. The current
Uzbek literary language. – Tashkent: O'qituvti , 1980. – 448 p.
6. Tursunov U., Mukhtorov J., Rahmatullayev S. h . Current Uzbek literary language. – Tashkent:
Uzbekistan, 1992. – 399 p.
