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Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023:
6.995, 2024 7.75
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THE WORK OF TOLEPBERGEN KAYIPBERGENOV: ON THE PATH OF
DEVELOPMENT OF KARAKALPAK LITERATURE
Taubemuratova Aziza Rakhat kizi
Nukus branch of the State Institute of Arts and Culture of Uzbekistan
Department of Folklore and Ethnography
Student of the 2nd year of the specialty "Baqshichilik va dostonchilik"
Abstract:
This article discusses the life and creative work of Tolepbergen Kayipbergenov, a
prominent representative of Karakalpak literature. The writer's work, which began with poetry
and later continued in the genres of prose and novel, is deeply analyzed. In particular, in the
novel "Karakalpak qizi," national thinking and social changes are revealed through the image of
a woman, and in the work "O dunyadagi atama xatlar," environmental problems are revealed in
an artistic and philosophical interpretation. The article highlights how Qayipbergenov deeply
analyzed the historical fate, spiritual world, and role of the Karakalpak people in society through
artistic expression.
Keywords
: Tolepbergen Kayipbergenov, Karakalpak literature, female image, ecological
problem, "Karakalpak kyzy," "O dunyadagi atama xatlar," prose, novel, folk life, artistic
expression, literary heritage.
Аннотация:
В данной статье рассказывается о жизни и творчестве Толепбергена
Кайыпбергенова, крупного представителя каракалпакской литературы. Глубоко
анализируется творчество писателя, начавшееся с поэзии, а затем продолжившееся в
жанрах прозы и романа. В частности, в романе "Каракалпак кызы" с особым акцентом
освещается национальное мышление и социальные изменения через образ женщины, а в
произведении "О дунёдағы атама хатлар" раскрываются экологические проблемы в
художественно-философской интерпретации. В статье освещается, как Кайыпбергенов
глубоко проанализировал историческую судьбу, духовный мир и место каракалпакского
народа в обществе посредством художественного выражения.
Ключевые слова:
Толепберген Кайыпбергенов, каракалпакская литература, образ
женщины, экологическая проблема, "Каракалпакская девушка," "О мире," проза, роман,
народная жизнь, художественное выражение, литературное наследие.
Annotatsiya:
Mazkur maqolada qoraqalpoq adabiyotining yirik vakili Tolepbergen
Qayipbergenovning hayoti va ijodiy faoliyati haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Adibning she’riyatdan
boshlangan, keyinchalik proza va roman janrlarida davom etgan ijodi chuqur tahlil qilinadi.
Ayniqsa, “Qaraqalpaq qızı” romanida ayol obrazi orqali milliy tafakkur va ijtimoiy o‘zgarishlar,
“O dúnyadaǵı atama xatlar” asarida esa ekologik muammolar badiiy-falsafiy talqinda ochib
berilgani alohida urg‘u bilan yoritiladi. Maqolada Qayipbergenovning qoraqalpoq xalqining
tarixiy taqdiri, ma’naviy dunyosi va jamiyatdagi o‘rni haqida badiiy ifoda orqali qanday chuqur
tahlil bergani yoritilgan.
Volume 15 Issue 07, July 2025
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Kalit so‘zlar
: Tolepbergen Qayipbergenov, qoraqalpoq adabiyoti, ayol obrazi, ekologik
muammo, “Qaraqalpaq qızı”, “O dúnyadaǵı atama xatlar”, proza, roman, xalq hayoti, badiiy
ifoda, adabiy meros.
Tolepbergen Kayipbergenov is a renowned writer who left a unique mark on the history of
Karakalpak literature, contributing to the formation of a national creative school with his own
voice and style. Born into a simple peasant family and raised in hardship, this man's intellect and
devotion to books and education from childhood led him into the world of artistic thinking.
This young teacher, who began teaching elementary grades while still in school in 1944-1945,
demonstrating his pedagogical skills from an early age, studied at the educational-pedagogical
college in Khojeyli from 1945-1947. Later, continuing his teaching career in his native village,
he further strengthened his interest in literature and took bold steps towards creative pursuits. It
was during this period that Kayipbergenov worked tirelessly on his knowledge, observed life
deeply, and created the first products of his strong desire for artistic expression.
1950 was an important turning point in the life of Tolepbergen Kaipbergenov - he was
admitted to the Faculty of "Russian Language and Literature" of the Karakalpak State
Pedagogical Institute. During this period, he developed as a creative personality, befriended
famous writers, learned from them, and enriched his artistic thinking. In 1951, his first poem
"Tilegim" was published in the republican newspaper "Jas Leninshi." This poem was the poet's
first step in the literary field, after which he began to prove himself with many poems and stories.
In 1955, he entered the field of prose with his first story "When the Postman Arrives." Soon
after, in 1956, his first novella "The Secretary" was published. During the late 1950s and 1960s,
T. Kayipbergenov experienced fruitful creative years. In particular, his stories and works rich in
ideological and philosophical reflections, such as "The End of Mischief" (1954), "Tractor
Driver" (1955), "Conflict on the Road" (1955), "That Anger," "Who is to Blame," "Pillekeshler,"
"Botil Qadam," won the love of a wide readership. This collection of stories was published as a
separate book in 1961 under the title "The Notepad Speaks."
One of the largest and most important examples of Tolepbergen Kayipbergenov's work is the
novel "Karakalpak Girl." Through this work, she managed to epically illuminate the difficult fate
of Karakalpak women during the feudal period, their striving for social equality and freedom,
and the fundamental social changes that occurred in the new era. Through the image of the main
character Jumagul, the work depicts the strong character of a Karakalpak woman, her love for
work, and her determined desire to find her place in life. Based on this novel, a play was staged
at the Karakalpak State Theater, and a feature film "Qaysar qiz" was also shot.
Another important work of the writer is the novel-essay "O dúnyadagi atama xatlar" (1992), in
which the modern life of the Karakalpak people, encountering ecological tragedies, is expressed
through artistic and philosophical reflection and spiritual dialogues. In this work, the author
addresses his deceased father in the form of a letter, posing serious philosophical questions about
modern humanity's irresponsibility towards the environment, ecological disasters, and
humanity's path towards destruction. The melody "The living no longer hear the living, now I am
Volume 15 Issue 07, July 2025
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242
forced to appeal to the dead" fills this work with deep inner drama.
This book not only reveals environmental problems, but also reflects the historical memory,
cultural heritage, and spiritual awakening of the Karakalpak people. In the work, interesting
legends, scientific truths, and unique artistic images are harmoniously intertwined, creating a
unique artistic world.
Tolepbergen Kaipbergenov is one of the brightest figures of Karakalpak literature, who left an
indelible mark on the stage of literary development as a creator who dedicated his entire creative
activity to the artistic depiction of people's lives and the artistic expression of social realities. In
his work, nationality and modernity are harmoniously combined, folk spirit and artistic
generalization are deeply reflected. In Kayipbergenov's works, such pressing issues as the fate of
ordinary people, the joys and worries of workers, the social role of women, the aspirations of
youth, and human relations with the environment are reflected at a high artistic level.
In his novel "Karakalpak kyzy," great changes in society are shown through the strong,
resolute, and dignified image of the Karakalpak woman, and in his work "O dunyadagi atama
xatlar," the severe consequences of ecological disasters, human indifference, and mental anguish
are revealed with philosophical observation. In both works, the writer's belonging to society,
keen observation, and artistic ability to turn inner pain into words are clearly manifested.
Thanks to Kayipbergenov's work, Karakalpak literature became known not only at the national
level, but also throughout Uzbekistan, becoming one of the strong literary schools capable of
reflecting the people's pain. His works invite the reader to deep reflection, instilling important
values such as self-awareness, national pride, dedication to work, nature conservation, and
humanity.
In conclusion, Tolepbergen Kayipbergenov is not just a writer, but a creator who embodies the
pain of the people, national spirit, social responsibility, and artistic truth. His rich heritage serves
as an invaluable source for studying the historical, cultural, and spiritual life of the Karakalpak
people and enriching literary thought. This legacy will be studied, valued, and served as a
spiritual lesson for future generations for many years to come.
References:
1. Kayipbergenov, T. Karakalpak qizi. — Nukus: Karakalpakstan, 1965.
2. Kayipbergenov, T. O dunyadadogı terma khatlar. — Nukus: Bilim, 1992.
3. Kayipbergenov, T. Bloknot soyleydi. — Nukus: Karakalpakstan, 1961.
4. Berdimuratov, A. History of Karakalpak literature. — Nukus: Bilim, 1999.
5. Kenesbaev, M. Development of Karakalpak prose // Collection of articles on literary criticism.
— Nukus: Ilim, 2004.
6. Kilmu‘ratov, S. Tolepbergen Kayipbergenov's work and literary heritage // “Ādebiyat hām
turmıs” journal. — 2010, No. 4.
7. Rasulov, E. Zamon va adib. — Nukus: Karakalpakstan, 2007.
8. National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. — Vol. 11. — Tashkent: State Scientific Publishing
House "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan", 2006.
